Chinese Poetry 中国诗歌介绍 英文版

1、Classical Chinese poetryClassical Chinese poetry 中国古典诗歌Modern Modern Chinese poetryChinese poetry 中国现代诗歌Classical Chinese poetryClassical Chinese poetry Since the burning of books by Qin Shihuang, the earliest extant anthologies are the Shi Jing and Chu Ci, dating to the Spring and Autumn Period and

2、 the Warring States Period, respectively. Shi Jing(诗经 Classic of Poetry) was the first major surviving collection of Chinese poems, collecting both aristocratic poems (Odes) and more rustic poetry, probably derived from folksongs (Songs). They are mostly composed of four-character (四言) lines. A seco

3、nd, more lyrical and romantic anthology was Chu Ci (楚辞 Songs of Chu), made up primarily of poems ascribed to Qu Yuan and his follower Song Yu. These poems are composed of lines of irregular lengths, in the style prevalent in the state of Chu.Beginnings of the tradition:关关雎鸠，在河之洲。窈窕淑女，君子好逑。关关雎鸠，在河之洲。

4、窈窕淑女，君子好逑。参差荇菜，左右流之。窈窕淑女，寤寐求之。参差荇菜，左右流之。窈窕淑女，寤寐求之。求之不得，寤寐思服。悠哉悠哉，辗转反侧。求之不得，寤寐思服。悠哉悠哉，辗转反侧。参差荇菜，左右采之。窈窕淑女，琴瑟友之。参差荇菜，左右采之。窈窕淑女，琴瑟友之。参差荇菜，左右毛之。窈窕淑女，钟鼓乐之。参差荇菜，左右毛之。窈窕淑女，钟鼓乐之。关关 雎雎Classical Chinese poetryClassical Chinese poetry中中国国古古典典诗诗歌歌ShiCi（Song）“ancient-style” gushi poetry（古体诗）（古体诗）唐以前诗歌及唐以后诗人仿作“re

5、cent-style” jintishi poetry（近体诗）（近体诗）形成于唐代ChineseSanqupoetry(散曲)Yuanopera(元杂剧）Qu（Yuan）小令（五十八字以内）中调（五十九字至九十字）长调（九十一字以上）Classical Chinese poetryClassical Chinese poetry古古体体诗诗四言古诗(出现最早的是诗经，另一代表是曹操诗)杂言诗（可归入七言古诗）登幽州台歌登幽州台歌七言古诗（成熟于唐代，简称七古）五言古诗（成熟于汉代，简称五古）Classical Chinese poetryClassical Chinese poetry近近体

6、体诗诗绝句律诗五言绝句（五绝）江雪江雪七言绝句（七绝）早发白帝城早发白帝城 五言律诗（五律）春望春望七言律诗（七律）闻官军收河南河北闻官军收河南河北排律（八句以上的律诗） Poetry of Poetry of particular(dynastic) periods: particular(dynastic) periods:Classical Chinese poetryClassical Chinese poetry Han poetry Jianan poetry Six Dynasties poetry Tang poetry Song poetry Yuan poetryClass

7、ical Chinese poetryClassical Chinese poetry during the Han Dynasty, a folk-song style of poetry became popular, known as Yuefu (乐府) “Music Bureau” poems, so named because of the governments role in collecting such poems, although in time some poets began composing original works in Yuefu style. Many

8、 Yuefu poems are composed of five-character (五言) or seven-character (七言) lines, in contrast to the four-character lines of earlier times. A characteristic form of Han Dynasty literature is the Fu（赋）. Han poetry：Classical Chinese poetryClassical Chinese poetryThe Four Major Poet of Hanfu：Sima Xiangru

9、Yang XiongZhang HengBan GuClassical Chinese poetryClassical Chinese poetryJianan poetry： Jianan poety refers to those poetic movements occurring during the final years of the failing Han Dynasty and continuing their development into the beginning of the Six Dynasties period. Typical poets of this pe

10、riod are Cao Cao,Cao Pi, Cao Zhi 东临碣石，以观沧海。东临碣石，以观沧海。 水何澹澹，山岛竦峙。水何澹澹，山岛竦峙。 树木丛生，百草丰茂。树木丛生，百草丰茂。 秋风萧瑟，洪波涌起。秋风萧瑟，洪波涌起。 日月之行，若出其中；日月之行，若出其中； 星汉灿烂，若出其里。星汉灿烂，若出其里。 幸甚至哉！歌以咏志。幸甚至哉！歌以咏志。观观 沧沧 海海Classical Chinese poetryClassical Chinese poetry The Six Dynasties era covers three main periods: the Three Kingd

11、oms (220280), Jin Dynasty (265420), and Southern and Northern Dynasties (420589). The great fields and garden poet ,Tao Yuanming, the great and highly personal poet who was noted for speaking in his own voice rather than a persona or anonymously.Six Dynasties poetry：结庐在人境，而无车马喧。结庐在人境，而无车马喧。问君何能尔，心远地

12、自偏。问君何能尔，心远地自偏。采菊东篱下，悠然见南山。采菊东篱下，悠然见南山。山气日夕佳，飞鸟相与还。山气日夕佳，飞鸟相与还。此中有真意，欲辨已忘言。此中有真意，欲辨已忘言。饮酒饮酒其五其五Classical Chinese poetryClassical Chinese poetry A high point of classical Chinese poetry occurred during the Tang period (618 - 907); Poetry was integrated into almost every aspect of the professional and

13、 social life of the literate class, including becoming part of the Imperial examinations taken by anyone wanting a government post; Over time, some Tang poetry became more realistic, more narrative and more critical of social norms; The poetry of the Tang Dynasty remains influential today.Tang poetr

14、y：Classical Chinese poetryClassical Chinese poetryEarly Tang : Four Heroes of Early TangYang JiongWang BoLu ZhaolinLuo BinwangClassical Chinese poetryClassical Chinese poetry Zhang jiuling ,He Zhizhang The most famous: Li Bai , Du Fu (Li-Du) The “Fields and Gardens Poets Group” (田园诗派)： Meng Haoran ,

15、 Wang Wei The “Borders and Frontier Fortress Poets Group ”(田园诗派)： Gao Shi，Cen Cen，Wang Changling ,Wang Zhihuan ,Cui Hao High Tang : Classical Chinese poetryClassical Chinese poetry The Landscape Style Poem (山水诗)： Liu Changqing , Wei Yingwu Bai Juyi , Han Yu , Meng Jiao , Liu Yusi , Liu Zongyuan , Li

16、 HeMiddle Tang : Late Tang : Du Mu ，Li Shangyin （Little Li-Du） Wen Tingyun , Wei ZhuangClassical Chinese poetryClassical Chinese poetry By the Song Dynasty (960-1279), another form of poetry, the Ci (词)new lyrics written according to the set rhythms of existing tunes. Each ci poem is labeled To the

17、tune of Tune Name (调寄词牌) and fits the meter and rhyme of the tune. The titles of ci poems are not necessarily related to their subject matter, and many poems may share a title. In terms of their content, Ci poetry most often expressed feelings of desire .Song poetry：Classical Chinese poetryClassical

18、 Chinese poetryOu Yangxiu Wang Anshi Su shi Su ZheLiu Yong Li QingzhaoZhou Bangyan Yan Shu Huang Tingjian The Northern Song Dynasty:Classical Chinese poetryClassical Chinese poetryThe Southern Song Dynasty:LuYouJiangKui（姜夔）XinQijiClassical Chinese poetryClassical Chinese poetry Major developments of

19、 poetry during the Yuan Dynasty (12711368) included the development of types of poetry written to fixed-tone patterns, such as for the Yuan opera （元杂剧）librettos. After the Song Dynasty, the set rhythms of the Ci came to be reflected in the set-rhythm pieces of Chinese Sanqu poetry (散曲), a freer form

20、 based on new popular songs and dramatic arias, that developed and lasted into the Ming Dynasty (14th-17th centuries). Yuan poetry：Classical Chinese poetryClassical Chinese poetryFour playwrights of Yuan Poetry： Guang HanqingMa Zhiyuan Ba Pu Zheng Guangzu倩女离魂窦娥冤天净沙秋思青衫泪唐明皇秋夜梧桐雨Classical Chinese poet

21、ryClassical Chinese poetryzhang Yanghao西厢记山坡羊潼关怀古Wang ShifuClassical Chinese poetryClassical Chinese poetry诗经诗经楚辞楚辞乐府乐府赋赋唐诗唐诗宋词宋词元曲元曲总体顺序总结总体顺序总结ModernModern Chinese poetry Chinese poetry Modern Chinese poems (new poetry新诗 ) usually do not follow any prescribed pattern. Poetry was revolutionized aft

22、er the May Fourth Movement when writers try to use vernacular styles closer to what was being spoken (baihua) rather than previously prescribed forms. ModernModern Chinese poetry Chinese poetry Early 20th-century poets like Xu Zhimo, Guo Moruo and Wen Yiduo sought to break Chinese poetry from past conventions by adopting Western models.Moder