现在完成时的用法和过去式

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上现在完成时的用法和过去式的主要区别：1.概念上的区别：一般过去时：表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情，不强调对“现在”产生的影响。现在完成时，表示发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果；过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在并且有可能还会持续的动作或状态。He visited Guilin in 1998.他1998年参观过桂林。(只是简单表明在过去某个时间in 1998去过桂林这一事实，除此以外别无其他)Jill has bought a new computer.吉尔买了一台新电脑。（造成的结果是，Jill现在

2、有了一台新电脑）The plane has already arrived. 飞机已经抵达了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿。） The plane arrived a quarter of an hour ago. 飞机是一刻钟以前抵达的。（强调动作发生的时间在过去。）第一种：对目前造成的影响；发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果；Have you seen the film? （A）Did you see the film? （B）说明 你看过这部电影吗？（A）句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解；（B）句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过，并不强调是否知道其内容。第二种：过去某一时间开始并

3、一直持续到现在并且有可能还会持续的动作或状态。He has lived in Beijing for 8 years.（A）He lived in Beijing for 8 years. （B）说明他在北京住了8年。（A）句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了8年，可能还会继续在北京住下去。(B)句讲的是他在北京住过8年，现在不在北京了。2. 结构上的区别现在完成时：基本结构：+have/has+动词的(p.p)（V-ed） 肯定句：主语+have/has+的过去分词(p.p)（V-ed）+宾语. He has finished it. They have worked it out.否定句：主语+

4、have/has+not+动词的过去分词(p.p)（V-ed）+宾语. He hasnt finished it. They have worked it out.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词(p.p)（V-ed）+宾语.Has he finished it? Yes, he has; No he hasntHave they have worked it out? Yes, I have; No I havent ：特殊疑问词或词组+have/has+主语+过去分词（v-ed）+其他）Where have they been? They have been to Yun

5、nan.一般过去式：主语动词的过去式（肯定式）He did it. We hoped to go there.主语did not 动词原形（否定式）He didnt do it. They werent there yesterday.Did主语动词的原形（疑问式）Did he do it? Yes, he did. No, he didnt过去分词的概念：规则动词的过去分词的构成：v+ed, 如work-worked；study-studied；finish-finished 不规则动词的过去分词构成：如be-been；have-had；hear-heard；do-done动词的过去分词和动

6、词的过去式不是一个概念注意：不规则的动词过去分词和过去式有时候一样，有时候不一样；have-had-had; do-did-done; see-saw-seen; be-was/were-been过去分词的变化规则： 规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：(1)一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”： work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited (2)以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”：live-lived-lived , (3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 "y" 变为 &qu

7、ot;i" ，再加“ ed ”：study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”： stop-stopped-stopped , drop-droppeddropped.3.句子中所用时间词语的区别 一般过去时：通常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday, yesterday morning (afternoon, evening)； last night (week, month, year)；一段时间+ago(several days ago)、 two day

8、s ago、a week ago,；in 2002，(in 1990, in 1997，in July)等；just now, at that time/moment, then , long long ago例子：He was here yesterday.I got up at seven yesterday morning.My mother didnt work yesterday afternoon.Did you have a good time last summer? My mother often went to work by taxi last year.When I w

9、as a student, I often listened to music.Three months ago, they were still students.现在完成时：现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already（已经）, yet（已经）, just（刚）, before（之前）, recently（最近）, lately（近来），ever（曾经）等副词；其中already，just多用于肯定句中，ever，yet，never多用于疑问句和否定句中）He has already obtained（获得） a scholarship.他已经获得了奖学金。He has

10、just had his meal他刚吃过饭。Have you ever been to Beijing？你曾经去过北京吗？I havent seen much of him recently (lately).我最近没太看到他。We have seen that film before. 我们之前看过那部电影。Have they found the missing child yet？他们已经找到了那个丢失的孩子了吗？for + 时间段 如: for ten years时间点 如: since nine oclocksince 时间段 + ago 如: since ten years ago

11、 一般过去时态从句(主句是现在完成时) 如: since you came since you got home例如：We have lived in this city for more than 40 years. 我们在这个城市里已经生活了 40 多年。We have lived in this city since 1958. 我们从 1958 年起就住在这个城市里。Have you seen her parents these days? 这些天你看见她的父母了吗？ Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.非延续性动词即瞬间动词不能用于“现在完成时表示一段时间的状语”的句型中。这类动词有：come， go， start， leave， die， buy， finish， borrow等。例如：buy havejoin be in/be a member of close be closedborrow keepopen be open，become bepu