教师用高中名词性从句讲解

1、学习必备欢迎下载专题7:名词性从句一、概念在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。主要考查语序问题、连接词选用、时态的呼应等Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.2.引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：从属连词：that,whether,if不充

2、当从句的任何成分连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which,whichever.（作主、宾、表、补）连接副词：when,where,how,why,however,wherever（状）主语从句的用法一、主语从句在复合句中作主语，它可以位于句首，但常见的主语从句多放在句末，句首则用形式主语it。1. Thattheearthisroundistrue.=Itistruethattheearthisround2. Whetherhewillcomehasn'tbeendecided.=Ithasn'tbeendecidedwhe

3、therhewillcome.注意：连词that,whether在从句中不担任句子成分，只起连接作用，不能省略（注：if不可用来引导主语从句）WhenhewillgotoAmericaisnotyetfixed.（ItisnotyetfixedwhenhewillgotoAmerica.）Whoeverleavestheroomlastshouldclosethedoor.Whateverwedomustbeintheinterestsofthepeople.3. 常见的it作形式主语的结构基本句型结构常用词语tis+名词+that从句Itisafact/ashame/apity/nowond

4、er/goodnews/thattis+形容词+that从句Itisnecessary/strange/important/possible/likely/th就主语从句中，谓语动词常为（should）+动词原形tis+过去分词+that从句Itissaid/reported/decided/known/thatt+/、及物动词+that从句Itseemed/happened/doesn'tmatter/hasturnedout/that学习必备欢迎下载二、it作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较it作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词有变化。而it引导的强调句

5、则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如：Itisapitythatyoudidn'tgotoseethefilm.Itdoesn'tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace.ItisJohnthatbrokethewindow.宾语从句的用法句子结构：主句+连接词(引导词)+宾语从句；在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词之后，宾语从句中谓语的否定常转移到主句的谓语上。Idon

6、'tbelievehewillgo.Wedon'texpectheiscoming.Idon'tthinkhecandoit,canhe?You/Theydon'tthinkhecandoit,dothey?在接复合宾语的句子中，为了保持句子平衡，用it作形式宾语，将从句放于句尾，常接复合宾语的动词有：make,find,see,hear,feel,think.Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.Ithinkitapitytowastethefood表语从句的用法在复合句中用作表语的从句是表语从

7、句，引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用asif引导。其基本结构为：主语+系动词+that从句。That'swhatweshoulddo.That'whyIwanttoseeyou.ThereasonformyabsencewasthatIwasill.1. be,seem,look等动词后均可跟表语从句：Mysuggestionisthatweshouldgoshopping.Itseemsthatitisgoingtorain2. asif,because也可引导表语从句。Itlooksasifit'sgoingtora

8、in.ItwasbecauseIgotuplate.3. 在非正式文体中，引导表语从句的that可以省略。如：Thetroubleis(that)heisill注意:在表语从句中，当reason做主语时，引导词只能用that,不能用because如:他迟到的原因是因为他没有赶上早班车。Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathedidn'tcatchtheearlybus.同位语从句的用法在句中起同位语的作用.一般放在名词fact,news,idea,promise,thought,suggestion,lrulh_,hope,problem,information,b

9、elief,doubt,questiondreamadvice,proofdecision等之后，用以说明或解释前面的名词.1.Thequestionwhetherweneedmoretimetodotheworkhasnotbeendiscussed.2.Ihavenoideawhentheywillgo.学习必备欢迎下载3.Thesuggestionthattheplan（should）bedelayedwillbediscussedtomorrow.名词suggestion,advice.order等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形，should可省略.同位语从句有时

10、被别的词把它和名词隔开：ThestorygoesthatWilliamTellkilledthekingwithanarrow.Wordcamethattheirteamhadwon九大热点问题1.同位语从句与定语从句的区别从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、限定前面的名词（相当于一个定语）。e.g.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging.（从句说明消息”的内容：我们队取得了决赛胜利。）Thenewsthatyoutoldusisreallyencouraging.（从句对消息”加以限定：是你告

11、诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。e.g.1）DadmadeapromisethathewouldbuymeCDplayerifIpassedtheEnglishtest.（that不充当任何成分）2） Dadmadeapromisethatexcitedallhischildren.（that指代promise,又在从句中充当主语。）2 .语序问题（名词性从句用陈述语序）3 .whetherif的区别?I.Ple

12、asetellmeif/whetheryouwillgotothelecturestomorrow.?II.Italldependsonwhethertheskywillclearup.?III.Thequestioniswhetherthefilmiswellworthseeing.?IV.Canyoutellmewhetherornotthetrainhasleft?V.Whetheritistrueremainsaproblem.?VI.Hedoesn'tknowhethertostay.?A.引导宾语从句，位于及物动词后?B.引导宾语从句，位于介词后?C.引导主语从句，放句首?

13、D.引导表语从句，主语从句或同位语从句?E.可与ornot直接连用4 .Whatthat的区别（在名词性从句中）?I.Ithinkthatitisunnecessaryformetospeaklouder.?II.Hismotherissatisfiedwithwhathehasdone.?III.Thathewasabletocomemadeushappy.?IV.Thisiswhatmakesusinterested.V.ThereasonwasthatTodhadneverseenthemillion-poundnotebefore.?所引导的从句中是否缺主语、表语或宾语?汉语意义?能否

14、省略?What?缺?什么；所的?东西、事情?否?that?不缺?无意义?宾语从句中能省略5.that引导名词性从句的省略情况学习必备欢迎下载1)that引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时，不能省略。e.g.Thathesuddenlyfellilllastweekmadeussurprised.2)宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中that不能省略：(A)当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略；Ithink,hesaid,thatTomwillcome.(B)当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时(或带两个以上

15、宾语从句),that不能省；(C)当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉(很少在介词后引导宾从，只在except,but,beside,in后才用。介词后一般用what,whether连接，不用which,if连接)如：Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.6 .Who/whoever,what/whatever等的用法区别。一般说来，what/who等含特指意义，而whatever/whoever等含泛指意义，意为无论什么/无论谁"

16、。7 .Where,when,why等连接副词引导的名词性从句。Where,when,why等连接副词也可以引导名词性从句，使用的关键是：这个词必须符合句子的逻辑意义要求。7疑问词+ever和nomatter+疑问词的区别。疑问词+ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的部分。如：Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop.疑问词+ever还可引导让步状语从句。如：Whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished,Whateveryoudo,youmustdoi

17、twell.nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。如：Nomatterwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell.Nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished.考点解析【考点1名词性从句中引导词that与what的使用场合。that引导名从时，无意义不当句子成分，只是引导词；而what引导名从时，在从句中要充当主宾表等句子成分，what表什么”=allthat或sth.thatTips:定语从句引导词中，有that没有what。1 .Themountainisnolongeritusedtobe.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.a

18、s2 .ThereismuchchanceBillwillrecoverfromhisinjuryintimefortherace.学习必备欢迎下载A.thatB.whichC.untilD.if3 .Thethoughtofgoingbackhomewaskepthimhappywhilehewasworkingabroad.A.thatB.allthatC.allwhatD.which4 .Youcanonlybesureofyouhaveatpresent;youcannotbesureofsomethingyoumightgetinthefuture.A.that;whatB.what

19、;/C.which;thatD./;that【考点2"(should)+do”在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等，谓语动词用虚拟语气，常用句型有：(1) Itisnecessary,(important,natural,strange,etc.)that.(2) Itissuggested,(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that.(3) 一坚持(insist)、二命令(order,command)、三建议(suggest,advise,propose)、四要求(demand,desire,require,request)。(4) 主

20、语是suggestion,proposal,request,decision等表建议、请求、要求、决定”等意思的词时，表语从句，同位语中谓语动词要用虚拟语气"(should)+doo如：Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)holdanothermeetingtodiscussthequestion.1. Iadvisedthathetothehospitalatonce,butheinsistedthathequitewellthen.A.besent;wasfeelingB.wassent;sentC.besent;feelD.shouldbesent;shouldfeel【考点3whoever,whichever,whatever,whenever,wherever和however可以弓I导名从和让步状从