外文翻译综采放顶煤瓦斯涌出的特点及防治

1、中文2180字英文原文The Features and Prevention of the Gas Pouring from the Breaking Coal-bed of the Comprehensively Mechanized Mining FaceZhao JunhuAbstract: Through analyzing the features of the gas-pouring from the comprehensively mechanized mining face，this paper advances some methods for making comprehe

2、nsive treatment of the gas to ensure the safety in the productionKey words:gas-pouring；comprehensively mechanized coal mining；coal mine safety.Caving in thick coal seam mining widely used in the mining method .After several years practice and the exploration, applied this mining coal method to bring

3、 the remarkable economic efficiency.Simultaneously mines the technology also gradually to consummate, puts the coal thickness to reach 15 m.The peculiar circumstance has surpassed 20 m.Some syntheses set free a captured animal produce ability to achieve above 2,000,000 t/a. But along with the mining

4、 technology development and the application scope unceasing expansion, the synthesis picked puts goes against the coal also to bring a series of technical question under the specific condition.If mines in the easy ignition high methane coal bed the fire protection, dustproof, to guard against questi

5、ons and so on gas.1 synthesis lets loose picks the gas to gush out the characteristicsynthesis to let loose picks is different with other lamination mining, its working surface and the coal bed relative position has had the change, is along ledger wall mining.The common around two conveyer transport

6、ation, one time picks big, productivity is big, upside the broken pulverized coal body is mobile to the support window, is braved the roof to fall the function to put the coal to be non-uniform, facilitates the gas to gush out also non-uniform. Added the fire protection note nitrogen influence, the

7、cause synthesis lets loose picks the gas to gush out the question to appear the new characteristic, became affects the working surface per unit area yield the important attribute, simultaneously gave the safety in production to bring the new question.Because the synthesis puts is along ledger wall m

8、ining, its gas originates is different with general lamination mining.General lamination mining is goes against mining along the roof or the vacation, the gas originates mainly is the coal body which the working surface coal wall and shears falls. The next lamination gas gushes out a quantity lamina

9、tion to compare reduces 2-4 time.But the synthesis lets loose picks the gas to originate a minute two major part: A part comes from the working surface coal wall and picks falls the coal body, moreover the majority comes from the working surface support place above.Indicated according to the gas mat

10、erial.The coal wall and picks falls the coal body the gas to gush out the quantity only to account for 25%.Other are above the support the coal body produces. When coal mining machine coal cutting the coal wall exposes unceasingly front, puts down work in advance in the stress function is 10-15m str

11、ess Gao Zhiqu in the scope coal body crevasse to increase.The gas state of equilibrium receives the destruction, the coal body permeability increases, the gas inrushes along the release of pressure belt crevasse to the working surface.Moreover scatters the coal body increased the gas to emit the spe

12、ed to cause the gas quantity to increase, when the gas gushed out the quantity exposed along with the coal wall to ask the growth reduces. Above the support the coal body the coal cutting, moves, puts technological process and so on in coal pressure variation influences, causes it to be destructed,

13、the massive adsorption gas transforms the dissociation gas, because its proportion is light.Creates picks the depletion region massive gas to accumulate (discharges working surface besides few parts from window).Moreover, braves in the horizontal included angle 60° scope to fall in the belt, be

14、cause the roof braves to fall, the distortion causes the neighbouring area gas to gush out causes to pick the gas increase which the depletion region accumulates.2 gas gush out in the time and the spatial particularity2.1 let loose in the timeparticular synthesis pick the gas to gush out in the time

15、 are different with other method of exploitation, has its unique performance: First, when working surface coal cutting the gas releases a part.Second, the window puts when the coal the massive gas gush out.When third, the window puts at the same time the coal and the coal cutting the work, the gas g

16、ushes out massively.This is the gas agglomerates the most dangerous time.2.2 gas spatial distribution characteristics see the chartlow gas area (I Area).This area ventilates good, the gas easy to discharge, the cross section is big, (support shield type support), the amount of wind accounts for the

17、total amount of wind 241%, the gas density is the low gas area.Gas increase area (Area).This area is located entire chute and machine between.Because the cross section changes small, the amount of wind accounts for the total amount of wind 136%, the loose resistance is big, was inferior well ventila

18、ted I area is good, gas quantity increase.High gas area (Area).This area for behind chute space, because the chute kept off the coal board to occupy certain space, put when the coal put down the coal has occupied certain space, created the cross section to be small, the resistance was big.The amount

19、 of wind accounts for the total quantity 8%-10%, also this area is apart from the hard gang to be far, creates ventilates the difficulty, like this puts when the coal the gas gushes out massively forms the high gas area, namely gas warning area.Gas agglomeration area.This area is located puts above

20、the coal window, the massive gas cannot discharge, forms the gas agglomeration area, also is the warning area.3 syntheses let loose pick the gas explosion factor3.1 gas distributionfollowing chart to show, the entire working surface besides puts the coal mouth, the gas discharges basically under the

21、 normal loose dilution, its gas quantity does not surpass 1%.But on puts the coal mouth, puts above the coal mouth to pick lower part on the depletion region, the air return way the solid angle goes against high, these place gas volume score is 3一15, basically in detonation boundary (5一l6), And has

22、ventilates for the oxygen condition, has exterior fire hazard possibly to cause explodes.Distributes in picks on the depletion region the massive gas agglomeration not to be able to discharge, the volume score surpasses 20%.In order to prevent the coal bed spontaneous combustion ignition, the synthe

23、sis lets loose picks to picks the depletion region note nitrogen to reduce the oxygen content is one kind of effective fire precautions, but because the note nitrogen causes the gas to assume the barotropic state, the force picks the depletion region a part of gas outflow, also creates the gas to gu

24、sh out the quantity to increase.3.2 caused the gas explosion detachment condition to have the gas accumulation, its density achieved the detonation boundary, had under the external factor fire hazard condition then to have the gas explosion again.From actual situation analysis. Causes the gas explos

25、ion condition to include: The electricity does not guard against explosions produces the spark to cause the gas explosion； Picks the depletion region ignition associated gas explosion； The bulk rock braves to fall produces the spark with the support collision to cause the detonation； Puts the coal w

26、indow to fire a gun processes the big lump coal body to be possible to cause the detonation； The coal body high-temperature oxidation causes the detonation； Moves a time support to rub easily to cause the gas explosion.4 syntheses let loose the gas which picks to prevent and control4.1 to pull out p

27、ut primarily effect a permanent cure the measureregarding the gas content big coal bed, adopts the method which extracts the gas to enable the gas density to achieve the mining request, extracts the means to have in advance pulls out ahead of time with picks while pulls out two kinds.4.2Is after fir

28、st upscale and the synthesis picks the synthesis to let loose picksAfter pulls out puts could not achieve the mining request the coal bed, must first pick or the upscale method along the roof with the synthesis mines 2-3, carries on the synthesis after the mining liberation level release gas to put

29、again.4.3 delivers the roof gas lane or the special gas tail lanein picks behind the depletion region to dig the special gas tail lane. Behind working surface advance mining coal pulls out a row of gas, like this picks the depletion region gas to discharge by the behind tail lane, or digs along the

30、roof delivers the gas lane, each 50m digs delivers the rill and the air return way is interlinked the release gas.4.4 high-pressure waterflood conditioning coal bed emissions gascarries on the high-pressure waterflood in the coal bed, not only can soften the coal body, reduce the dust, moreover can

31、discharge the coal bed jointing crevasse in partial gas, reduces the coal dust gas content, simultaneously plays the temperature decrease, increases the humidity the role, not easy to cause the ignition, may prevent the gas accident.4.5 adjusts the gas from the operation craft to gush out the quanti

32、tycontrol to put the coal mouth to put the coal, does not cause to put the coal amount oversized, one time puts the coal time not to want to grow, divides puts many times, has the limit control gas to gush out the quantity.The coal cutting puts the coal not to have simultaneously the work, prevented

33、 the gas superimposition gushes out.Cleans up behind between the chute rack to float the coal, increases the cross section, reduces the resistance, guarantees loosely unimpeded.Special place (for example on solid angle) available bureau fan emissions gas. May adopt lamination mining regarding the fl

34、ammable coal bed, after waits the note thick liquid sufficient granulated substance to let loose again using the synthesis picks.In brief, the synthesis lets loose picks, the preventing and controlling gas, the prevention accident occurs is a long-term complex work, but also waits for us further stu

35、dies the enhancement.中文译文综采放顶煤瓦斯涌出的特点及防治赵俊虎摘要：通过对综放工作面瓦斯涌出特点的分析，提出了综合治理瓦斯的方法，以确保安全生产。关键词：瓦斯涌出；综放开采；煤矿安全综采放顶煤是在厚煤层开采中广泛应用的采煤方法。经过几年的实践和探索，应用这种采煤方法带来了显著的经济效益。同时开采技术也在逐步完善，放煤厚度已达15m。特殊情况已超过20m。有的综放生产能力已达到200万t/a 以上。但是随着开采技术的发展和应用范围的不断扩大，综采放顶煤在特定条件下也带来了一系列的技术问题。如开采易发火高沼气煤层中的防火、防尘、防瓦斯等问题。1 综放开采瓦斯的涌出特点综放开

36、采与其他分层开采不同，其工作面与煤层相对位置发生了变化,是沿底板开采。一般前后两部输送机运输，一次采高大，生产能力大，上部破碎煤体向支架窗口流动，受顶板冒落作用放煤不均匀，促成瓦斯涌出也不均匀。加之防火注氮的影响，致使综放开采瓦斯涌出问题出现了新的特点，成为影响工作面单产的重要因素，同时给安全生产带来了新的问题。由于综放是沿底板开采，其瓦斯来源不同于一般分层开采。一般分层开采是沿顶板或假顶开采，瓦斯来源主要是工作面煤壁及割落的煤体。下分层瓦斯涌出量较一分层相比降低2-4倍。而综放开采瓦斯来源分两大部分：一部分来自工作面煤壁及采落煤体，另外大部分来自工作面支架的上方。根据瓦斯资料表明。煤壁及采落

37、煤体的瓦斯涌出量仅占25。其余均是支架上方煤体产生的。当采煤机割煤时煤壁不断暴露，在超前应力作用下工作面前10-15m应力高值区范围内的煤体裂隙增大。瓦斯平衡状态受到破坏，煤体透气性增大，瓦斯沿卸压带裂隙向工作面涌入。另外散落的煤体增加了瓦斯的散放速度导致瓦斯量增加，但瓦斯涌出量随煤壁暴露时问增长而降低。支架上方煤体受割煤、移架、放煤等工艺过程中的压力变化影响，使其遭到破坏，大量的吸附瓦斯转变成游离瓦斯，由于其比重轻。造成采空区大量的瓦斯积存(除一少部分由窗口排放到工作面外)。另外，在水平夹角60°范围的冒落带内，因顶板冒落、变形导致邻区瓦斯涌出使采空区积存的瓦斯增加。2 瓦斯涌出在

38、时间和空间上的特殊性21 在时间上的特殊性综放开采瓦斯涌出在时间上不同于其他开采方法，有其独特的表现：第一，工作面割煤时瓦斯释放出一部分。第二，窗口放煤时大量的瓦斯涌出。第三，窗口放煤与割煤同时作业时，瓦斯大量涌出。这是瓦斯积聚最危险的时间。22 瓦斯的空间分布特点见下图低瓦斯区(I区)。该区通风良好，瓦斯易排出，断面大，(支撑掩护式支架)，风量占总风量的65一76，瓦斯浓度属低瓦斯区。瓦斯增加区(区)。该区位于整个溜子道与机道之间。由于断面变小，风量占总风量的16一20，风流阻力大，通风不如I区好,瓦斯量增加。高瓦斯区(区)。该区为后部溜子空间，因溜子挡煤板占了一定的空间，放煤时放下来的煤又

39、占了一定的空间，造成断面小,阻力大。风量占总量的8-10，且该区距硬帮较远，造成通风困难，这样放煤时瓦斯大量涌出形成高瓦斯区，即瓦斯危险区。瓦斯积聚区。该区位于放煤窗口以上，大量瓦斯排放不出来，形成瓦斯积聚区，也是危险区。3 综放开采瓦斯爆炸因素31 瓦斯分布如下图所示,整个工作面除放煤口以外，在正常风流的稀释下瓦斯基本排出，其瓦斯量不超过1。而在放煤口、放煤口以上采空区下部、回风道上隅角高顶，这些地方的瓦斯体积分数为3一15，基本上在爆炸界限内(5一l6)，并且有通风供氧条件，有外部火源就可能引起爆炸。分布于采空区上部的大量瓦斯积聚排放不出来，体积分数超过20。为了防止煤层自燃发火，综放开采

40、对采空区注氮降低氧含量是一种有效的防火措施，但由于注氮使气体呈正压状态，迫使采空区的一部分瓦斯外流，也造成瓦斯涌出量增大。32 引起瓦斯爆炸的客观条件有了瓦斯积存，其浓度达到爆炸界限，再有外因火源的条件下即可产生瓦斯爆炸。从实际情况分析。引起瓦斯爆炸的条件有：电气不防爆产生火花引起瓦斯爆炸；采空区发火伴生瓦斯爆炸；大块岩石冒落与支架碰撞产生火花引起爆炸；放煤窗口放炮处理大块煤体可引起爆炸；煤体高温氧化引起爆炸；移架时支架摩擦易引起瓦斯爆炸。4 综放开采的瓦斯防治41 以抽放为主的治本措施对于瓦斯含量大的煤层，采取把瓦斯抽出的方法使瓦斯浓度达到开采要求，抽出办法有提前预抽和边采边抽两种。42 先高档和综采后综放开采经过抽放后还达不到开采要求的煤层，必须先沿顶板用综采或高档方法开采23层，至开采解放层释放瓦斯后再进行综放。43 送顶板瓦斯巷或专门瓦斯尾巷在采空区后方掘专门瓦斯尾巷工作面前进采煤后部抽排瓦斯，这样采空区瓦斯由后部尾巷排出，或沿顶板掘送瓦斯巷，每隔50m掘送小川与回风道相通释放瓦斯。44 高压注水软化煤层排放瓦斯在煤层中进行高压注水，不但能软化煤