河南专升本公共英语重点语法复习

1、2012年河南专升本公共英语重点语法复习倒装1. 否定词放置句首时, 助动词或 be 动词要放置主语的前面进行倒装.常用的否定词有： not, scarcely, barely, seldom, not until, little, (in)under no circumstance, by no means, no sooner than)。 Not until I reminded him for the third time _ working and looked up. A. that he stopped B. does he stopped C. did he stop D. t

2、hat he stopped 答案为 C。2Onlyadv. 句子要倒装。 1）Only under such a condition will he make steady progress. 只有在这样的条件下，他才会取得扎实的进步。 3. nor, neither, so 用于句首时, 句子要倒装。So little _ about stock exchange that the lecture was completely beyond me. A. did I know B. I had known C. I knew D. was I kno

3、w       答案为 A。4. 虚拟条件句中省略 if 时要倒装。 _ you were busy, I wouldn't have bothered you with my questions. A. If I realized B. Had I realized C. Did I have realized that D. As I realized    答案为 B非谓语动词动词非谓语形式包括不定式，动名词和分词，它们在句子中不能充当谓语，可以分别充当主 语、表语、宾语、定语和状

4、语。虽然非谓语形式不能充当谓语，但它们仍然保留了动词的某 些特征，比如说它们可以有自己的宾语，补足语或状语以及自己的逻辑主语，能成为句子的 独立成分。 动词非谓语形式有一般时、 进行时和完成时三种形式以及相应的主动与被动形式。 在解答有 关动词非谓语形式的试题时，应特别注意以下几点：1英语中有些动词后跟不定式作宾语，有些动词后面则接动名词作宾语，还有一些动词的 后边既可以接不定式，也可以接动名词，有时意义不变，但有时却在意义上大不相同，所以 必须牢记有关非谓语形式的基本知识。1）We shall appreciate _ from you soon.  A. being heard

5、B. hearing C. to hear D. having been heard 答案是 B。appreciate 这个词后面只能接动名词，且应该是其一般式。2）The man in the corner confessed to _ a lie to the manager of the company. A. have told B. be told C. being told D. having told 短语动词 confess to 中的 to 是介词，不是动词不定式符号，因此选项 A 和 B 可以排除。 选项 C 是动名词的被动式，而动名词后边已经

6、有了宾语 a lie ,因此动名词不能是被动式，因 此正确答案是 D。用完成形式的动名词表示这个动作在主要动词之前已经发生。3）We all feel sorry for _ for so long after your arrival.A. keep you waiting B. having kept you waiting C. waiting for you D. keep you wait 答案为 B。2非谓语动词作宾语补充语时，要弄清哪些动词后面可以跟不定式作宾补，哪些动词后面 可以跟分词作宾补。1）Mr. and Mrs. Smith didnt expect the

7、house _ so well. A. to be decorated B. to decorate C. be decorated D. decorating decorate 是及物动词，因此可以排除 B 和 D，C 项缺了不定式的符号 to，因此正确答案 为 A。 2）There was so much noise that the speaker couldnt make himself _. A. hearing B. being heard C. to hear D. heard hear 在本句中是及物动词，据此可以排除 A 和

8、C，B 项选择形式不对，因此 D 是正确 答案。3）The manager has his employees _ a business report every week. A. to write B. written C. writing D. write 答案为 D。have 和 get 后面接宾补时，要用过去分词或无 to 不定式。4）we are going to have our office _ to make room for a new engineer. A. to rearrange B. rearrange C. rearranged D. rear

9、ranging 答案为 C。 3非谓语动词作状语时，尤其是分词作状语时，要注意分词的逻辑主语必须和句子的主语 一致。 例：Arriving at the bus stop, _ waiting there. A. he found a lot of people B. a lot of people were C. he found a lot of peoples D. people were found 根据上面所述， 可以首先排除 B 和 D， 项中的 peoples 结构不对， C 正确答案只能是 A。 4掌握好非谓语动词形式

10、时态和语态的正确使用。如果非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主 要谓语动词所表示的动作之后或同时， 用一般式， 如果非谓语动词表示的动作在主要谓语动 词所表示的动作之前， 则用完成式。 非谓语动词的逻辑主语是动作的发出者还是接受者决定 了应当用主动式还是被动式。 例：The famous novel is said _ into Chinese. A. to have translated B. to be translate C. to have been translated D. to translate 答案为 C。 非谓语动词练习 1. I

11、t is no good _ to come now. He is busy. A. if you ask him B. to ask him C. asking him D. that you ask him 2. He was lucky to escape _ to prison. A. sending B. being sent C. to be sent D. sent 3. The bedroom needs _. A. clean B. to clean C. cleaned D. cleaning 4. His par

12、ents _ last week, the child has no one to look after him. A. having died B. died C. dead D. having dead 5. _ a teacher in the university, it is necessary to have at least masters degree. A. Become B. To become C. One becomes D. Becoming 6. There is a man at the reception desk who

13、 seems very angry and I think he means _ trouble. A. making B. to make C. to have made D. having made 7. I have heard both teachers and students _ well of him. A. to speak B. spoken C. to have spoken D. speak 8. Mrs. Brown is supposed _ for Italy last week. A. to have been l

14、eft B. to be leaving C. to leave D. to have left 9. When _ the education systems of China and Britain, the professor 石家庄装饰 石家庄装修公司 石家庄装修 石家庄装修网 石家庄装饰网 石家庄装饰公司 大连装修公司 大连装修 大连装饰网 大连装饰公司gave no comment. A. being asked to compare B. asked him to compare C. asking him to compare D. asked to com

15、pare 10. You will see this product _ wherever you go. A. to be advertised B. advertise C. advertised D. advertising 练习答案： 1-10 ABDAB BDDAC 从句 考试涉及到的从句主要有四种，分别是定语从句、状语从句（特别是让步状语从句） ，宾语 从句和主语从句。下面分别给同学们提示一些需要注意的问题。 1定语从句 定语从句又分限制性和非限制性定语从句。 考生要特别注意非限制定语从句的用法。 从 形式上看， 限制性定

16、语从句由 who ,whom ,whose ,which ,that 等关系代词或 when ,why, where 等关系副词引导，不用逗号把主句和从句分开。而非限制性定语从句中不会出现 that，而且 要用逗号把主句和从句分开。 1）An old friend from abroad, _ I was expecting to stay with，telephoned me from the airport . A. that B. whom C. who D. Which 这是一个非限制性定语从句，正确答案是 B，因为此处的 whom 是 stay with 的逻辑宾语。

17、60;2）The United States is composed of fifty states, two of _ are separated from the others by land or water. A. them B. that C. which D. those正确答案为 C。在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词前面可能会有介词，在介词前面还可 能有其它限定词，这就更复杂一些，需特别注意。 2状语从句 状语从句有很多种， 让步状语从句是个难点。 让步状语从句主要由以下一些词或词组引导： though, although, even if, even though, whethe

18、ror, no matter wh-(或 how), whatever(whoever, whichever 等)。 1） _，you must show your ticket to go into the cinema.A. No matter whomever you are B. In whomever you are C. Whoever you are D. No matter who are you四个选择项中，A 中的 Whomever 多了 ever，B 项中 in whomever 部分格式不对，D 项 的语序不对，只有 C 是正确的。 2）Young

19、_ he is, he knows what is a right thing to do. A. that B. as C. although D. however正确答案是 B。as 也可以引导让步状语从句，但通常把被强调的形容词或副词等放在句首。 3宾语从句 宾语从句比较简单， 它在主从复合句中充当宾语成份， 通常可以由 that， whether 及 what if, 引导。使用宾语从句时应注意的是，有时可以设 it 为形式宾语，真正宾语是后边的从句。例：I always take it for granted that I am far more intelligent than h

20、e is. 句子的 it 指代的是后边 that 从句的内容。 4主语从句 主语从句在主从复合句中充当主语，可以引导主语从句的词有 what, that 以及 who, why, where, when 等连接代词或连接副词。为避免头重脚轻，特别是在口语中，通常设 it 为形式 主语，与下边这些结构连用。 It is a pity that It is an honor that It is a shame that It is a good thing that It is a fact that It is a surprise that 以及 It is strange tha

21、t It is surprising that It is true 西安装饰 西安装修 西安装修网 西安装修公司 西安装饰公司 会计网校 网校排名 西安家装网 西安家装公司 大连装修网 大连装饰that It is fortunate that It is necessary that It is possible(impossible)that  1) It is desirable that he _. Agives up trying B. give up trying C. would give up trying trying 答案 B。本句也是一种虚

22、拟语气句。2） _ I saw was two men crossing the street. A. What B. Whom C. Who D. That 答案为 A。 D. is going to give up 主谓一致 一致性是指句子成分之间或词语之间在人称、数、性等方面的相互一致关系。我们这里主要 讲主语和谓语的一致。 需要注意以下几点：1. 集合名词作主语时 如表示整体概念，谓语动词须用单数；如表示成员，谓语动词须用复数。例如： The family were watching TV. 全家人在看电视。 My family is

23、a big one. 我家人口多。 常见的这类名词还有 army, audience, class, club, crew, crowd, committee, company, couple, group, government, party, staff, school, team, union, public 等。有些集合名词（如 people, police, youth 等）谓语动词须用复数。如： The police were tracking the murderer. 警察正在追踪凶手。2. 数词和表示时间、度、量、温度、钱额等名词作主语表示一定的量或总和时，谓语动词

24、 多半用单数形式。如： Three hours is enough for us to perform this experiment. 我们做这个实验有三个小时就足够了。 That five thousand dollars is yours. 那五千美金是你的。3. 在“one of +复数名词+定语从句”的结构中，定语从句一般修饰复数名词，所以该从句的 谓语动词要用复数。如： This is one of the longest rivers that have ever been seen. 这是曾见过的最长的河流之一。 He is one of my friends who are

25、lawyers. 我是我当律师的朋友中的一个。4. 由合成代词 some (any, no, every) + thing (body, one) 作主语， 由代词 each, every one, no one, either, neither, another, the other 作主语， 以及由限定词 either, neither, each, every, many a, more than one 等+名词作主语时，谓语动词均用单数形式。如： Nobody knows how many stars there are in the sky. 谁都不知道天上有多少星星。 Neith

26、er answer is correct. 两个答案都不对。 5. 某些连词连接的名词或代词作主语：根据毗邻一致的原则，与邻近的主语一致。这类连 词包括 or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also 等。如： Neither I nor she was awarded the prize. 我和她都没有获奖。 在 there be 存在句中，多数情况下也可根据毗邻一致的原则来决定谓语动词用单数还是复 数。如： There are three patients in the waiting room. 候诊室里有三个病人。There is a d

27、octor and two nurses in the clinic.强调句 陈述句的强调句型： is/ was + 被强调部分 It （通常是主语、 宾语或状语） that/ + who（当强调主语且主语指人）+ 其它部分。 e.g. It was yesterday that he met Li Ping. 他石家庄装饰 石家庄装修公司 石家庄装修 石家庄装修网 石家庄装饰网 石家庄装饰公司 大连装修公司 大连装修 大连装饰网 大连装饰公司是昨天碰见的李平。 注意：1. 构成强调句的 it 本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般只用 that, who，即使在强 调时间状语

28、和地点状语时也如此，that, who 不可省略；强调句中的时态只用两种，一般现在 时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用 It was ， 其余的时态用 It is 。2. not until 句型的强调句 句型为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其它部分 e.g. 普通句：He didnt go to bed until/ till his wife came back. 强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.3. 谓语动词的强调

29、60;1）It is/ was that 结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词 do/ does 或 did。 e.g. Do sit down. 务必请坐。He did write to you last week. 上周他确实给你写了信。Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！ 2）注意：此种强调只用 do/ does 和 did ，没有别的形式；过去时用 did ，后面的谓 语动词用原形。 从句专项练习：1. _ makes mistakes must correct them. A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever 2. He works too hard. That is _ is wrong with hi