中考英语专题08L字部-2020年中考英语复习之重点核心词汇详解

1、2020年中考英语复习之重点核心词汇详解专题八L字部1. labourHZEDn.劳动，劳动力美式拼写：labor关联词组：labour force 劳动力； cheap labour廉价劳工；labour cost人工成本； Labour Day 劳动节用法：labour通常视为不可数名词，可指“劳动，（尤指）体力劳动”；也可以指工人的统称，即“劳工，劳动力”。例如：The price will include the labour and materials.此价格中包含人工费和材料费。a shortage of labour劳动力的短缺关联单词：labourer=laborer n.劳动

2、者，工人；（尤指）体力劳动者工工与由1（2019,吉林卷，阅读 B）65.How do people often celebrate Labor Day in America nowadays?A. By working all day.B. By giving gifts to working people.C. By having fun with friends or family.D. By having a big ceremony.2. land匹匹卧.陆地，土地；v.落地，着陆，登陆关联词组：land use 土里利用；land development 土地开发；land are

3、a陆地区域熟词僻义：land还可作动词，表示“（飞机 /鸟/昆虫）降落，落地”、“（船）着陆，登陆”：The plane landed safely.飞机安全着陆了。The troops landed at dawn.部队已在黎明登陆。关联单词：island n.岛，小岛；farmland n.农田工工不齿1（2019 ,安徽卷，阅读 C） She found a piece of land for sale and bought it with $5,000 she saved from years of babysitting （当临时保姆）.3. large重凄adj大的,巨大的用法：l

4、arge指“（尺寸）大的，大量的“，常用短语有a large number of大量的（修饰可数名词）；a largeamount of大量的（修饰不可数名词）；large还可表示"大型号的"：small/medium/large小/中/大同义词：big adj.大的 反义词：small adj.小的工工£扇（2019 ,浙江卷，阅读 C） The antenna of FAST in Guizhou, China, the latest and largest radio telescope in the world, is 500 metres in diam

5、eter, as large as the size of 30 football fields.4. last|加m adj.最后的；最近刚过去的；v.持续关联词组：at last最后，终于；last year/month/week/night/summer去年/上个月/上周/昨晚/去年夏天；the last minute/moment最后一刻，紧急关头熟词僻义：last还可以作动词，表示“持续”，不用于进行时，后面也不一定要接时间状语。例如：The meeting only lasted a few minutes.会议只开了几分钟。This weather won't last.

6、这种天气持续不了多久。词性转换：lasting adj.持久的，永恒的；lastly adv.最后，终于2 2019 , 江苏卷，阅读 B） Eggs last a long time. You can keep them for about four weeks in your fridge.5. laughEZDv.笑，发笑关联词组：laugh at嘲笑；laughte门t off 一笑而过；laugh out loud大声笑用法：laugh 一般作动词，后面不直接跟宾语，通常接介词 at/about; laugh本身也可作名词，表示指笑的动作：He gave a short laugh.

7、他笑了一声。词性转换：laughter n.笑；笑声；laughable adj.可笑的，高兴的；laughably adv.可笑地再看而I（2019,浙江卷，完形）To his amazement, there was more 15 and more money throwing.15. A. trouble B. anger C. silence D. laughter 6. lawE1及曲n法郎法令；定律关联词组：law school法学院；labor law 劳动法；international law 国际法； company law 公司法用法：Olaw表示“法律（体系）“，是不可

8、数名词，常和 the连用，常见搭配有 by law根据法律；break the law 违法；触犯法律；be against the law违法0 law表示具体的“法规，法令”等，是可数名词：pass a law通过一项法令；strict gun laws严格的枪支法law表示“规律，法则，定律”等，是可数名词：the laws of nature自然规律词性转换：lawful adj.合法的，法定的；lawfullyadv.合法地，守法地；lawyer n.律师（2019,山东卷，动词应用）The police said that both Liu and Ran had broken c

9、riminal law by seriously endangering （危及）public safety.7. lay工无瓯放，搁；下蛋词形变化：过去式laid ,过去分词laid关联词组：lay down放下；制定；lay out摆放；安排；lay off解雇用法：lay的基本意义是“安放，放置”，是及物动词，宾语后面通常跟副词或介词短语：He laid his hand on my shoulder.他把一只手搭在我的肩上。 熟词僻义：lay还可表示“下（蛋）；产（卵）”：The cuckoo lays its eggs in other birds' nests.杜鹃在其他鸟

10、的巢中产蛋。同义词：put v.放工工王石、（2019, 湖北卷，阅读 B） While I was eating, he would lay out my clothes, ,make my bed, and gather my school books up.8. leadHZSv.领导，带领词形变化：过去式led,过去分词led©lead基本意义为“带路,引领”，常见于短语lead the way中，lead后常接副词或介词短语：The manager led the way through the office.经理带路穿过办公室。lead第二层含义表示“领导，率领”：Som

11、e people say she is too old to lead the country.有人说，她年纪太大，领导不了国家。lead to sth.是固定短语，表示“导致，造成（后果）"，相当于cause：Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems.食用过多的糖会引起健康问题。词性转换：leading adj.领导的，主要的；leader n.领导者，首领；leadership n.领导能力；领导阶层 工2I（2019,浙江卷，阅读 B）19. The writer says that buying things.A. c

12、an make people worriedB. can make people nervousC. may lead to sadness for longD. may lead to happiness for a short time9. leave工ZEQv.离开；把留下；剩下上工 7,词形变化：过去式left,过去分词left关联词组：leave sb./sth. alone不打扰，让独自呆着Oleave表示“出发，离开"，leave at+时间点；leave for +地点（出发去某地）Cleave表示“把留在某处”，后接副词或介词短语：Did anybody leave

13、 a jacket behind last night?昨天晚上有哪位忘记拿夹克衫了吗？通常用过去分词left形式表示“剩下，剩余”：We don't have much time left.我们没有多少时间了。易混单词：left adj.左边的；n.左，左边工少齿1（2019, 浙江卷，完形）I wish she would leave us alone. We were in the same summer school and now she thinks we're best friends.10. lendI E；立v.借（出），把借给词形变化：过去式lent,过去分

14、词lent关联词组：lend （sb.） a hand （给某人）搭把手lend a helping hand伸出援助之手，助一臂之力 用法：lend sb. sth.=lend sth. to sb.把某物借给某人：I lent my CD player to Dave.=I lent Dave my CD player. 我把 CD 播放机借给了戴夫。反义词：borrow v.借（来），借用工工£扇（2019,湖北卷，完形）When he was in the hospital, Pineda began 47 music, and wondered if he might be

15、 able to record his ownalbum（音乐专辑）.47. A. writing11. letB. lendingC. sellingD. praisingI后融v.让词形变化：过去式let,过去分词let关联词组：let alone不用说，更不用提；let it go任它去；let go of松手放开，释放；let sb. down让某人失望G） let用作使役动词，表示“让"，后接不带to的动词不定式：Let me have a try.让我试一试。CD当上述不带to的动词后面与副词连用，且意思明确，往往可省略动词，只保留副词。如： let him （come）

16、 in.让他进来。常用let' s d的结构来表达建议；如果是反义疑问句，通常加上shall we结尾。如：Let' s go swimming together, shall w?f们一起去游泳好吗？0 let通常不用被动语态形式，可用be allowed代替。如：They let me leave.或 They allowed me to leave. 或 I was allowed to leave.我获准离开。工 gLTsSl（2019,浙江卷，语法填空）What we can learn 60 the old man is this: if you've lo

17、st a lot over something that doesn work, let itgo and move on.12. lie|甚星BV躺.平卧；说谎；n.谎言 表示“躺，平卧”，为不规则动词。词形变化：过去式lay,过去分词lain ,现在分词lying作不及物动词，不接宾语，常接副词或介词短语作状语。如：He was lying on the bed smoking a cigarette.他正躺在床上抽烟。易混单词：lie的过去式形式lay本身可作动词，表示“放，搁”，是及物动词，要接宾语。试比较：I lay on the bed and tried to relax.我躺在

18、床上，想放松一下。（lie的过去式）She lays the baby on the bed.她把宝宝放到床上。（lay的三单形式）熟词僻义：常用lie in结构表示“位于；存在（于）：The town lies in a small valley.该城镇坐落于一个山谷中。The problem lies in how you see it.问题在于你如何看待它。C2表示“说谎”，为规则动词。词形变化：过去式lied ,过分分词lied,现在分词lying作不及物动词，不直接接宾语，常用搭配有 lie about sth.隐瞒；lie to sb.对撒谎；lie本身也可作名词，表示“谎言，假话

19、"：tell a lie说谎词性转换：liar n.说谎的人，骗子工工至卤1（2019, 北京卷，阅读 B） We know what knowledge lies in other brains or books, and what lies in our heads.13. lightZZDn.Tt,光亮；灯；adj.明亮的；轻的；浅色的；v.点火，点燃名词用法：表示"光，光亮，光线”，为不可数名词：bright light明亮的光线；a beam of light 一束光线表示"灯，光源"，为可数名词： turn on/off the light开

20、/关灯；traffic lights交通灯形容词用法：可表示“明亮的”、“（颜色）浅色的，淡色的”，反义词均为dark：It gets light at about 5 o'clock.大约 5 点钟天就亮了。light blue eyes浅蓝色的眼睛还可表示“（重量）轻的"，反义词为 heavy： Carry this bag it's the lightest.你拿这个包一它最轻。动词用法：词形变化：过去式lit,过去分词lit可表示“照亮，使明亮”或“点燃，点火”，常与介词up连用：There was an explosion and the whole sky

21、 lit up. 一声爆炸照亮了整个天空。I ESL史由（2019,江苏卷，单项填空） 7.Would you please the light ? I can't sleep well with it onA. turn on B. turn off C. turn to D. turn around14. long工工二adj.长的；久远的；adv.长期地，长久地；很久地关联词组： no longer （more）=not any longer （more） 不再； as long as 只要； 和样长作形容词时，可表示长度、距离和时间很长，可用 How long提问长度：How

22、long is the River Nile?尼罗河有多长？Howlose作副词时，常见搭配有before long很快，不久；long ago很久以前；all day/night long整日/夜；以及用long的问句提问持续多久：How long have you been waiting? 你等了多久了 ?词性转换：length n.长度；时间的长短反义词：short adj.（距离，长度或时间）短的血脸（2019,江苏卷，单项填空）2.-Please stay with me this weekend.-I'm sorry, but my father and I planne

23、d Beijing a long time ago.A. visit B. visiting C. to visit D. visited15. lose百互风.丢失，失去；输（掉）删84词形变化：过去式lost,过去分词lost关联词组：lose oneself迷路；沉迷；lose face丢脸；lose control失控；lose touch with与失去联系；weight 减肥;lose interest in 对失去兴趣lose表示“弄丢；失去；丧失”：I' ve lost my key或把钥匙丢了。He ' s lost his jobfc失业了。©lo

24、se表示“输掉（比赛，诉讼，3论等）”，后面可接 by,表示输了多少分等：we lost the game by 10 scores.我们以10分之差输掉比赛。词性转换：loser n.失败者；10ss n.损失；lost adj.迷惑的；失去的：get lost迷路了反义词：win v.赢，胜利；赢得（2019,山东卷，词形转换）63. Our team lost the game because we played very（bad）.16. loudadj.大声的；adv.大声地关联词组：loud speaker扬声器，扩音器；laugh out loud大声笑作副词的loud与loud

25、ly , aloud的区别：G）loud=loudly，但loud一般只与动词speak, talk, laugh, sing等连用，且须放在它们之后；用于比较级时, 通常用loud ,不用loudly。如：Can you speak a little louder?你能不能说的大声点？aloud强调“出声”，而非在心里默默地“说”，通常与动词He began to read the letter aloud?他开始大声念起信来。aloud还可表示“大声地（而不是轻声地）”，通常与动词The pain made him cry aloud.他疼得大叫起来。 反义词：quietlyadv.安静地

26、，轻声地I瞿行（2019,江苏卷，单项填空）9.Could you speak in a loud voice so that I can hear youA. quickly B. happily C. slowly D. clearly 17. loveread, speak, think 连用。如:cry, laugh,shout, call等连用。如:UZESv&n.爱，热爱，很喜欢I E1 掰 mtrue love 真爱为不可数名词，通常在关联词组：fall in love with 爱上；be in love （with）（与）恋爱中；相爱；名词用法：©love指

27、家人或好友之间的“爱，关爱”，或特指情侣之间的“恋爱，爱情”时,后面接介词for,表示“对的爱”：a mother's love for her child母亲对孩子的爱love指具体的所爱之人或物时，为可数名词：He was her first love .他是她的初恋情人。动词用法：Qlove doing sth.表示一种爱好，习惯性的、经常性的；love to do sth.表示具体的、一时性的。如:I love shopping.强调我的爱好。I'd love to go shopping.表示我现在愿意去。常用I' d love to （do sth表示很想做某事：Would you like to come swimming with us?-I 'd love to.你想和我们一起去游泳吗？-我很愿意。词性转换：lovely adj.可爱的；令人愉快的；lover n.爱人；爱好者近义词：like v.喜欢反义词：hate v.讨厌，憎恨（2019,江苏卷，单项填空） 6.Love your parents they are alive. Don't wait until it is too late