临门一脚高考英语热点专题复习阅读理解专题九阅读技巧点拨

1、专题九：阅读技巧点拨一、考点精要【授之以渔】阅读理解题目主要考查考生快速阅读英语短文的能力，要求学生能了解短文的主题思想，抓住短文中所包含的信息，并通过对短文提供的材料进行分析、推理、判断，把握上下文事实、细节之间的时空顺序、逻辑联系及作者的意图、态度、观念和文章的寓意等。考生在做阅读理解的过程中，要注意：1,全面注意，视野开阔。文章、题干、选项结合起来考虑。2 .先略读掌握文章主旨大意，再读题干。了解命题人的命题方式和考查角度。再细读全文搜集有用信息。3 .分析细节，掌握准确的信息，比较选项的异同点，做出准确的判断。4,推理文章的深层含义，揣测作者的真实意图，不能用自己的观点代替作者的观点。

2、5.阅读文章中容许一定量的生词，对于这些生词不必要花过多的时间去考虑。它们有的对文章整体理解，不会构成影响，有的根据上下文的意思可以推断出其意义。考点1,主旨大意题【巧点妙拨】主旨大意题主要考查对文章进行概括或总结的能力，它要求在阅读短文时，能够提炼文章的中心思想，体会作者的写作意图，充分运用逻辑概括能力，透过字里行间获取文章最具代表性的观点、论点以及作者的情感倾向。主旨大意题通常包括：选出文章最佳标题或概括文章或段落大意。解题思路为：（1）寻找主题句，确定文章大意；（2）抓住段落大意，概括中心思想；（3）抓住文章主线和关键词语，归纳文章中心。Facialexpressionscarrymea

3、ningthatisdeterminedbysituationsandrelationships.Forexample,inAmericanculture（文化）thesmileisingeneralanexpressionofpleasure.Yetitalsohasotheruses.Awoman'ssmileatapoliceofficerdoesnotcarrythesamemeaningasthesmileshegivestoayoungchild.Asmilemayshowloveorpoliteness.Itcanalsohidetruefeelings.Itoftenc

4、ausesconfusion（困惑）acrosscultures.Forexample,manypeopleinRussiaconsidersmilingatstrangersinpublictobeunusualandevenimproper.YetmanyAmericanssmilefreelyatstrangersinpublicplaces（althoughthisislesscommoninbigcities）.SomeRussiansbelievethatAmericanssmileinthewrongplaces;someAmericansbelievethatRussiansd

5、on'tsmileenough.InSoutheastAsianculture,asmileisfrequentlyusedtocoverpainfulfeelings.Vietnamesepeoplemaytellasadstorybutendthestorywithasmile.（2012年全国卷C）52.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetest?A.CulturalDifferencesB.SmilesandRelationshipC.FacialExpressivenessD.HabitsandEmotions答案：Co解析：主旨概括题。整篇文章都在讲

6、facialexpressionsfacialexpressiveness,当然面部表情的表现形式与文化背景有关。所以，facialexpressions或facialexpressiveness是文章的主旨。考点2,细节理解题【巧点妙拨】细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。有些问题，考生可以直接从文中找到明确的答案，但有些则需要在理解的基础上将有关信息进行处理，比如计算、排序、判断、比较等。因此此类题一般有两种情况：直接事实题和间接事实题。解题思路为：浏览全文，了解信息，抓住关键词，快速寻找，回读信息，验证答案。Keepyourpetsinsideasmuchasyo

7、ucanwhentheweatherisbad.Ifyouhavetotakethemout,stayoutsidewiththem.Whenyou'recoldenoughtogoinside,theyprobablyaretoo.Ifyoumustleavethemoutsideforalongtime,makesuretheyhaveawarm,solidshelteragainstthewind,thickbedding,andplentyofnon-frozenwater.（2012年全国卷A）42. Whyarepetownersaskedtostaywiththeirpe

8、tswhentheyareoutincoldweather?A.Toknowwhentobringtheminside.B.Tokeepthemfromeatingbadfood.C.Tohelpthemfindshelters.D.Tokeepthemcompany.答案A。解析：细节理解题。由文中的Ifyouhavetotakethemout,stayoutsidewiththem.Whenyou'recoldenoughtogoinside,theyprobablyaretoo.可知，让主人陪着宠物一起在户外的原因就是适时地让它们回到屋里。考点3.词义猜测题【巧点妙拨】词义猜测题

9、是从特定的角度考查考生的阅读理解和处理生词的能力，它包括对词、词组和句意的理解。词义猜测不仅是一项阅读技巧，也是高考阅读能力考查的一个方面。词义猜测题常见的形式：直接对某个陌生的词汇进行理解；对文中的某个代词确认指代的对象；对多义词或短语进行文中含义的精确定义；对英语中的句子进行直接的或解释性的描述。解题思路为：根据定义猜测词义；根据对比、比较关系猜测题义；通过构词法猜测词义。Thehoneyguidedoesnotactuallylikehoney,butitdoeslikethewaxinthebeehives（蜂房）.Thelittlebirdcannotreachthiswax,whi

10、chisdeepinsidethebees'nest.So,whenitfindsasuitablenest,itlooksforsomeonetohelpit.Thehoneyguidegivesaloudcrythatattractstheattentionofbothpassinganimalsandpeople.Onceithastheirattention,itfliesthroughtheforest,waitingfromtimetotimeforthecuriousanimalorpersonasitleadsthemtothenest.Whentheyfinallya

11、rriveatthenest,thefollowerreachesintogetatthedelicioushoneyasthebirdpatientlywaitsandwatches.Someofthehoney,andthewax,alwaysfallstotheground,andthisiswhenthehoneyguidetakesitsshare.（2012年全国卷）61.Whatdothewords"thefollower"inParagraph2referto?A.Abee.B.Abird.C.Ahoneyseeker.D.Abeekeeper.答案Co解析

12、：词义猜测题。根据上下文可知，此处指寻找蜂蜜的动物或人。ahoneyseeker指寻找蜂蜜者。故选Co考点4.推理判断题【巧点妙拨】推理判断题主要考查考生在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断的能力。考查形式为：推断隐含含义；推断作者的观点和态度；推断写作目的和写作意图；推断文章出处；推断文中人物性格态度。解题思路为：抓特定信息推理；整合全文信息进行推理；利用语境进行推断；根据上下文的逻辑思维进行推理；根据文章的结论推断作者的态度。Youmaythinkthatsailingisadifficultsport,butitisreal

13、lynothardtolearnit.Youdonotneedtobestrong.Butyouneedtobequick.Andyouneedtounderstandafewbasicrulesaboutthewind.（2012年全国卷）48.Wherecanyouprobablyfindthetext?A. Inapopularmagazine.B.Inatouristguidebook.C.Inaphysicstextbook.D.Inanofficialreport.答案Ao解析：推测文章出处题。文章第一段开门见山地指出帆船运动不难，只要反应敏捷并了解风向即可，由此可推知本文可能出自

14、通俗杂志”。二、典题对应典题1.Accordingtothedesigner,thelampbrellawouldmoveatarelativelylowspeed,soasnottocauseharmtothepedestrians.Besides,itwouldbegroundedtoprotectfrompossiblelightingstrike.Eachlampbrellawouldofferenoughshelterforseveralpeople.Beinginstalledat2metersofftheground,itwouldonlybeadangerforthetalle

15、stofpedestrians.（2013年山东卷C）69.Whatdoesparagraph5mainlytellusaboutthelampbrella?A.ItsmovingspeedB.ItsappearanceC.ItsinstallationD.Itssafety【命题意图】答案D。解析：主旨概括题。根据本段”soasnottocauseharmtothepedestrians“toprotectfrompossiblelightingstrikelledat2meters0ftltheground,itwouldonlybeadangerforthetallestofpedest

16、rians可以得知，这是“lampbrella的人性化设计，为避雨的行人在安全方面作了充分考虑。故选D。典题2.ThePacificislandnationofNauruusedtobeabeautifulplace.Nowitisanecologicaldisasterarea.Naurueastbreakingstorycouldhaveonegoodconsequenceothercountriesmightlearnfromitsmistakes.Forthousandsofyears,PolynesianpeoplelivedontheremoteislandofNauru,farf

17、romwesterncivilization.ThefirstEuropeantoarrivewasJohnFearnin1798.HewastheBritishcaptainoftheHunter,awhalingship.HecalledtheislandPleasantIsland.（2012山东卷）57.WhatwasNaurulikebeforetheEuropeanscame?A.RichandpowerfulB.ModernandopenC.PeacefulandattractiveD.Greedyandaggressive【命题意图】答案：Co解析：细节理解题。考查对文章特定细

18、节的理解和判断能力。由第二段中的-livedontheremoteislandofNauru和第五段最后一句中的Gradually,thelovelyislandofNaurustartedtolooklikethemoon可知，瑙鲁以前是一个平静美丽的小岛。典题3.Sparrowfailedtogrowforanothertwoyears.UntilanewCEO,CarlPearson,decidedtobuildupitsmarketshare.Hedidasurvey,whichshowedthatconsumerswhoalreadyusedSparrowrestaurantswer

19、eextremelypositiveaboutthechain,whilecustomersofotherfast-foodchainswereunwillingtoturnawayfromthem.Sparrowhadtodevelopanewpromotionalcampaign.（2013年山东卷D）72.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"them"inParagraph2referto?A.CustomersofSparrowrestaurantsB. SparrowrestaurantsC. Customersofotherfast-foodch

20、ainsD. otherfast-foodchains【命题意图】答案：D。解析：词义猜测题。根据单词所在的语境句aconsumerswhoalreadyusedSparrowrestaurantswereextremelypositiveaboutthechain,whilecustomersofotherfast-foodchainswereunwillingtoturnawayfromthem可知，while”表示对比，前后句结构相似：那些Sparrow的顾客对Sparrow连锁很支持，而其他快餐食物连锁的顾客却不愿意离开它们。显然，此处的它们即指其他快餐连锁。典题4.ThedesignersayshecameupwiththeideaafterwatchingpeoplegetwetonstreetsinRussia.Once,IwasdrivingonacentralSaintPetersburgstreetandsawthestreetlampslightinguppeopletryingtohidefromtherain.Ithoughtitwouldbeappropriatetohaveacanopy（伞蓬）builtintoastreetlamp."he201id.年山东卷C)67. WhatdoweknowfromBelyacv&