新视野大学英语3Unit5gracefulhands

1、Graceful HandsLead-inLead-inBackBackPrinter Benjamin Franklin 印刷工人本杰明富兰克林BackBack Good friend, for Jesus sake forbear (克制，忍耐，容忍 ) To dig the dust enclosed here Blest be the men that spares these bones And curst be he that moves my bones 朋友，看在上帝的情分上， 千万别掘此墓， 动土者将受灾， 保护者会得福。 BackBack Pardon me for not

2、 getting up. 请原谅我，我不起来了。BackBackThomas Jefferson Here was burned Thomas Jefferson, author of the Declaration of Independence, of the statute of Virginia for religious freedom and father of the University of Virginia. 这里安葬着托马斯杰弗逊。他是独立宣言的起草人 弗吉尼亚宗教自由法案的起草人和弗吉尼亚大学的创始人。BackBackThe most perfect contracti

3、on.最完美的压缩。BackBack Here lies Maggie, the mule who in her time kicked a general, two colonels, four majors, ten captains, twenty-four lieutenants, forty sergeants, two hundred and twenty privates, and a bomb. 军骡马吉葬在这里。在她的一生中，她踢过一个上将，两个上校，四个少校，十个上尉，二十四个士官，二百二十个士兵和一枚炸弹。BackBackThink If you are allowed

4、to choose one word to describe your whole life on your epitaph, which word would you choose? Why?diligent, beautiful, graceful, intelligent, wise,BackBackProverbs on Death Death frees us from ills. Death pays all debts. Death is common to all. Death is inevitable. Human beings are mortal. Every one

5、has the right to die with dignity.Pre-reading Pre-reading ActivitiesActivitiesBackBackMore are mens ends marked than their lives More are mens ends marked than their lives before: The setting sun, and music at the close, before: The setting sun, and music at the close, as the last of sweets, is swee

6、test last, writ in as the last of sweets, is sweetest last, writ in remembrance more than things long past. remembrance more than things long past. ShakespeareShakespeare人在临终的时候总比他们以往要引人注目。正如夕阳的余辉、人在临终的时候总比他们以往要引人注目。正如夕阳的余辉、乐曲的终了、杯底的美酒一样，留给人的记忆最温馨、最甜蜜乐曲的终了、杯底的美酒一样，留给人的记忆最温馨、最甜蜜、也最久远。、也最久远。 莎士比亚莎士比亚B

7、ackBackHospiceHospiceHospice, in the earliest days, was a concept rooted in the centuries-old idea of offering a place of shelter and rest, or hospitality to weary and sick travelers on a long journey. (（宗教团体开办的）旅客招待所（宗教团体开办的）旅客招待所 )Dame Cicely Saunders at St. Christophers Hospice in London first ap

8、plied the term hospice to specialized care for dying patients in 1967. (（晚期病人的）安养院；收（晚期病人的）安养院；收容所，救济院容所，救济院 )Today, hospice care provides humane and compassionate care for people in the last phases of incurable disease so that they may live as fully and comfortably as possible. BackBack What role c

9、an volunteers play in the great cause of end-of-life care giving?References 1.at the heart of hospice 2.the backbone of the hospice movement 3.an indispensable part of any hospice programBackBack What can volunteers do for the terminally ill patients?Referencesa. Support services - companionship, fr

10、iendly visiting, active listening, bedside sitting, letter writing. b. Sharing hobbies and special interests - reading, gardening, listening to music, sports, travel, crafts, etc. c. Assisting with errands - grocery shopping, picking up prescriptions and supplies, banking. d. Transport patient/famil

11、y- appointments, shopping, social outings.e. Homemaking tasks - light housekeeping, dishes, laundry, meal preparation, child care.BackBack What can volunteers gain from this special experience?Referencesa blessinga constant source of inspirationan honor and a privilegeBackBack1.precede v. 1)在之前发生（或出

12、现）；先于eg: She preceded me in the job. precede sth. with sth. 以开始（或引导）eg: She preceded her speech with a smile.3.decay v. 1)（使）腐烂；腐朽eg: decaying leaves / teeth / food 2)（建筑、地方等）破败，衰落，衰败eg: The inner city has decayed. 3)（力量、影响等）衰弱，衰减。减退eg: The standards of morality have slowly decayed. asasconj.conj.ad

13、n.prep.prep.固定用法固定用法引导定语从引导定语从句句引导引导时间时间状语从状语从句句引导引导原因原因状语状语从从句句引导引导让步让步状语从状语从句句引导引导方式方式状语状语从从句句引导引导比较比较状语从句状语从句PRACTICEPRACTICE2.As的用法一、作副词 “相同地”，“同样地”。They dont have as many airplanes. 他们没有同样多的飞机。 As before he remained unmoved. 他和以往一样无动于衷. The “h” is silent as in “hour”. 在hour这个词中, h

14、不发音.1.1.引导时间状语从句引导时间状语从句John was having his dinner when I saw him. 当我看到约翰的时候，他正在吃饭。当我看到约翰的时候，他正在吃饭。She can write only when the baby is asleep. 只有婴儿睡着的时候，她才能写作。只有婴儿睡着的时候，她才能写作。We must strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。趁热打铁。While we were reading, the teacher came in. 我们正在读书的时候，老师我们正在读书的时候，老师走了进来。走了进来

15、。The girl dances as she sings on the stage.那个女孩在舞台边唱歌边跳舞。那个女孩在舞台边唱歌边跳舞。 He looked behind from time to time as he went forward. 当他朝前走时，不时地向后看。当他朝前走时，不时地向后看。 As time went on / by, she became more and more worried. 随着时间的流逝，她变得越来越焦虑。随着时间的流逝，她变得越来越焦虑。 As he grew older, he became more intelligent. 随着他年龄的增

16、长，他变得更有才智了。随着他年龄的增长，他变得更有才智了。 I thought of it just as you opened your mouth. 恰好在你开口时，我想到了它。恰好在你开口时，我想到了它。2. 2. 引导原因状语从句引导原因状语从句 because 语气最强语气最强, 用于回答用于回答why 提出的或人们不知道的问题；提出的或人们不知道的问题； as，一般放句首，语气弱，口语化，说明比较明显的原因；，一般放句首，语气弱，口语化，说明比较明显的原因； since书面语中，表对方已知的、或稍加分析便可得知的原因，有时译书面语中，表对方已知的、或稍加分析便可得知的原因，有时译作

17、作“既然既然”。 for 表附加的解释、说明或推理。不放句首表附加的解释、说明或推理。不放句首 I do it because I like it. He didnt go to school because he was ill. As she has been ill perhaps shell need some help. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.3. 3. 引导让步状语从句引导让步状语从句“虽然，尽管虽然，尽管”，although语气稍正式些，可放在句首，句中，不能再用语气稍正式些，可放在句首，句中，

18、不能再用but，但可以用，但可以用yet；as所表示的语气较强，引导的让步状语从句用倒装语序；所表示的语气较强，引导的让步状语从句用倒装语序；however引导让步状语从句时，后面可跟形容词或副词，也要用倒装语引导让步状语从句时，后面可跟形容词或副词，也要用倒装语序。序。Although they are poor they are happy.Angry as he was, he managed to speak calmly. However hard the question is, he can answer it. 注意：当as引导让步状语从句时，句子的倒装语序有以下三种形式：(1

19、). 形容词或副词+as+主语+连系动词be或实义动词。例如：Rich as he is, he never spends a cent on clothes. Much as I admire his courage, I dont think he acted wisely. (2). 名词+as+主语+连系动词be (注意句首的名词不带冠词)。Child as he is, he knows a lot. Boy as he was, he was chosen king. 。(3). 实义动词+as+主语+助动词Try as he may, he never succeeds.Chan

20、ge your mind as you will, you will gain no additional support. 4. 4. 引导方式状语从句，引导方式状语从句， “如如”，“像像”，“按照按照的方式的方式 Remember, you must do everything as I do. 记住，你必须按照我做的那样做一切。记住，你必须按照我做的那样做一切。 注意：注意：like在非正式语体中可以有与在非正式语体中可以有与as相同的用法相同的用法. I cant sing like I used to. 我不能像以前那样唱歌了。我不能像以前那样唱歌了。 He writes just

21、 like his brother did when he was young. 他现在写文章正像他哥哥年轻时写文章一样。他现在写文章正像他哥哥年轻时写文章一样。5.5. 引导比较状语从句引导比较状语从句用于用于“as.as.或或not so/ as.as.”中中,前一个前一个as是副词是副词,后一个后一个as是连词，是连词， “如如(不如不如)一样一样”。 I dont speak English so/ as well as he does. 注意：句中连词注意：句中连词as后面的代词实际是省略了与主句相同的部分，后面的代词实际是省略了与主句相同的部分，At your age you ca

22、nt expect to play football as well as me (= as I do). You hate her as much as you hate me. 你恨她像恨我一样深你恨她像恨我一样深.三、作代词三、作代词(1). 用于用于the same.as结构中结构中(2). 用于用于such.as结构中结构中(3). 用于用于“so +adj. + a/an + n. (单数单数) + as ”This is the same watch as I have lost. 这块手表跟我丢失的那块一样。这块手表跟我丢失的那块一样。I dont like such nove

23、ls as you recommend. 我不喜欢你推荐的那些小说。我不喜欢你推荐的那些小说。I am not so strong a man as I was. 我已经没有从前那么强壮了。我已经没有从前那么强壮了。2. as单独引导定语从句单独引导定语从句 as单独引导定语从句时，单独引导定语从句时，先行词先行词可以是一个可以是一个词词，也可以是一个，也可以是一个句句子子或或短语短语。 She is late, as is often the case. 她迟到了，这是经常的事。她迟到了，这是经常的事。(先行词是整个主句先行词是整个主句) To shut your eyes to facts

24、, as many of you do, is foolish. 对事实视而不见对事实视而不见-你们好多人都是如此的愚蠢。你们好多人都是如此的愚蠢。(先行词是不定式先行词是不定式)四、作介词，四、作介词， 1. 1. 表示表示 “好像好像( (某人某人) )” 2. 2. 表示表示“作为，当作作为，当作”， 3. 3. 表示表示“当某人是当某人是( (某身份某身份) )时。时。 4. 4. 表示表示“因某人是因某人是( (某身份某身份) )”， They entered the building disguised as cleaners. 他们化装成清洁工人的模样进入大楼。他们化装成清洁工人

25、的模样进入大楼。 I found a job as a teacher. 我找了一份教师的工作我找了一份教师的工作 As a child, she was sent to three different countries. 她儿时去过三个不同的国家。她儿时去过三个不同的国家。 As her private secretary he has access to all her correspondence. 他是她的私人秘书，能接触到她所有的信件。他是她的私人秘书，能接触到她所有的信件。 as引导的介词短语大多用引导的介词短语大多用作状语作状语，as译为译为“作为作为”， As a Party

26、 member, Ill take the lead in everything. (状语状语) Tom has me as one of his best friends. (引起宾语补足语引起宾语补足语) as “以实际的身份或地位以实际的身份或地位”。 like “与与相似，以与相似，以与相类似的方式相类似的方式”。 He spoke as a teacher. 他作为老师发言他作为老师发言./他以老师的身份发言他以老师的身份发言. He spoke like a teacher. 他讲话很像是老师他讲话很像是老师”。五、用于一些固定搭配五、用于一些固定搭配 1. as good as差

27、不多，几乎差不多，几乎 2. suchas, such as 像像这样的这样的 3. such as 例如例如 4. as for=with regard to sb/ sth. 至于某人（某事物）至于某人（某事物） 5. as to=as regards sth. 至于某事物；提到某事物至于某事物；提到某事物 6. so as to 以便以便, 为了为了 7. as a matter of fact 事实上，其实事实上，其实 8. as a result 作为结果作为结果 9. as a result of 由于由于/作为作为的结果的结果 10.as a rule 通常；一般说来通常；一般说

28、来 11.as a whole 总体上总体上 as far as 那么远，直到；达到那么远，直到；达到程度；程度； as far as I know/can see 就我所知就我所知/依我看依我看 so/as far as sb/sth. is concerned 就就sb/sth.而言而言 as follows 如下如下 as if /though 好象，仿佛好象，仿佛 as long as 达达之外，长达之外，长达 as long as 只要只要 as much as 尽尽那样多；差不多那样多；差不多 as soon as 一一就就 as soon as possible 尽快尽快 as

29、usual 像往常一样，照例像往常一样，照例 as well 也，同样，不妨也，同样，不妨(句尾）句尾） as well as (除除之外之外)也，既也，既又又 as.as. 象，如同，与象，如同，与一样一样 as many as / as much as think of as treatas consideras work as act as be well-known as4.sour adj. 1)酸的；有酸味的 n. sournesseg: sour apples 2)酸腐的；馊的eg: to turn / go sour 3)（人）阴郁的；闷闷不乐的；没好气的eg: a sour

30、face / smile v.（使）变坏；恶化eg: The disagreement has soured their friendship. vinegar 醋 vinegary adj. 醋的；酸的；有醋味的5.reach for 伸出以触及6.pit n. 1)深洞；深坑; 煤矿；矿井eg: We dug(dig) a deep pit in the yard. 2) the pit of your / the stomach 心窝；心底 v. pit sb./sth. against sth. 使竞争；使较量；使经受考验7.switch v. 1)（使）改变；转变；突变eg: swi

31、tch sth.( over / from sth.) to sth. 2)交换；掉换；转换；对调 switch sth. with sth.eg: I switch my glass with hers. 3)调班；换班eg: Will you switch with me? n. 1)开关；闸； eg: a light switch8.skeleton n. 1)骨骼；骨架；骨骼标本eg: The disease has reduced her to a skeleton. 2)梗概；提纲；提要；轮廓 3) staff, crew, etc. 基干人员eg: There will only

32、 be a skeleton staff on duty over the holiday.9.loose adj. 1)未固定的；松动的；松散的；零散的eg: a loose button / tooth / hair 2)不结实的；不坚固的；疏松的eg: loose soil v. 1)释放；放任；不受约束 2)松开；放开10.tape v. 1)把录在磁带上 tape sth. 2)用胶带粘住；用带子系紧 tape sth. up 3)用绷带包扎 tape sth. up11.secure v. 1)获得；取得；实现eg: secure a contract / a place / vo

33、tes 2)栓牢；扣紧；关严 secure sth. to sth.eg: She secured the rope to the back of bike. 3)保护；保卫；使安全 secure sth. (against sth.)eg: secure ones future12.fluid adj. 1)流动的；液体的 2)流畅优美的 fluid dancing / piano playing / song13.sunken (sink v.) adj. 1)沉没的；沉入水底的； a sunken ship 2)凹陷的；深陷的 sunken eyes14.even adj. 1)平的；平

34、滑的；平坦的 2)均匀的；均等的；相等的eg: Our scores are even now. 3)镇静的；稳重的；平和的；温和的eg: She has a very even temperature.15.feel for 摸索着寻找；对（某人）产生某种感情 16.scarce adj. 缺乏的；不足的；稀少的 eg: scarce resources scared adj. 害怕的；恐惧的；担心的 be scared of sb. / sth. (doing sth.) sacred adj. 宗教的；神圣的；受崇敬的，值得崇敬的；有宗教性质的 17.moisture n.水分；湿气；潮

35、湿 moist adj.湿润的；潮湿的 moisten v.（使）变得潮湿；变得湿润18.slide v. 1)（使）滑行；滑动eg: We slid down the grassy slope. 2)降低；衰落 slide from to n.幻灯片过去式：slid 过去分词：slid slidden 19.ease v. 1)（使）宽慰；减轻；减缓eg: This should help ease the pain. It would ease my mind to know that she was safe. 2)缓和；放松20.procedure n. 程序；手续；步骤 proced

36、ure for sth.21.manage v. 1)处理；解决；应付; 设法做到; 成功完成 eg: manage with sth. / manage to do sth. 2)凑活着活下去；支撑 manage on sth.eg: He has to manage on 50 yuan a week. 3)管理；负责22.liquid n. 液体 adj.1)液体的；液态的； eg: liquid soap 2)清澈的，明亮的，晶莹的；清脆的；流畅的eg：liquid blue eyes / the liquid sound23.go about (sth.)继续做某事；忙于做某事，着手

37、/开始做某事eg: Lets go about the work vide v.1)提供；供应；给予 provide sb.(with sth.) / provide sth. (for sb)eg: The goverment should provide free service for the public. 2)规定；法律；规则（that）eg: The final principle provides that 25.famine n. 饥荒；饥饿；极度缺乏eg: a severe famine / famine relief / widesprea

38、d famine26.lid n.盖；盖子eg: I cant get the lid off this cup. keep the lid on sth.守口如瓶；遮掩；隐瞒 / 控制；抑制 lift the lid on sth. / take the lid off sth.27.rub v.1)擦；磨；搓；（使）相互摩擦 rub sth. (with) sth.eg: She rubbed her chin thoughtfully. 2)涂；抹；搽eg: She rubbed lotion into her skin.28.free adj. 不受限制的；不受约束的；无阻碍的；畅通的

39、 freely adv.29.outline n. 1)概述；梗概 eg: This is a brief outline of the event. 2)略图；草图 eg: an outline map / sketch v.1)概述；略述 eg: We outlined our proposals to the committee. 2)勾勒；描画 eg: I briefly outlined the huge building.30.perfectly adj. 1)完美的；完备的；完全的； 2)完全正确的；准确的；地道的 3)优秀的；最佳的；极好的；很好的 adv. 1)完全地；非常；

40、十分eg: Its perfectly normal to feel like this. 2)完美地；完好地；圆满地eg: It fits perfectly.31.not until用法总结用法总结 基本结构 强调句结构 倒装句结构We did not get off the bus until it stopped.基本结构：基本结构：主句主句从句从句直到车停了，我们才下了公交车。直到车停了，我们才下了公交车。Not until 的基本结构not 主句句 + + untiluntil +从句句Not until 在强调句中It was not until _that _We did no

41、t get off the bus until it stopped.it stoppedwe got off the bus主句主句从句从句肯定形式肯定形式强调句结构：It is/was not until + 从句从句 + +that +主句主句例：直到我成为我们班的班长，我才意识到团队合作的重要性。例：直到我成为我们班的班长，我才意识到团队合作的重要性。1、用not until的基本结构翻译I did not realize the importance of team work until I became monitor of our class.2、用It is/was not u

42、ntil 从句 that.结构表示It was not until _that_Not until 在倒装句中倒装结构：Not until +从句 + 倒装的主句 We did not get off the bus until it stopped.Not until _ _it it stoppedstopped did wedid we get off get off the busthe bus倒装倒装 we did get off we did get off the busthe bus从句主句Not until two days after earthquake _(她发现)he

43、r mother alive. (find)解题步骤：判断句型： Not until 在句首考倒装。2.回忆结构：Not until 从句+倒装的主句she found she found her mother aliveher mother alivedid she find did she find her mother aliveher mother alive倒装倒装Not until 用法总结基本结构： not + 主句+ until + 从句 强调句结构：It is/was not until + 从句+that + 主句倒装句结构: Not until + 从句 + 倒装的主句主

44、倒从不倒主倒从不倒直到她摘掉眼镜，我才认出来她是明星。直到她摘掉眼镜，我才认出来她是明星。I did not realize she was a star until she took off her glasses.强调句结构强调句结构It was not until she took off her glasses that I realized she was a star.倒装句结构倒装句结构Not until she took off her glasses did I realize she was a star.主句倒装主句倒装32.hint n. 1)暗示；提示； eg: Ca

45、n you give me a hint? 2)征兆；迹象； eg: At the first hint of trouble, they left. 3)一丝；少量； eg: a hint of smile 4)秘诀；窍门； eg: a hint / hints on sth33.as though 和as if : as though 是书面语比as if正式，意思上没有区别。eg: He treats me as if /as though I were a stranger.34.sense v. 感觉到；意识到；觉察到eg: Sensing danger, they started

46、to run.35.curl v. 1)卷；（使）卷曲； curl upeg: She curled up and closed her eyes. 2)撅起（嘴唇） eg：curl ones lip / ones lip erval n. （时间上的）间隔；间隙；间歇eg: The interval between two classes is 10 minutes.37.shallow adj. 1) 浅的 eg: The water is quite shallow. 2)(指人、作品、思想)浅薄的；肤浅的 3)（呼吸）浅的；微弱的eg: He was breath

47、ing shallowly.38.swell（swelled, swolen） v. 1)膨胀；肿胀 swell upeg: Her arm was beginning to swell up where the bee had stung her. 2)（使）凸出；鼓出 swell sth. outeg: The wind swelled out the sails 3)（使）增加；增大；扩大eg: Membership has swelled to over 2000. 4)充满（激情） swell with sth.39.privilege n. 1)特殊利益；优惠待遇；特权；特殊待遇e

48、g: Education should be a universal right and not a privilege. 2)荣幸；荣耀；光荣eg: It was a great privilege to hear her sing.40.spare adj. 1)不用的；闲置的eg: Im afraid I havent got any spare cash. 2)备用的；外加的eg: a spare key / tyre / clothes 3)空闲的；空余的eg: He is studying music in his spare time. v. 1)抽出；拨出；留出；匀出eg: C

49、an you spare a feww minutes for me? 2)省去；免去eg: She wants to spare her mothers pain. 3)饶恕；赦免；放过；41.equip v. 1)装备；配备 equip sth. with sth. 2)使有所准备；使具备能力 equip sb. with sth. for sth.eg: This course is designed to equip students for a job.42.have sb. do sth. (make/let sb do sth. ) 让某人做某事,强调一次性的动作。 have s

50、b / sth. doing sth是指让某人一直做某事，强调动作的持续性、连续性或者动作的反复性 have sth. done 让被做eg: I will have someone repair the bike for you. Youd better have your car runing slowly.eg: We just had the machine repaired.43.associate v. 联想；联系 eg: associate sb./sth. with sb./sth. n.同事；伙伴 eg: business associate adj.非正式的；副的 eg:

51、associate director / membership44.concert n. 音乐会；演奏会 in concert with sb. / sth. 与合作（或同心协力） concerted adj.努力的；共同筹划决定的；同心协力的；eg: a concerted approach / attack / campaign / effort谢谢观赏1.promising adj.有前途的，有希望的，前景很好的2.vigorous adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的；活跃的；积极的 vigor n.体力;精力;活力 3.screw n. 螺丝钉4.go up to 进；入；去 eg: Go

52、 up to your room! / go up to London 5.deliberate adj. 故意的；蓄意的；深思熟虑的；慎重的6.vapor n. 水汽，水蒸气7.so that 以便；结果，以致；8.germ n.细菌；病菌9.license v. 同意；批准；许可 10.startle v. (使)震惊; (使)大吃一惊; (使)惊吓11.approach v. 1)靠近；接近；走近 2)探讨；处理；对待 3)（某事）临近；来临 sth. approaches 4)与接洽；找商量 approach sb. about sth. n.1)路径;途径;道路 the approa

53、ch to sp.2)方法;态度;手段 the approach to (doing) sth.12.confident adj. 确信的，深信的；有信心的，沉着的；13.regardless adv. 不顾后果地;不管怎样;无论如何;不顾一切地 regardless of 不顾；不管；不论 eg: regardless of religion, colour, race14.survive v. 比活得久;比长寿 surrvive sb.15.set about (doing) sth. 开始做某事e about 产生;发生 come across 偶然发现;偶然遇见17.lifespan

54、n. （人、动植物的）寿命; （产品等的）预期使用期限；18.desirable adj. 令人满意的；称心的；受欢迎的19.call for 要求；需求；号召；呼吁 20.divide v.（使）分开；（使）分散;（使）分裂 divide into 21.thank to 幸亏， 多亏， 由于 due to 由于；因为；应归功于；应归咎于；22.in part 在某种程度上，部分地； in short 简而言之，总之；一句话；23.take place 发生，举行 take effect 生效，奏效 take back 收回;退回;归还 take away 拿走;夺走24.absent-minded adj. 健忘的，心不在焉的，漫不经心的25.withdrawn adj. 孤僻的，离群的；偏僻的26.promptly adv. 敏捷地；迅速地；立即地；27.unfavorable adj. 不利的；令人不快的；不吉利的；相反的；反对的28.customary adj.习惯的；通常的；习俗的，惯例的29.it is expected that 预计；预估30.inferiority n. 劣势；下等；自卑 inferior adj. 低劣的；下级的；下等的；下面的31.unlike adj. 不