4-5Learningaboutlanguage

1、Phrases1add upcalm downhave got tobe concerned aboutwalk the doggo through合计合计平静下来平静下来不得不不得不; 必须必须关心关心; 挂念挂念遛狗遛狗经历经历; 经受经受revision:Phrases2cheat in exammake a list of reasons be crazy aboutfar too much/manyhold sb entirely in ones powerget along with考试作弊考试作弊列出理由列出理由对对狂热狂热; 爱好爱好太多太多控制住控制住/摆布某人摆布某人与与相

2、处；进展相处；进展Phrases3hide awayset downa series of on purposein order toface to face躲藏躲藏; 隐藏隐藏放下；记下放下；记下; 登记登记一连串的一连串的; 一系列一系列; 一套一套故意故意为了为了面对面地面对面地1. They hid there for almost two years and never dared go out.2. We tried to calm him down, but he kept shouting.3. Dont laugh at him. Sometimes you are not

3、able to do as well as he (does).4. In the early 20th century, China went through too many wars.5. The children havent been outdoors all day. Let them play outdoors for a while.6. Please use the word to make a sentence according to the situation given.7. This series of readers is very interesting.8.

4、The man saved the girl from the river and her mother was very grateful.9. Mr Jones lives alone and often feels lonely.10. We communicate with each other by Internet.WB P41 Ex2:The shoes are too big for me.What did he say?He said the shoes were too big for him.基本概念基本概念直接引述直接引述别人的原话。别人的原话。通常都用通常都用引号引号

5、“”“”括起括起来。来。用自己的话把别人的用自己的话把别人的话话转述转述出来。间接引出来。间接引语在多数情况下都构语在多数情况下都构成一个成一个宾语从句宾语从句。直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语直接引语直接引语 和和间接引语间接引语PresentationBoys act one cartoon figure and says something.Teacher asks “What did he/she say?”Girls act the other cartoon figure and answer the teachers question. Then boys and girls e

6、xchange.She said she had been to many countries.She said she would call on you the next day.I am good at dancing.I have been to many countries.I will call on you tomorrow.I visited the Great Wall yesterday.She said she had visited the Great Wall the day before.She said she was good at dancing.结论一结论一

7、直接引语是陈述句直接引语是陈述句, ,变为间接引变为间接引语时用连词语时用连词thatthat引导宾语从句引导宾语从句. .从句中的从句中的人称人称, ,时态时态, ,指示代词指示代词, ,时间状语时间状语, ,地点状语地点状语等相应变化等相应变化. .解题步骤解题步骤: : 1.1.陈述句陈述句: :“I dont like computers,” Sarah said to her friends.Sarah said to her friends that I dont likecomputers.saiddidntsheSarah said to her friends that sh

8、e didnt like computers.SarahDo you like flowers?She asked me whether/if I liked flowers?结论二结论二直接引语是疑问句，变间接引语时，直接引语是疑问句，变间接引语时，要从要从疑问语序疑问语序变为变为陈述语序陈述语序。直接引语是直接引语是一般疑问句一般疑问句,变为间接引语变为间接引语时时,用连词用连词if或或whether连接。连接。直接引语是直接引语是特殊疑问句特殊疑问句,变为间接引语变为间接引语时时,仍用仍用原来的疑问词原来的疑问词作连词来引导。作连词来引导。2.一般疑问句一般疑问句:Is it easy

9、to improve the condition of the soil?( They asked him )They asked himifIt is easy to improve the condition of the soil.it is easy to improve the condition of the soil.askediswasThey asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.3.特殊疑问句：When do you harvest the wheat ?( They asked him

10、)They asked himWhenyou harvest the wheatyou harvest the wheat.harvestedThey asked him when he harvested the wheat.He ordered/told me to be quiet!Be quiet!He ordered/told me not to make noise.Dont make noise!Follow me, please!He asked me to follow him.结论三结论三直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语，把直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语，把动词原形动词原形变

11、成变成动词不定式动词不定式，否定句否定句，在，在动词不定式前加动词不定式前加notnot或或nevernever. .并根据语气的不同在动词不定前加并根据语气的不同在动词不定前加tell, tell, ask, order ,beg ask, order ,beg ，adviseadvise等动词。等动词。口诀说明直接引语间接引语1、人称的变化、人称的变化一一随随主主二随宾二随宾第三第三人称人称不变不变引号内的第一人引号内的第一人称变间引后与主称变间引后与主句主语的人称保句主语的人称保持一致持一致引号内的第二人引号内的第二人称变间引后与主称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保句宾语的人称保持一致持一致引

12、号内的第三人引号内的第三人称在变间引后人称在变间引后人称不变称不变She said,“ I like Tennis.”She said that she liked tennis.He said to Lily,“ you must get up early.”He told Lily that she must get up early.She said to me ,“ They want tohelp him.”She told me that they wanted tohelp him.：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新直接引语直接引语 间接引语间接引语一

13、般现在时一般现在时 一般过去时一般过去时 现在进行时现在进行时 过去进行时过去进行时一般过去时一般过去时 过去完成时过去完成时现在完成时现在完成时 过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般将来时 过去将来时过去将来时The teacher said, “ The sun is bigger than the earth.”The teacher said that the sun is bigger than the earth.特殊特殊: 直接引语若是客观真理直接引语若是客观真理,变为间接变为间接引语时引语时,时态不变时态不变.2 2、时态的变化、时态的变化 直接引语直接引语 间接引语间接引语指示

14、代词指示代词 时时 间间 状状 语语 地点状语地点状语 方向性动词方向性动词 this, that, these those now, then, today that day this week that week yesterday the day before last week the week before four days ago four days before the day before yesterday two days before tomorrow the next daynext month the next month here there come, go,b

15、ring take 、其他特殊变化3直接引语中的助动词直接引语中的助动词 间接引语中的助动词间接引语中的助动词shallshallshouldshouldshouldshouldShouldShould（不变）（不变）willwillwouldwouldwouldwouldWouldWould（不变）（不变）maymaymightmightmightmightMightMight（不变）（不变）cancancouldcouldcouldcouldCouldCould（不变）（不变）mustmustMust/had toMust/had to注意事项注意事项1)1)人称人称2)2)时态时态 3)

16、3)相应的时间地点状语相应的时间地点状语4)4)标点符号标点符号5)5)大小写大小写6)6)问号改为句号问号改为句号7)7)语序语序-疑问改陈述疑问改陈述8)8)宾语从句由什么引出宾语从句由什么引出9)9)祈使句要使用动词不定式祈使句要使用动词不定式 来引述来引述Role PlayGroup work. Three students a group. One says something (please try to use the words and expressions learned in this unit), one asks, the third told the rest st

17、udents what they said in Indirect Speech.4. “Why were you late again?” The teacher said to me.The teacher asked me why I was late again.实战演练实战演练1. He said , “I m afraid I cant finish this work.”2.He said , “I havent heard from him since May.” 3.Tom said “I will see you next week.” He said that he wa

18、s afraid he couldnt finish that work.He said that he hadnt heard from him since May.Tom said that he would see me the next week.Sarah said she didnt like swimming.5. “I dont like swimming,” said Sarah.1.The teacher said，“Dont be late，Mary. ” The teacher told _. A. Mary not to be late B. Mary to be n

19、ot late C. Mary are not late D. not to be late2. He asked her，“Where are you going?” He asked her _. A. where she were going B. where she was going to C. where she was going D. where she is going巩固提高巩固提高3. The lady said，“I shall go there on time. ” The lady said that _. A. she would come there on ti

20、me B. she would come here on time C. she would got here on time D. he would got here on time4. He said to me，“I wrote to my father yesterday. ” He told me he had written to his father _. A. the yesterday B. before today C. the day before D. the next day5. The teacher asked，“Are you waiting for the b

21、us?” The teacher asked _ for the bus. A. if I was waiting B. was I waiting C. you are waiting D. I was waiting6. The professor said that light _ faster than sound. A. travels B. traveled C. travel D. traveled7. My mother asked me to show my homework to her. My mother said to me，“Show _ homework. ” A

22、. her my B. me your C. her your D. me his8. Its hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall9. I wonder how he _ that to the teacher. A. dar

23、e to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared sayHOMEWORK1. SB P5Exx1,22. Go over what we learnt today.3. Work in groups of four. Design a questionnaire to find out what kind of friends your classmates are. (optional)RevisionGrammar: Direct and Indirect Speech (1)1. 转述他人的陈述转述他人的陈述陈述句陈述句 She asked

24、 me what I was doing.1) He said , “Im going to Beijing.” He said that he was going to Beijing.2) He asked, “Are you a teacher?” He asked me if /whether I was a doctor.3) She said , “What are you doing?”2. 转述他人的疑问转述他人的疑问一般疑问句一般疑问句3. 转述他人的问题转述他人的问题特殊疑问句特殊疑问句 直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化 He said, “I have been to

25、 the Great Wall. ” He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall. He said, “Ill give you an examination next Monday. ” He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday. 一般疑问句一般疑问句 He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?” He asked (me) whether/if I had any difficult

26、y with my pronunciation. He said, “You are interested in English, arent you?” He asked whether I was interested in English. 特殊疑问句特殊疑问句 He said to me，“Whats your name?” He asked me what my name was. He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?” He asked us how many car factor

27、ies had been built in our country. 选择疑问句选择疑问句 He asked, “Do you speak English or French?” He asked me whether I spoke English or French. I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?” I asked him whether he would take bus or take train. 直接引语直接引语 间接引语间接引语指示指示代词代词 时时 间间 状状 语语 地点状语地点状语 方向性动词方向性动词 this, th

28、at, these those now, then, today that day this week that week yesterday the day before last week the week before four days ago four days before the day before yesterday two days before tomorrow the next daynext month the next month here there come, go,bring take 5. 注意地点的变化注意地点的变化1. 注意时态的变化注意时态的变化2.

29、注意人称变化。注意人称变化。3. 注意指示代词的变化注意指示代词的变化4. 注意时间的变化注意时间的变化6. 注意个别趋向动词的变化注意个别趋向动词的变化 Direct indirect Presentpast Past past and past perfect Present perfect past perfect Past perfectpast perfectThe geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.谓语动词时态变化需要注意几点：谓语动词时态变化需要注意几点：1.

30、 1.直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语时，直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变时态不变The geography teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.”She says that shell never forget the days in the country.2. 如果直接引语所表述的内容在目前和说话时如果直接引语所表述的内容在目前和说话时同样有效，变间接引语时，时态可不变同样有效，变间接引语时，时态可不变The children said, “We love this game.

31、”They told us that they love that game.3.主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态，在引述时，主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态，在引述时，时态不变。时态不变。She says, “Ill never forget the days in the country.”1. 1. 当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候 2. 2. 当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时语时 3. 3. 当直接引语中有以当直接引语中有以when, whilewhen, while引导的从引导的从句，表示过去的时间时句，表示过去的时间时 4

32、. 4. 当引语是谚语、格言时当引语是谚语、格言时5. 5. 当直接引语中有情态动词当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need时时 从句时态无须改变的还有以下情况从句时态无须改变的还有以下情况: :Exercises:1. He said , “I m afraid I cant finish this work.”2.He said , “I havent heard from him since May.” 3.Tom said “I will

33、 see you next week.” He said that he was afraid he couldnt finish that work.He said that he hadnt heard from him since May.Tom said that he would see me the next week.4. “Why were you late again?” The teacher said to me. 5. “I dont like swimming,” said Sarah. 6. His friends asked him if he would go to Dalian.7. “Have you been to Paris?” My classmate asked me.The teacher asked me why I was late again.Sarah said she didnt like swimming.His friends asked him, “Will you go to Dalian?”My classmate asked me if I had been to Paris.1. Readers can _ quite well without knowing t