高三定语从句讲解

1、1. 时间时间状语从句状语从句2. 地点地点状语从句状语从句3. 原因原因状语从句状语从句4. 条件条件状语从句状语从句5. 让步让步状语从句状语从句6. 目的目的状语从句状语从句7. 结果结果状语从句状语从句8. 方式方式状语从句状语从句9. 比较比较状语从句状语从句九种常用的状语从句及九种常用的状语从句及其常用的其常用的连接词连接词 when, while, as, before, after, till, until, notuntil, the first/second/last time, as soon as, the moment, the minute, the instant

2、, immediately, directly, instantly, hardlywhen, scarcelywhen, no soonerthan 1.时间状语从句时间状语从句九种常用的状语从句及其常用的连接词九种常用的状语从句及其常用的连接词 2.地点状语从句地点状语从句where, wherever 3.原因状语从句原因状语从句because, since, as, for, now that, seeing( that), considering( that) 4.比较状语从句比较状语从句than, asas, not so/asas, the +比较级比较级, the +比较级比较

3、级 if, unless, as(so) long as, in case, on condition that, suppose(that), supposing(that), provided(that), providing(that) although, though, even though/if, as, while, no matter which/what/when/where/who/how, whichever, wherever, whatever, whoever, whenever, however, whetheror；even if/though 5.条件状语从句

4、条件状语从句6.让步状语从句让步状语从句7.结果状语从句结果状语从句so, so that, sothat, suchthat 8.目的状语从句目的状语从句so that, in case, for fear that, in order that9.方式状语从句方式状语从句 as, as if/as though 连接词连接词when的用法小结的用法小结1. when可用来引导时间状语从句，意为可用来引导时间状语从句，意为“当当的时候的时候”从句的从句的谓语动词可以是延续的，也可以是短暂的。谓语动词可以是延续的，也可以是短暂的。 When the film ended, they went

5、back. When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.2. When 常用于下列句式：常用于下列句式：意为意为“就在那时突然就在那时突然”。 was doing sthwhen (正在做正在做 这时突然这时突然 ) was about to dowhen was on the point of doing sth. when(正要做正要做 这时突然这时突然 ) had donewhen (刚做完刚做完 这时突然这时突然 )3. when可以表可以表“既然既然”，如：，如： How can I help them to

6、 understand when they wont listen to me?一、时间状语从句一、时间状语从句1. We were swimming in the lake _ suddenly the storm started. A. when B. while C. until D. before2. He was about to tell me the secret _someone patted him on the shoulder. A. as B. until C. while D. when3. He was about halfway through his meal

7、_ a familiar voice came to his ears. A. why B. where C. when D. whileADCWhen it comes to 当谈到，当涉及到当谈到，当涉及到 1. while可用来引导时间状语，意为可用来引导时间状语，意为“当当的时候，在的时候，在期间期间”；引导的动作必须是持续性的，如：引导的动作必须是持续性的，如： 1.Please dont talk so loud while others are working. 2. while作为并列连词，意为作为并列连词，意为“然而，却然而，却”，表示对比。，表示对比。 2.Jane was

8、 dressed in brown while Mary was dressed in blue. 3. while也可用来引导让步状语，意为也可用来引导让步状语，意为“尽管，虽然尽管，虽然”；可表示尽管，相当于可表示尽管，相当于although 3.While I admit that the problems are difficult , I dont agree that they cant be solved. 4 趁着趁着的情况赶紧做的情况赶紧做, 否则来不及了否则来不及了 4.Strike while the iron is hot.连接词连接词while.多用于动作发生时间较短

9、时，常有多用于动作发生时间较短时，常有“正正当当.之时之时” 之意之意 She fell off the bus as she got down.表表“一边一边一边一边”或或“随着随着.” He whistled as he rode on._,(随着时间的流逝随着时间的流逝) he became less active.连接词连接词As time went byas还可表还可表 “由于由于.” ，引导原因状语从句，引导原因状语从句 Im not going out as I have a lot to do.as还可用于倒装句表还可用于倒装句表“虽然虽然”，引导让步，引导让步状语从句。状语从

10、句。5）as还有按照，正如，和还有按照，正如，和一样，一样，.等等not.until的倒装句和强调句。的倒装句和强调句。He didnt stop until he had finished all his work .倒装句倒装句: Not until强调句强调句:强调句句式为：强调句句式为：It was/is not until thatIt was not until he had finished all his work that he stopped.he had finished all his work did he stop.since的用法的用法：since表从过去某一时间

11、或动作、事情起到表从过去某一时间或动作、事情起到目前为止，目前为止，“自自.以以 来来”、引导状语从句时，主句用现在完成时或现在、引导状语从句时，主句用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，从句中用一般过去时。完成进行时，从句中用一般过去时。Ive been living here since I came to Beijing.I have written home four times since I came here. 、常用句型：自从、常用句型：自从已经多长时间了已经多长时间了 It is five years since I began to learn English.it is (has

12、 been)+一段时间一段时间+ since +一般过去时一般过去时注意：注意：sincesince句型中如果从句谓语是句型中如果从句谓语是延续性延续性的的动作或状态，则它所表示的动作或状态，则它所表示的时间从该动作或时间从该动作或状态结束时算起！即不做状态结束时算起！即不做sthsth已经多长时间已经多长时间了如：了如：1.It is 3 years sinceI began to smoke2.It is 3 years since I smoked(自从我开始抽烟以来已经三年了自从我开始抽烟以来已经三年了).(自从我戒烟以来到现在已经三年了自从我戒烟以来到现在已经三年了).连接词连接词b

13、efore的句型：的句型：Before I could get in a word, he walked away. “还没来得及还没来得及” 1）It will be段时间段时间before+一般现在时一般现在时 “还要过多久才还要过多久才/就就” 如：如：It will be two years before he leaves the country. 2）It was 一段时间一段时间before + did “过了多久才过了多久才/就就”如：如： It wasnt two years before he left the country. By the time的用法这个词组常用来指

14、到某一时间点为止，主句常用完成时态。By the time he was 12, _ to more than 30 countries to get his diseases cured.（travel）到到12岁时，他已去过岁时，他已去过30多个国家治疗疾病。多个国家治疗疾病。By the time I graduate next year, I _ here for 5 years.到明年毕业时，我将在这里住了到明年毕业时，我将在这里住了5年。年。he had traveled I will have lived 1.the first/second/last time, each da

15、y the day the year 2.一一就就 ：(1)as soon as(2)the moment, the minute, the second，the instant, (3)immediately, directly, instantly, (4)hardly/scarcelywhen, no soonerthan 名词短语作连词引导时间状语从句：名词短语作连词引导时间状语从句：As soon as I reach home, I will tell him the news.特特别注意：别注意：HardlyScarcelyHardlyScarcely，No sooner No

16、sooner 位于句首时，主位于句首时，主句要部分倒装句要部分倒装 HardlyScarcely +_+ when +_ No sooner +_+ than +_1.He had hardly got to the station when the train left. Hardly _to the station when the train left.had sb donehad sb donediddidhad he got It is five years _ he graduated.It is five years ago _he graduated.It was five y

17、ears _he graduated. It will be five years _he graduates.It was five oclock _ he left home.It was at five oclock _ he left home.sincethatbeforebeforewhenthatbefore，when，that，since2. 地点地点状语从句状语从句地点状语从句用连接副词地点状语从句用连接副词 where或或wherever (在任何地方在任何地方) 引导。引导。e.g. a. Just stay where you are. b. Wherever you

18、go, Ill be right here waiting for you.1.When he reads a book, his habit is to make a mark _ the meaning is unclear to him.A. there B. wherever C. the place D. in which2. If you are travelling _ the customs are totally different from your own, you may feel a cultural shock.A. in the place B. whichC.

19、in which D. where二、地点状语从句二、地点状语从句 引 导 地 点 状 语 从 句 的 连 词 有引 导 地 点 状 语 从 句 的 连 词 有 w h e r e , wherever (no matter where) 等，例如：等，例如：There are plenty of trees_. 我住的地方树很多。我住的地方树很多。_I will be thinking of you. 不管我在哪里我都会想到你。不管我在哪里我都会想到你。_, I will be right here waiting for you!不管你去哪里，不管你做什么，我都会在这等着不管你去哪里，不管

20、你做什么，我都会在这等着你！你！ where I liveWherever I amWherever you go, whatever you do三、原因状语从句三、原因状语从句 1) because表示某件事情发生的直接原因或理由，因而常用来回答答why的提问。在这几个连词中，它表示原因的语气最强。如：He didnt come to school yesterday because he was ill.2) since常表示对方已经知道的既成事实，说话人根据这个事实得出某一种结论。其语气比because要弱，一般译成“既然”。（now that ,seeing that, consid

21、ering( that)， when 既然既然） Since you are here, why not stay for a few more days?3) as常用于表示十分明显的原因，说明因果关系，重点放在主句上，语气较弱，常译成“由于”。如：As its getting darker, we must go home now.4) for只只是一个并列连词，用于连接两个并列句，表示推理或解释，对前一个分句进行附加说明，位于句中，, 之后。如： It must have rained last night , for the ground is wet in that，原因在于，原因在

22、于引导目的状语从句的连词引导目的状语从句的连词:in order that 所引从句可于主句前或所引从句可于主句前或后。后。so that较常用，一般用于主句后较常用，一般用于主句后,有有时可分开，时可分开，so 有时可省有时可省; 从从句中句中要有情态动词要有情态动词，否则，否则, 就就成为结果状语从句：成为结果状语从句：for fear （that）唯恐，）唯恐， in case 以防，万一以防，万一四、目的状语从句四、目的状语从句 1.I hurried _ I wouldnt be late for class. A. since B. so that C. as if D. unle

23、ss2. You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all. 3.He wrote the name down for fear that he should forget it. 4.Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold. 五五 、结果状语从句、结果状语从句 so that，sothat,suchthat1)so +adj./adv. +that从句从句 so +adj.+a/an+可数名词单数可数名词单数 +that从句从句 so +

24、many /few + 复数名词复数名词 +that从句从句 much /little+不可数名词不可数名词2)such+ a/an +adj+可数名词单数可数名词单数+that 从句从句 such+adj.+可数名词复数可数名词复数不可数名词不可数名词+that 从句从句 1) It is _that Ill never forget it. It is _that Ill never forget it. （如此好的故事）（如此好的故事）注意注意： 在在sothat,suchthat结构中，结构中，So + adj. 或者或者Such+n.位于句首，主句要位于句首，主句要采取部分倒装采取部

25、分倒装1.So difficult _ it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English. A. I have felt B. have I felt C. I did feel D. did I feelD D六、比较状语从句六、比较状语从句 asas, not as(so)as, 比较级比较级+than, the+比较级比较级，the+比较级比较级1)He doesnt work so hard as you do.2)There is as much ink in bottle A a

26、s in bottle B.3)The more you worry, the less youll succeed.4) Gold is much heavier than any other metal.I have seldom seen my mother _ pleased with my progress as she is now. A. so B. very C. too D. rather 七、方式状语从句七、方式状语从句描述主句动作进行方式的状语被称为方式描述主句动作进行方式的状语被称为方式状语。通常用下列词语引导状语。通常用下列词语引导：as, just as, as i

27、f, as though, according to 等。等。1) You must try to do as I did.2)Lets do as Mrs. Li teaches us.3)He talks as if he knew all about it. 八、让步状语从句八、让步状语从句让步状语从句由让步状语从句由although ，though, as, even if, even though， however, whatever, no matter who(how) whetheror，while等词引导等词引导_,(尽管她年轻尽管她年轻) she is already a

28、professor.Young asthough she is_she is young, she is already a professor.Althoughthough比较比较although, though, as:as引导让步状语从句引导让步状语从句, 要要倒装倒装。 _, he knows a lot.(尽管他是个孩子尽管他是个孩子) Much as I like it, I wont buy.从句中的表语从句中的表语状语状语动词原形放在句首动词原形放在句首.若表语为单数名词若表语为单数名词,前置时要省略冠词前置时要省略冠词.Child as he is 1、 He tried h

29、is best to solve the problem, _ difficult it was. （天津卷）（天津卷） A. however B. no matter C. whatever D although 2、The old tower must be saved, _the cost. （浙江）（浙江） Ahowever Bwhatever Cwhichever Dwherever 3. English and French are taught here. You can choose _ you like. A. no matter whichB. whichever C.no

30、 matter what D. whateverA AB Bno matter wh- 与与 wh-ever 的联系及区别：的联系及区别：no matter wh- 只引导让步状语从句，此时与 wh-ever通用。No matter when / Whenever he comes back, he should be invited to the party.wh-ever又可引导名词性从句， No matter wh-不能。如：Whoever can help us will be welcome. whether or引导的让步状语从句：引导的让步状语从句： “ 无论无论不管是不管是还是

31、还是 ，都，都” Whether you like it or not, youll have to do it九、条件状语从句九、条件状语从句1.条件状语从句由从属连词引导：条件状语从句由从属连词引导：1.if, in case, providing / provided (that), supposing /suppose（that）（假若），）（假若）， assume/assuming (that) on condition that(条件是）条件是） unless (除非除非), as / so long as (只要只要), only if (只要只要)once（一旦）等。（一旦）等

32、。2.主将从现主将从现 状语从句的倒装一般有下面几种情况：状语从句的倒装一般有下面几种情况： 否定词开头；否定词开头；not until so 加加 adj. 开头；开头； as / though引导的让步状语从句。引导的让步状语从句。特别注意：特别注意： Hardly when No sooner than Child as he is, Hardly had he got to the station when the train left. No sooner had he got to the station than the train left. Child as he is, h

33、e can speak seven foreign languages.状语从句的倒装问题状语从句的倒装问题1、So difficult _ it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English. A. I have felt B. have I felt C. I did feel D. did I feel2、Not until all the fish died in the river _ how serious the pollution was. A. did the village

34、rs realize B. the villagers realized C. the villagers did realize D. didnt the villagers realizeD DA AWhile watching TV, _.A the doorbell rangB the doorbell ringsC we heard the door bell ringD we heard the doorbell ringsC状语从句省略问题状语从句省略问题1. We were about to leave_ it began to rain.2. She thought I wa

35、s talking about her son, _, in fact, I was talking about my son.3. Hardly had I finished my composition _ the bell rang. A. when B. while C. as D. during对比训练对比训练 1 1 A AB BA A1. Child _ she is, she know a lot.2. He did the experiment _ he was told.3. The pianos in the other shop will be cheaper, but

36、 not _ good. A. during B. as C. if D. though对比训练对比训练 2 2 B BB BB B1. He would have a look at the bookstores _ he went to town.2. We decide to finish the work on time, _ happens.3. If we work with a strong will, we overcome any difficulty, _ great it is.4. Ill give the book to _ likes English. A. whe

37、never B. whoever C. whatever D. however对比训练对比训练 3 3 A AC CD DB B对比训练对比训练 5 5 1. It will be years _ we meet again.2. It is ten years _ I came to this town.3. It is ten years ago _ I came to this town. A. when B. that C. before D. sinceC CD DB B对比训练对比训练 7 7 1.Go and get your coat. It is _ you left it.

38、2. You are free to go _ you like. A. there B. where C. wherever D. when B BC C对比训练对比训练 8 8 1. The article is written in such easy English _ all of us can read it.2. The article is written in such easy English _ all of us can read. A. that B. which C. as D. so that AC CA A对比训练对比训练 9 9 1. If we work h

39、ard, we can overcome any difficulty, no matter _ great it is.2. If we work hard, we can overcome any difficulty, _ great it is.3. If we work hard, we can overcome any difficulty, _ difficulty it is.4. If we work hard, we can overcome any difficulty, no matter _ difficulty it is. A. what B. how C. ho

40、wever D. whateverB BC CD DA A4._ problems you have, you can always come tome for help.A. What B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Which5. _ much advice I gave him, he did exactly what he wanted to do.A. How B. Whatever C. However D. No matter6.-Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?- Yes. I g

41、ave it to her _ I saw her.A. while B. the moment C.suddenly D. once7. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, _ great it is.A. what B. how C. however D. whatever8.I hurried _ I wouldnt be late for class.A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless9. John plays football _ , if not be

42、tter than, David.A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as10. -What was the party like? -Wonderful. Its years _ I enjoyed myself so much. A. after B. when C. before D. since11.Dont change your mind, _ happens to you.A. which B. what C. whichever D. whatever12. _ he comes, we wont be able to go.A. Without B. Unless C. Except D. Even13. Nobody believed him _ what he said.A. even though B. even if C. no