2018高考英语 完形填空讲解

1、2021/3/91How to do cloze tests?完形填空完形填空2021/3/92做完形的时候你有以下问题吗？做完形的时候你有以下问题吗？ 烦烦 慢慢 错错 不得不做，硬着头皮做，还是不得不做，硬着头皮做，还是错错2021/3/93 完形填空考查的是对学生的完形填空考查的是对学生的综综合语言运用能力合语言运用能力，但是每一个空，但是每一个空格的设置并格的设置并不是随心所欲的不是随心所欲的，命，命题人主要通过题人主要通过上下文暗示出的某上下文暗示出的某种信息来保证答案的种信息来保证答案的正确性和正确性和唯一性。唯一性。考生应该通过上下文的考生应该通过上下文的暗示获取解题信息，留意暗

2、送的暗示获取解题信息，留意暗送的“秋波秋波”，也就是：关键词，也就是：关键词出题者的初衷出题者的初衷2021/3/94命题特点：命题特点：1. 短文长度短文长度300词左右词左右，记叙文、说明文和议论文记叙文、说明文和议论文（主要（主要是夹叙夹议类）为主。是夹叙夹议类）为主。 记叙文故事情节多有曲折；议论文结构严谨层次分明，记叙文故事情节多有曲折；议论文结构严谨层次分明，有很多对仗现象。有很多对仗现象。2. 首句无空格首句无空格，提供语境。，提供语境。5-10词设一空，人名、词设一空，人名、 地名、地名、日期、数字不在之列。日期、数字不在之列。3. 选项多为选项多为一词一词，偶尔会为，偶尔会为

3、词组词组。四选项为同一类词或。四选项为同一类词或属同一范畴，或近义或形异义，或与前后配成词组。属同一范畴，或近义或形异义，或与前后配成词组。故干扰性、迷性大。有时单独看一句话语法都是正确故干扰性、迷性大。有时单独看一句话语法都是正确的，但根据上下文只有一个正确答案。的，但根据上下文只有一个正确答案。2021/3/954. 考查单词以实词考查单词以实词(v, n, adj, adv, pron.)为主，虚为主，虚词词(conj.,prep.)为辅。实词一般占为辅。实词一般占80%-90%。5. 以考查学生对以考查学生对文章的整体理解（篇章逻辑题）文章的整体理解（篇章逻辑题）和和词汇的意义（词汇题

4、）词汇的意义（词汇题）把握为主。有些要把握为主。有些要结合结合常识常识才能正确选项；有些甚至要求在通篇理解才能正确选项；有些甚至要求在通篇理解的基础上，正确把握的基础上，正确把握上下文的逻辑关系上下文的逻辑关系，才能，才能正确判断和选择。正确判断和选择。6. 有些空格答案由上文决定（有些空格答案由上文决定（前置性设空前置性设空），有些），有些由后文决定（由后文决定（后置性设空后置性设空），有些要综合上下），有些要综合上下文才能得到答案（文才能得到答案（语篇性设空语篇性设空），），以后置性设以后置性设空为主。空为主。2021/3/96英语完形填空解题步骤英语完形填空解题步骤n速览全文，把握大意。

5、速览全文，把握大意。n细读首句，摸清文路。细读首句，摸清文路。n瞻前顾后瞻前顾后，准确选择。，准确选择。n复核全文，调整答案。复核全文，调整答案。2mins10mins2mins1mins2021/3/97Here are some Basic skills of cloze2021/3/98eg1. Many old people dont have good _. A. hearing B. health C. eyesight 1) They cant watch TV, but they can listen to music or news over the radio.C2) Th

6、ey cant listen to music or news over the radio, but they can read with glasses.3) They cant walk outside, but they can watch TV or listen to music or news over the radio at home.AB2021/3/99eg2. Wait till you are more _. A. relaxed B. satisfied C. certainC2) Ill improve it once more.B3) Or else youll

7、 be more nervous on the stage.Aeg3. Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is very, very _.A. deep B. high C. cold D. dangerous 1) Its better to be sure .Skill 1:Choosing by context(上下文、语境上下文、语境)2021/3/910 eg1. When we talked, I discovered（发现）（发现） some differences in school

8、life between the US and China. For example, each class lasts fifty minutes in the US. It is a little _ than that in China. We usually have forty-five minutes in each class. A. shorter B. longer C. earlier D. laterSkill 2：logic（逻辑推理）（逻辑推理） eg2. My mother often asked me，“What is the most important par

9、t of the body?” I thought sound was very important to us as humans，so I said“My _，Mommy” She said，“NoMany people are deaf（聋的）（聋的）A. ears B. eyes C. body D. head2021/3/911eg1. At this moment, the air hostess 1 . She looked pale, but was quite 2 .1. A. showed B. presented C. exposed D. appeared2. A. w

10、ell B. still C. calm D. quietVt.Vt.Vt.Vi Skill 3:Choosing by meanings of words and expressions (词汇和短语用法词汇和短语用法)eg2. In the morning, the king went to visit the pond. To his surprise, the pond was only filled with water! What happened? Yes! Everyone had the same idea _that man. A. with B. to C. as D.

11、ofthe same2021/3/912例例 We dont have to tell children 55 they should learn from the story and what the moral is. 55. A. that B. what C. which D. whomtell sb. sth. learn sth. from. 2021/3/913。Skill4: Choosing by grammar(语法分析语法分析)eg1.and the officers then began to eat their meal, saying that the mushro

12、oms had a very strange _ quite pleasant taste. A. beside B. but C. and D. or2021/3/914。eg1.I turned the key in the lock and _the door open.A. knocked B. forced C. pushed D. tried eg2. All over the world people swim for fun. Swimming is enjoyed by people of _ages, from the very young to the very old.

13、 There are many places for people to swim in swimming pools. A. all B. none C. some D. bothSkill 5: Choosing by common sense(常识常识)eg3. (Immediately) the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to thehospital.A. animal B. biggest C. plant D. nearest2021/3/915Skill 6 choosing by the repetition of t

14、he same word 完形填空试题中，有些词语常常重复出完形填空试题中，有些词语常常重复出现在语篇中。要学会运用与选项意义紧现在语篇中。要学会运用与选项意义紧密相连的密相连的同义词或近义词。同义词或近义词。2021/3/916例例 IfellinlovewithYosemiteNationalParkthefirsttimeIsawit,whenIwas13.Myparentstookusthereforcamping.Onthewayout,IaskedthemtowaitwhileIranuptoELCapitan,arockof3,300feetstraightup.Itouched

15、thatgiantrockandknew)Iwantedtoclimbit.Thathasbeenmylifespassion(钟爱)eversince-therocksandmountainsofYosemite.16.A.distantB.hugeC.narrowD.loose18.A.imaginingB.paintingC.describingD.climbing2021/3/917 1. Choosing by context 上下文语境上下文语境2. Choosing by logic 逻辑逻辑3. Choosing by the meanings of the words and

16、 expressions 单词和短语的用法单词和短语的用法4. Choosing by grammar 语法结构分析语法结构分析5.Choosing by cultural background and common sense 文化背景和常识文化背景和常识6. The repetition of the word. 同义复现同义复现7. 排除法、语感等其他方法排除法、语感等其他方法 methods2021/3/918WhenIwas13myonlypurposewastobecomethestaronourfootballteam.（首句点明文章体裁，人物，时间及关键词）Thatmeant2

17、1MillerKing,whowasthebest22atourschool.(唯一的目的就是成为球星，肯定就是打败最好运动员Miller)21.A.cheeringfor（为喝彩叫好）B.beatingoutC.relyingonD.stayingwith22.A.coach(教练）B.studentC.teacherD.playerbeatsb.out:todefeatsomeoneordobetterthanthem打败某人2021/3/919Thatseason,I26allofMillersrecordswhilehe27thehomegamesfromthebench.Wewent

18、10-1andIwasnamedmostvaluableplayer,28IoftenhadcrazydreamsinwhichIwastoblameforMillers29.26.A.heldB.brokeC.setD.tried27.A.reportedB.judgedC.organizedD.watched28.A.andB.thenC.butD.thus29.A.decisionB.mistakeC.accidentD.sacrifice（牺牲）26.break/settherecord打破/创记录betoblamefor因受到责备29.WhathappenedtoMiller?bes

19、truckbyacarandlosthisrightarm2021/3/920Oneafternoon,IwascrossingthefieldtogohomeandsawMiller30goingoverafencewhichwasnt31toclimbifyouhadbotharms.ImsureIwasthelastpersonintheworldhewantedtoaccept32from.Buteventhatchallengeheaccepted.I33himmoveslowlyoverthefence.Whenwewerefinally34ontheotherside,hesai

20、dtome,“Youknow,Ididnttellyouthisduringtheseason,butyoudid35.Thankyouforfillinginfor36.”30.A.stuck(动不了的，被卡住的）B.hurtC.tiredD.lost31.A.steadyB.hardC.funD.fit32.A.praiseB.adviceC.assistanceD.apology33.A.letB.helpedC.hadD.noticed34.A.droppedB.readyC.trappedD.safe35.A.fineB.wrongC.quicklyD.normally36.A.usB