内部动机量表IMI

1、IntrinsicMotivationInventory(IMI)ScaleDescription|TheScaleDownloadtheIntrinsicMotivationInventorypacketinaWordfileTheScalesTHEPOST-EXPERIMENTALINTRINSICMOTIVATIONINVENTORY(Belowarelistedall45itemsthatcanbeuseddependingonwhichareneeded.)Foreachofthefollowingstatements,pleaseindicatehowtrueitisforyou,

2、usingthefollowingscale:1234567notatalltruesomewhattrueverytrueInterest/EnjoymentIenjoyeddoingthisactivityverymuchThisactivitywasfuntodo.Ithoughtthiswasaboringactivity.(R)Thisactivitydidnotholdmyattentionatall.(R)Iwoulddescribethisactivityasveryinteresting.Ithoughtthisactivitywasquiteenjoyable.WhileI

3、wasdoingthisactivity,IwasthinkingabouthowmuchIenjoyedit.PerceivedCompetenceIthinkIamprettygoodatthisactivity.IthinkIdidprettywellatthisactivity,comparedtootherstudents.Afterworkingatthisactivityforawhile,Ifeltprettycompetent.Iamsatisfiedwithmyperformanceatthistask.Iwasprettyskilledatthisactivity.Thi

4、swasanactivitythatIcouldndoverytwell.(R)Effort/ImportanceIputalotofeffortintothis.Ididn'ttryveryhardtodowellatthisactivity.(R)Itriedveryhardonthisactivity.Itwasimportanttometodowellatthistask.Ididn'tputmuchenergyintothis.(R)Pressure/TensionIdidnotfeelnervousatallwhiledoingthis.(R)Ifeltveryte

5、nsewhiledoingthisactivity.Iwasveryrelaxedindoingthese.(R)wasanxiouswhileworkingonthistask.feltpressuredwhiledoingthese.PerceivedChoiceIbelieveIhadsomechoiceaboutdoingthisactivity.Ifeltlikeitwasnotmyownchoicetodothistask.(R)Ididn'treallyhaveachoiceaboutdoingthistask.(R)IfeltlikeIhadtodothis.(R)Id

6、idthisactivitybecauseIhadnochoice.(R)IdidthisactivitybecauseIwantedto.IdidthisactivitybecauseIhadto.(R)Value/UsefulnessIbelievethisactivitycouldbeofsomevaluetome.IthinkthatdoingthisactivityisusefulforIthinkthisisimportanttodobecauseitcanIwouldbewillingtodothisagainbecauseithassomevaluetome.Ithinkdoi

7、ngthisactivitycouldhelpmetoIbelievedoingthisactivitycouldbebeneficialtome.Ithinkthisisanimportantactivity.RelatednessIfeltreallydistanttothisperson.(R)IreallydoubtthatthispersonandIwouldeverbefriends.(R)IfeltlikeIcouldreallytrustthisperson.I'dlikeachancetointeractwiththispersonmoreoften.I'dr

8、eallyprefernottointeractwiththispersoninthefuture.(R)Idon'tfeellikeIcouldreallytrustthisperson.(R)ItislikelythatthispersonandIcouldbecomefriendsifweinteractedalot.Ifeelclosetothisperson.ConstructingtheIMIforyourstudy.First,decidewhichofthevariables(factors)youwanttouse,basedonwhattheoreticalques

9、tionsyouareaddressing.Then,usetheitemsfromthosefactors,randomlyordered.Ifyouusethevalue/usefulnessitems,youwillneedtocompletethethreeitemsasappropriate.Inotherwords,ifyouwerestudyingwhetherthepersonbelievesanactivityisusefulforimprovingconcentration,orbecomingabetterbasketballplayer,orwhatever,thenf

10、川intheblankswiththatinformation.Ifyoudonotwanttorefertoaparticularoutcome,thenjusttruncatetheitemswithitsbeinguseful,helpful,orimportant.ScoringinformationfortheIMI.Toscorethisinstrument,youmustfirstreversescoretheitemsforwhichan(R)isshownafterthem.Todothat,subtracttheitemresponsefrom8,andusetheresu

11、ltingnumberastheitemscore.Then,calculatesubscalescoresbyaveragingacrossalloftheitemsonthatsubscale.Thesubscalescoresarethenusedintheanalysesofrelevantquestions.Thefollowingisa22itemversionofthescalethathasbeenusedinsomelabstudiesonintrinsicmotivation.Ithasfoursubscales:interest/enjoyment,perceivedch

12、oice,perceivedcompetence,andpressure/tension.Theinterest/enjoymentsubscaleisconsideredtheself-reportmeasureofintrinsicmotivation;perceivedchoiceandperceivedcompetencearetheorizedtobepositivepredictorsofbothself-reportandbehavioralmeasuresofintrinsicmotivation.Pressuretensionistheorizedtobeanegativep

13、redictorofintrinsicmotivation.Scoringinformationispresentedafterthequestionnaireitself.TASKEVALUATIONQUESTIONNAIREForeachofthefollowingstatements,pleaseindicatehowtrueitisforyou,usingthefollowingscale:1234567notatalltruesomewhattrueverytrue1.WhileIwasworkingonthetaskIwasthinkingabouthowmuchIenjoyedi

14、t.2.Ididnotfeelatallnervousaboutdoingthetask.3. Ifeltthatitwasmychoicetodothetask.4. IthinkIamprettygoodatthistask.5. Ifoundthetaskveryinteresting.6. Ifelttensewhiledoingthetask.7. IthinkIdidprettywellatthisactivity,comparedtootherstudents.8. Doingthetaskwasfun.9. Ifeltrelaxedwhiledoingthetask.10. I

15、enjoyeddoingthetaskverymuch.11. Ididn'trealaveachoiceaboutdoingthetask.12. Iamsatisfiedwithmyperformanceatthistask.13. Iwasanxiouswhiledoingthetask.14. Ithoughtthetaskwasveryboring.15. IfeltlikeIwasdoingwhatIwantedtodowhileIwasworkingonthetask.16. Ifeltprettyskilledatthistask.17. Ithoughtthetask

16、wasveryinteresting.18. Ifeltpressuredwhiledoingthetask.19. IfeltlikeIhadtodothetask.20. Iwoulddescribethetaskasveryenjoyable.21. IdidthetaskbecauseIhadnochoice.22. Afterworkingatthistaskforawhile,Ifeltprettycompetent.Scoringinformation.Beginbyreversescoringitems#2,9,11,14,19,21.Inotherwords,subtract

17、theitemresponsefrom8,andusetheresultastheitemscoreforthatitem.Thisway,ahigherscorewillindicatemoreoftheconceptdescribedinthesubscalename.Thus,ahigherscoreonpressure/tensionmeansthepersonfeltmorepressuredandtense;ahigherscoreonperceivedcompetencemeansthepersonfeltmorecompetent;andsoon.Thencalculatesu

18、bscalescoresbyaveragingtheitemsscoresfortheitemsoneachsubscale.Theyareasfollows.The(R)afteranitemnumberisjustareminderthattheitemscoreisthereverseoftheparticipant'sresponseonthatitem.Interest/enjoyment:1,5,8,10,14(R),17,20Perceivedcompetence:4,7,12,16,22Perceivedchoice:3,11(R),15,19(R),21(R)Pres

19、sure/tension:2(R),6,9(R),13,18Thesubscalescorescanthenbeusedasdependentvariables,predictors,ormediators,dependingontheresearchquestionsbeingaddressed.TEXTMATERIALQUESTIONNAIRE1Foreachofthefollowingstatements,pleaseindicatehowtrueitisforyour,usingthefollowingscaleasaguide:1234567notatalltruesomewhatt

20、rueverytrue1. WhileIwasreadingthismaterial,IwasthinkingabouthowmuchIenjoyedit.2. Ididnotfeelatallnervouswhilereading.3. Thismaterialdidnotholdmyattentionatall.4. IthinkIunderstoodthismaterialprettywell.5. Iwoulddescribethismaterialasveryinteresting.6. IthinkIunderstoodthismaterialverywell,comparedto

21、otherstudents.7. Ienjoyedreadingthismaterialverymuch.8. Ifeltverytensewhilereadingthismaterial.9. Thismaterialwasfuntoread.Scoringinformation.Beginbyreversescoringitems#2and3.Inotherwords,subtracttheitemresponsefrom8,andusetheresultastheitemscoreforthatitem.Thisway,ahigherscorewillindicatemoreofthec

22、onceptdescribedinthesubscalename.Thencalculatesubscalescoresbyaveragingtheitemsscoresfortheitemsoneachsubscale.Theyareshownbelow.The(R)afteranitemnumberisjustareminderthattheitemscoreisthereverseoftheparticipant'sresponseonthatitem.Interest/enjoyment:1,3(R),5,7,9Perceivedcompetence:4,6,Pressure/

23、tension:2(R),8Thenextversionofthequestionnairewasusedforastudyofinternalizationwithanuninterestingcomputertask(Decietal.,1994).ACTIVITYPERCEPTIONQUESTIONNAIREThefollowingitemsconcernyourexperiencewiththetask.Pleaseanswerallitems.Foreachitem,pleaseindicatehowtruethestatementisforyou,usingthefollowing

24、scaleasaguide:1234567notatalltruesomewhattrueverytrue1. Ibelievethatdoingthisactivitycouldbeofsomevalueforme.2. IbelieveIhadsomechoiceaboutdoingthisactivity.3. WhileIwasdoingthisactivity,IwasthinkingabouthowmuchIenjoyedit.4. Ibelievethatdoingthisactivityisusefulforimprovedconcentration.5. Thisactivi

25、tywasfuntodo.6. Ithinkthisactivityisimportantformyimprovement.7. Ienjoyeddoingthisactivityverymuch.8. Ireallydidnothaveachoiceaboutdoingthisactivity.9. IdidthisactivitybecauseIwantedto.10. Ithinkthisisanimportantactivity.11. IfeltlikeIwasenjoyingtheactivitywhileIwasdoingit.12. Ithoughtthiswasaverybo

26、ringactivity.13. Itispossiblethatthisactivitycouldimprovemystudyinghabits.14. IfeltlikeIhadnochoicebuttodothisactivity.15. Ithoughtthiswasaveryinterestingactivity.16. IamwillingtodothisactivityagainbecauseIthinkitissomewhatuseful.17. Iwoulddescribethisactivityasveryenjoyable.18. IfeltlikeIhadtodothi

27、sactivity.19. Ibelievedoingthisactivitycouldbesomewhatbeneficialforme.20. IdidthisactivitybecauseIhadto.21. Ibelievedoingthisactivitycouldhelpmedobetterinschool.22. WhiledoingthisactivityIfeltlikeIhadachoice.23. Iwoulddescribethisactivityasveryfun.24. Ifeltlikeitwasnotmyownchoicetodothisactivity.25.

28、 Iwouldbewillingtodothisactivityagainbecauseithassomevalueforme.Scoringinformation.Beginbyreversescoringitems#8,12,14,18,20,and24bysubtractingtheitemresponsefrom8andusingtheresultastheitemscoreforthatitem.Thencalculatesubscalescoresbyaveragingtheitemsscoresfortheitemsoneachsubscale.Theyareshownbelow

29、.The(R)afteranitemnumberisjustareminderthattheitemscoreisthereverseoftheparticipantresponseonthatitem.Interest/enjoyment:3,5,7,11,12(R),15,17,23Value/usefulness:1,4,6,10,13,16,19,21,25Perceivedchoice:2,8(R),9,14(R),18(R),20(R),22,24(R)SUBJECTIMPRESSIONSQUESTIONNAIREThefollowingsentencesdescribethoug

30、htsandfeelingsyoumayhavehadregardingtheotherpersonwhoparticipatedintheexperimentwithyou.Foreachofthefollowingstatementpleaseindicatehowtrueitisforyou,usingthefollowingscaleasaguide:1234567notatalltruesomewhattrueverytrue1. WhileIwasinteractingwiththisperson,IwasthinkingabouthowmuchIenjoyedit.2. Ifel

31、treallydistanttothisperson.3. Ididnotfeelatallnervousaboutinteractingwiththisperson.4. IfeltlikeIhadchoiceaboutinteractingwiththisperson.5. Iwoulddescribeinteractingwiththispersonasveryenjoyable.6. IreallydoubtthatthispersonandIwouldeverbecomefriends.7. Ifoundthispersonveryinteresting.8. Ienjoyedint

32、eractingwiththispersonverymuch.9. Ifelttensewhileinteractingwiththisperson.10. IreallyfeellikeIcouldtrustthisperson.11. Interactingwiththispersonwasfun.12. Ifeltrelaxedwhileinteractingwiththisperson.13. I'likeachancetointeractmorewiththisperson.14. Ididn'treallyhaveachoiceaboutinteractingwit

33、hthisperson.15. Itriedhardtohaveagoodinteractionwiththisperson.16. I'dreallyprefernottointeractwiththispersoninthefuture.17. Iwasanxiouswhileinteractingwiththisperson.18. Ithoughtthispersonwasveryboring.19. IfeltlikeIwasdoingwhatIwantedtodowhileIwasinteractingwiththisperson.20. Itriedveryhardwhi

34、leinteractingwiththisperson.21. IdontfleliekeIcouldreallytrustthisperson.22. Ithoughtinteractingwiththispersonwasveryinteresting.23. Ifeltpressuredwhileinteractingwiththisperson.24. Ithinkit'slikelythatthispersonandIcouldbecomefriends.25. IfeltlikeIhadtointeractwiththisperson.26. Ifeelreallyclos

35、etothisperson.27. Ididntputmuchenergyintointeractingwiththisperson.28. IinteractedwiththispersonbecauseIhadnochoice.29. Iputsomeeffortintointeractingwiththisperson.Scoringinformation.Beginbyreversescoringitems#2,3,6,12,14,16,18,21,25,27,and28bysubtractingtheitemresponsefrom8andusingtheresultastheite

36、mscoreforthatitem.Thencalculatesubscalescoresbyaveragingtheitemsscoresfortheitemsoneachsubscale.Theyareshownbelow.The(R)afteranitemnumberisjustareminderthattheitemscoreisthereverseoftheparticipant'sresponseonthatitem.Relatedness:2(R),6(R),10,13,16(R),21(R),24,26Interest/enjoyment:1,5,7,8,11,18(R

37、),22Perceivedchoice:4,14(R),19,25(R),28(R)Pressure/tension:3(R),9,12(R),17,23,Effort:15,20,27(R),29IntrinsicMotivationInventory(IMI)ScaleDescription|TheScaleDownloadtheIntrinsicMotivationInventorypacketinaWordfileScaleDescriptionTheIntrinsicMotivationInventory(IMI)isamultidimensionalmeasurementdevic

38、eintendedtoassessparticipants'subjectiveexperiencerelatedtoatargetactivityinlaboratoryexperiments.Ithasbeenusedinseveralexperimentsrelatedtointrinsicmotivationandself-regulation(e.g.,Ryan,1982;Ryan,Mims&Koestner,1983;Plant&Ryan,1985;Ryan,Connell,&Plant,1990;Ryan,Koestner&Deci,199

39、1;Deci,Eghrari,Patrick,&Leone,1994).Theinstrumentassessesparticipants'interest/enjoyment,perceivedcompetence,effort,value/usefulness,feltpressureandtension,andperceivedchoicewhileperformingagivenactivity,thusyieldingsixsubscalescores.Recently,aseventhsubscalehasbeenaddedtotaptheexperiencesof

40、relatedness,althoughthevalidityofthissubscalehasyettobeestablished.Theinterest/enjoymentsubscaleisconsideredtheself-reportmeasureofintrinsicmotivation;thus,althoughtheoverallquestionnaireiscalledtheIntrinsicMotivationInventory,itisonlytheonesubscalethatassessesintrinsicmotivation,perse.Asaresult,the

41、interest/enjoymentsubscaleoftenhasmoreitemsonitthatdotheothersubscales.Theperceivedchoiceandperceivedcompetenceconceptsaretheorizedtobepositivepredictorsofbothself-reportandbehavioralmeasuresofintrinsicmotivation,andpressure/tensionistheorizedtobeanegativepredictorofintrinsicmotivation.Effortisasepa

42、ratevariablethatisrelevanttosomemotivationquestions,soisusedititsrelevant.Thevalue/usefulnesssubscaleisusedininternalizationstudies(e.g.,Decietal,1994),theideabeingthatpeopleinternalizeandbecomeself-regulatingwithrespecttoactivitiesthattheyexperienceasusefulorvaluableforthemselves.Finally,therelated

43、nesssubscaleisusedinstudieshavingtodowithinterpersonalinteractions,friendshipformation,andsoon.TheIMIconsistsofvariednumbersofitemsfromthesesubscales,allofwhichhavebeenshowntobefactoranalyticallycoherentandstableacrossavarietyoftasks,conditions,andsettings.Thegeneralcriteriaforinclusionofitemsonsubs

44、caleshavebeenafactorloadingofatleast0.6ontheappropriatesubscale,andnocrossloadingsabove0.4.Typically,loadingssubstantiallyexceedthesecriteria.Nonetheless,werecommendthatinvestigatorsperformtheirownfactoranalysesonnewdatasets.Pastresearchsuggeststhatordereffectsofitempresentationappeartobenegligible,

45、andtheinclusionorexclusionofspecificsubscalesappearstohavenoimpactontheothers.Thus,itisrarethatallitemshavebeenusedinaparticularexperiment.Instead,experimentershavechosenthesubscalesthatarerelevanttotheissuestheyareexploring.TheIMIitemshaveoftenbeenmodifiedslightlytofitspecificactivities.Thus,forexa

46、mple,anitemsuchas"Itriedveryhardtodowellatthisactivity"canbechangedto"Itriedveryhardtodowellonthesepuzzles"or".inlearningthismaterial"withouteffectingitsreliabilityorvalidity.Asonecanreadilytell,thereisnothingsubtleabouttheseitems;theyarequiteface-valid.However,inpart,b

47、ecauseoftheirstraightforwardnature,cautionisneededininterpretation.Wehavefound,forexample,thatcorrelationsbetweenself-reportsofeffortorinterestandbehavioralindicesofthesedimensionsarequitemodest-oftenaround0.4.Likeotherself-reportmeasures,thereisalwaystheneedtoappropriatelyinterprethowandwhyparticip

48、antsreportastheydo.Ego-involvements,self-presentationstyles,reactance,andotherpsychologicaldynamicsmustbeconsidered.Forexample,inastudybyRyan,Koestner,andDeci(1991),wefoundthatwhenparticipantswereegoinvolved,theengagedinpressuredpersistenceduringafreechoiceperiodandthisbehaviordidnotcorrelatewiththe

49、self-reportsofinterest/enjoyment.Infact,weconcludedthattobeconfidentinoneassessmentofintrinsicmotivation,oneneedstofindthatthefree-choicebehaviorandtheself-reportsofinterest/enjoymentaresignificantlycorrelated.Anotherissueisthatofredundancy.Itemswithinthesubscalesoverlapconsiderably,althoughrandomiz

50、ingtheirpresentationmakesthislesssalienttomostparticipants.Nonetheless,shorterversionshavebeenusedandbeenfoundtobequitereliable.TheincrementalRforeveryitemabove4foranygivenfactorisquitesmall.Still,itisveryimportanttorecognizethatmultipleitemsubscalesconsistentlyoutperformsingleitemsforobviousreasons

51、,andtheyhavebetterexternalvalidity.OnTheScalepage,therearefivesections.First,thefull45itemsthatmakeupthe7subscalesareshown,alongwithinformationonconstructingyourownIMIandscoringit.Then,therearefourspecificversionsoftheIMIthathavebeenusedinpaststudies.Thisshouldgiveyouasenseofthedifferentwaysithasbee

52、nused.Thesehavedifferentnumbersofitemsanddifferentnumbersofsubscales,andtheyconcerndifferentactivities.First,thereisastandard,22-itemversionthathasbeenusedinseveralstudies,withfoursubscales:interest/enjoyment,perceivedcompetence,perceivedchoice,andpressure/tension.Second,thereisashort9-itemversionconcernedwitht