发音技巧(音节、重音、节奏)

1、音节音节2/541. 1.单词末尾不发音的单词末尾不发音的e e不构成音节，如不构成音节，如bike, takebike, take；2. 2. 两个元音字母在一起，一般为字母组合，发一个元音，构两个元音字母在一起，一般为字母组合，发一个元音，构成一个音节。如成一个音节。如bookbook，rainrain；3. 3. 词尾的词尾的le le可以和其前边的辅音组成一个音节，如可以和其前边的辅音组成一个音节，如peoplepeople，doubledouble，littlelittle，uncleuncle，idolidol，singlesingle，chemicalchemical等。等。4/

2、545/54单词中发音特别响亮的音节。单词中发音特别响亮的音节。任何双音节或多音节单词的音标中，有重读音节和非重读音节任何双音节或多音节单词的音标中，有重读音节和非重读音节 ，哪一个音节重读，该音节的左上方或该音节的元音上方标有重读符哪一个音节重读，该音节的左上方或该音节的元音上方标有重读符号号“”。如：。如：hospital hhospital hspitlspitl；多音节词中有时还可以有一个次重读音节，这种状况通常出现在多音节词中有时还可以有一个次重读音节，这种状况通常出现在特别长的单词中，如：特别长的单词中，如：comprehension comprehension k kmprmpr

3、hennhenn7/548/541. 1. 两元音字母之间如有两个辅音字母，则中间分开，一边一两元音字母之间如有两个辅音字母，则中间分开，一边一个。个。如如: mat: matterter，memmemberber，win-dowwin-dow，docdoctortor，sup-persup-per，lit littletle等。等。这样一分，第一个音节是以辅音字母结尾的，它就是重读闭这样一分，第一个音节是以辅音字母结尾的，它就是重读闭音节，元音字母读短元音。音节，元音字母读短元音。2. 2. 两元音字母中间有一辅音字母，该辅音字母划归后一音两元音字母中间有一辅音字母，该辅音字母划归后一音节。

4、节。如：如：basicbasic，regionregion，openopen，humanhuman等。等。这样一分，头一个音节是以元音字母结尾的，它是重读开这样一分，头一个音节是以元音字母结尾的，它是重读开音节，元音字母读其字母音。音节，元音字母读其字母音。3. 3. 重读开音节中的元音字母有不少仍读短元音。重读开音节中的元音字母有不少仍读短元音。如：如：secondsecond，presentpresent，everever，hoverhover，modernmodern，properproper等。等。第二音节中有第二音节中有i i时，第一音节中的时，第一音节中的a a，e e，i i，o

5、 o大多大多读短元音。读短元音。如：如：spa-nishspa-nish，ha-bitha-bit，mes-sagemes-sage，ci-tyci-ty，pro-fitpro-fit等。等。 单音节词单独念时一律要重读，单音节词单独念时一律要重读， 但但在单独注音时不必加重音符号。在单独注音时不必加重音符号。 cup kp wife waif 14 a) a) 一般在第一个音节重读一般在第一个音节重读; ;letter sorry England letter sorry England movement exercisemovement exercise15b) b) a-, be-, d

6、e-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, a-, be-, de-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, ex-, con-, com-, dis-, mis-, pre-, per-, pro-, ex-, con-, com-, dis-, mis-, pre-, per-, pro-, trans- trans- 等前缀的词，第二个音节是重音等前缀的词，第二个音节是重音; ; about believe address about believe address decide compare inform deci

7、de compare inform discuss impress mistake discuss impress mistake 16c) c) 有有 de-, in-, im-, re-, con-, pre-, pro-, o- de-, in-, im-, re-, con-, pre-, pro-, o-等前缀等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关的重音与词义和词类有关, , 一般名词的重音在第一个一般名词的重音在第一个音节上，其它的词性在第二个音节上音节上，其它的词性在第二个音节上: : record- record insult- insult record- record insult-

8、 insult conduct- conduct present- present conduct- conduct present- present desert- desert import- import desert- desert import- import produce- produce object- object produce- produce object- object 17d) d) 有些复合词和带有前缀有些复合词和带有前缀 re-, ex-, un-, pre-, re-, ex-, un-, pre-, post-, -teenpost-, -teen等的词，有

9、两个重音等的词，有两个重音: : outside retell well-known outside retell well-known unreal fourteen Chinese unreal fourteen Chinese pre-war post-war exchange pre-war post-war exchange18a) a) 一般倒数第三个音节是重音一般倒数第三个音节是重音: : difficult communist difficult communist family family economy exercise interesting economy exerc

10、ise interesting opportunity democracy opportunity democracy possipossi bilitybility 19b) b) 有一些双音节词，加了前缀和后缀成了多音节，有一些双音节词，加了前缀和后缀成了多音节，但这些词按原来词根的重音读音但这些词按原来词根的重音读音: : carefully indefinite comfortable carefully indefinite comfortable conductor according disturbance conductor according disturbance comp

11、licated establishment complicated establishment 20c) c) 词尾有词尾有-eous, -grahpy, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -eous, -grahpy, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -ience, ient, -ify, -ion, -ious, -ity, -ive ience, ient, -ify, -ion, -ious, -ity, -ive 后缀的词，重后缀的词，重音在这些后缀的前一个音节上音在这些后缀的前一个音节上: : courteous calcourteous cal ligr

12、aphy ediligraphy edi torial historial his torian torian mathemathe matics exmatics ex perience sufperience suf ficient ificient i dentify dentify transtrans lation lation rere ligious curiligious curi osity proosity pro tective tective mathemamathema tician tician 21d) d) 词尾有词尾有 -ain, -ee, -eer, -es

13、e, -ette -ain, -ee, -eer, -ese, -ette 后缀的词，后缀的词，重音在该后缀上，而且有一个次重音重音在该后缀上，而且有一个次重音: : , ,enentertain tertain , ,employee employee , ,mountaineer mountaineer , ,Japanese Japanese , ,cigarettecigarette22a) 复合名词的重音一般在第一个音节上复合名词的重音一般在第一个音节上;blackboard anybody handbag bookstore hot dog classroom pickpocket

14、 lifestyle website sleeping car computer games middle school sitting room 23b) b) 复合动词的重音一般在第二个音节复合动词的重音一般在第二个音节; ; illill treat overdotreat overdo c) c) 有些复合词有双重音有些复合词有双重音; ; kindhearted three-legged kindhearted three-legged afternoon afternoond) d) 少数复合词的重音在第二个音节上。少数复合词的重音在第二个音节上。whatever yourself

15、 throughoutwhatever yourself throughout24 darkroom darkroom 暗房暗房 dark dark room room 黑暗的房间黑暗的房间 greenhouse greenhouse 温室温室 green green house house 绿色的房屋绿色的房屋 bluebottle bluebottle 矢车菊矢车菊 blue blue bottle bottle 兰色的瓶子兰色的瓶子 blackboard blackboard 黑板黑板 black black board board 黑色的木板黑色的木板 English book Eng

16、lish book 英语教材英语教材 English English 5book book 英文书英文书 (printed in English)(printed in English)句子重读的一般规则句子重读的一般规则实词重读实词重读 虚词不重读虚词不重读一、名词一般都重读There is a There is a bookbook on the on the deskdesk. .My My sistersister put up a put up a picturepicture on the on the wallwall. .JohnJohn wants to see the wa

17、nts to see the teacherteacher after after classclass. .An An elephantelephant is an is an animalanimal. .一些含义较广，本身没有很确切内容的名词，如一些含义较广，本身没有很确切内容的名词，如thingthing，personperson，placeplace，或指一大类人或事物的名词，如，或指一大类人或事物的名词，如manman，womanwoman，fellowfellow，timetime，shipship，前面有修饰语缩小其范围时，这类名词通常不重读，前面有修饰语缩小其范围时，这类名词

18、通常不重读 Thats a nice Thats a nice thingthing. .( (比较：比较：Thats a nice Thats a nice picture picture.) .)Hes an easy Hes an easy personperson to get along with. to get along with.Hes the right Hes the right manman for the job. for the job.Its already lunch Its already lunch timetime. .（比较：（比较：Its Its tim

19、etime for lunch. for lunch.）二、二、代词代词常重读的代词有常重读的代词有: : 1.1.指示代词指示代词ThisThis is not what I mean. is not what I mean.ThatThat isnt the one I asked for. isnt the one I asked for.Do you likeDo you like（ ）these these flowersflowers？但如指示代词前后都有重音时，该指示代词可失去重但如指示代词前后都有重音时，该指示代词可失去重音音How do you like How do you

20、 like thosethose little ones little ones？Who wrote Who wrote thisthis interesting story interesting story？2 2. .名词性物主代词名词性物主代词Yours Yours is much nicer than is much nicer than minemine. .The red one is The red one is hishis. .但在双重所有格中，物主代词往往不重读但在双重所有格中，物主代词往往不重读. .Im writing to a friend of Im writin

21、g to a friend of minemine. .3 3. .强调代词强调代词I saw it I saw it myselfmyself. .The man The man himselfhimself told me so. told me so.4 4. .疑问代词疑问代词WhoWho are you talking to are you talking to？WhatWhat can I do for you can I do for you？WhoWho came to see you this morning came to see you this morning？不重读的

22、代词有：人称代词，反身代词，物主代词不重读的代词有：人称代词，反身代词，物主代词（形容词性），相互代词，关系代词（形容词性），相互代词，关系代词HeHe hasnt seen hasnt seen mymy brother yet. brother yet.HeHe hurt hurt himselfhimself when he was playing football. when he was playing football.TheyThey often help often help each othereach other. .The girl who spoke to The gi

23、rl who spoke to youyou just now is just now is mymy sister. sister.三、形容词：三、形容词：形容词（包括分词作形容词）一般都会重读形容词（包括分词作形容词）一般都会重读; ;数词一般都应重数词一般都应重读读The streets are The streets are widewide，cleanclean and and beautifulbeautiful. .This This narrownarrow valley was the scene of a valley was the scene of a famousfa

24、mous battle. battle.His His firstfirst daughter is daughter is fifteenfifteen. .Its a Its a dulldull and and disappointingdisappointing film. film.The The worriedworried man entered the man entered the crowdedcrowded street. street.He bought He bought tenten cups and I bought only cups and I bought

25、only fourfour. .四、冠词：四、冠词： 冠词一般都不重读冠词一般都不重读He lives in He lives in a a house not far from the school. house not far from the school.Its Its anan hours drive from hours drive from thethe old station. old station.TheThe man over there is my brother. man over there is my brother.AnAn elephant is elepha

26、nt is anan animal. animal.五、五、动词动词 主要动词，或称实意动词、行为动词（主要动词，或称实意动词、行为动词（notional notional verbverb）都要重读（）都要重读（be havebe have除外）除外）He He takestakes a walk after supper every day. a walk after supper every day.Dont Dont forgetforget your homework. your homework.I I supposesuppose you you knowknow him. hi

27、m.非限定动词一般也都重读非限定动词一般也都重读不定式不定式 We decided to We decided to startstart the next day. the next day.分词分词 We sat at the desk We sat at the desk writingwriting a letter. a letter.动名词动名词 Its no use Its no use askingasking him about that. him about that.助动词和情态动词与助动词和情态动词与notnot构成的缩略式要重读构成的缩略式要重读I I dontdon

28、t want to go there today. want to go there today.He He wasntwasnt surprised when I told him the news. surprised when I told him the news.We We cantcant stay any longer. stay any longer.DontDont you think you you think you shouldntshouldnt say such things? say such things?We must do it now, We must d

29、o it now, mustntmustnt we? we?DoDo用于肯定句表示强调时，总是重读的用于肯定句表示强调时，总是重读的I I dodo hope this will be effective. hope this will be effective.He He doesdoes need your help. need your help.We We diddid warn you before. warn you before.DoDo drop in when you are in Xuzhou. drop in when you are in Xuzhou.不重读的动词不重

30、读的动词1. 1. 助动词助动词He He did did not work hard for the exam.not work hard for the exam.We We werewere impressed by their achievements. impressed by their achievements.Much hasMuch has been been said about it. said about it.They will They will bebe surprised at that. surprised at that.2. 2. 情态动词情态动词He H

31、e shouldshould be criticized for doing that. be criticized for doing that.Mary Mary could could do it better than Herbert.do it better than Herbert.I I mustmust go now. go now.Who Who cancan answer this question answer this question？3. 3. 动词动词 be be（是），（是），havehave（有）一般不重读（有）一般不重读I I havehave so man

32、y things to do today. so many things to do today.Few people Few people hadhad TV sets in those days. TV sets in those days.The key The key waswas in the box. in the box. 以上几类通常不重读的动词用于简短回答，或其后省略了主要以上几类通常不重读的动词用于简短回答，或其后省略了主要动词时，要重读；用于一般疑问句句首时有时重读，但在比较动词时，要重读；用于一般疑问句句首时有时重读，但在比较随便的谈话中不必重读随便的谈话中不必重读（

33、）HaveHave you any brothers and sisters you any brothers and sisters？YesYes，I I havehave. .()Are()Are you a student ? you a student ? Yes, I Yes, I amam. .()Can()Can you come this afternoon? you come this afternoon?Yes, I Yes, I cancan. .He said more than he He said more than he should should at the

34、meeting.at the meeting.I dont want to go there, but I I dont want to go there, but I mustmust. .六、副词：六、副词：副词一般都重读副词一般都重读They came back They came back earlyearly yesterday. yesterday. You meet people You meet people everywhereeverywhere. .Ive Ive nevernever heard of such a thing heard of such a thing

35、 beforebefore. .PerhapsPerhaps shell arrive shell arrive tonighttonight. .Tell him to come Tell him to come inin. .A car dashed A car dashed pastpast. .Thank you for coming to see me Thank you for coming to see me offoff. .但关系副词不重读但关系副词不重读He visited the small village He visited the small village whe

36、rewhere he was born. he was born.They came right at the time They came right at the time whenwhen we needed their we needed their help.help.This is the reasonThis is the reason why why they failed. they failed.七、七、介词介词 单音节介词一般都不重读单音节介词一般都不重读All All butbut one of the family are one of the family are

37、atat home. home.How far is it How far is it fromfrom Paris Paris toto London? London?What are you looking What are you looking atat? ?Thats what I was thinking Thats what I was thinking ofof. .多音节的介词常重读，但也可不重读多音节的介词常重读，但也可不重读Ill do it Ill do it ()after()after lunch. lunch.He finished the article He

38、finished the article ()during()during the holidays. the holidays.The man walked The man walked a()longa()long the street. the street.He searched He searched a()monga()mong the papers. the papers.I forgot all I forgot all a()bouta()bout it. it.I have nothing to say I have nothing to say con()cerningc

39、on()cerning this problem. this problem.Put it Put it oppositeopposite the door. the door.在不重读的连系动词在不重读的连系动词bebe或人称代词后，不论是单音节或多音节或人称代词后，不论是单音节或多音节介词都重读介词都重读Theyre Theyre byby the window. the window.He was He was inin the sitting-room. the sitting-room.Is it Is it nearnear the post office? the post of

40、fice?The teacher was The teacher was withwith us at the picnic. us at the picnic.It was It was duringduring the interval. the interval.He was He was besidebeside himself with rage. himself with rage.They are They are behindbehind the door. the door.介词在句首时常可重读介词在句首时常可重读OnOn his way home he met an old

41、 friend. his way home he met an old friend.InIn the room they found a little boy. the room they found a little boy. UnderUnder the tree stands a tall man. the tree stands a tall man.连接词连接词：单一的并列连接词（包括关联连接词单一的并列连接词（包括关联连接词bothandbothand neithernorneithernor等）和从属连词都不重读等）和从属连词都不重读He came He came andand

42、 spoke to us. spoke to us. I saw it I saw it but but didnt read it.didnt read it.Lets run Lets run oror well be late. well be late.That takes both time That takes both time andand energy. energy.NeitherNeither you you nornor I can solve the problem. I can solve the problem.I suggest I suggest thatth

43、at we give up the plan. we give up the plan.连接词词组连接词词组 其中重要的词要重读其中重要的词要重读还有一些意味较强的连接词也要重读还有一些意味较强的连接词也要重读If If onlyonly I knew how to do it. I knew how to do it.Hell help us on Hell help us on conditioncondition that we trust him. that we trust him.Well start tomorrow Well start tomorrow eveneven if

44、 it rains. if it rains.They have never met They have never met everever since 1980. since 1980.The meeting will begin as The meeting will begin as soonsoon as the guests come. as the guests come.Youll succeed so Youll succeed so longlong as you work hard. as you work hard.Its such a Its such a pityp

45、ity that you cant come. that you cant come.八、八、感叹词感叹词 感叹词是表示某种感情的自然一般都重读感叹词是表示某种感情的自然一般都重读AhAh！ Oh Oh！Fancy ! Goodness!Fancy ! Goodness!Nonsense! Hello!Nonsense! Hello!Indeed ! How awful!Indeed ! How awful!但如果后面紧跟一个有强重音的但如果后面紧跟一个有强重音的 词，单音节的感叹词可以词，单音节的感叹词可以不重读，但音调很高不重读，但音调很高Ah no Oh well Oh dearAh n

46、o Oh well Oh dear英语节奏是指重读音节和非重读音英语节奏是指重读音节和非重读音节交替出现的现象。节交替出现的现象。英语的节奏规律是以重音定时的，英语的节奏规律是以重音定时的，即重读音节彼此距离相等。即重读音节彼此距离相等。英语的节奏主要是靠重音来控制的；英语的节奏主要是靠重音来控制的；长短分明；长短分明；轻重分明；轻重分明；写：写：Birds eat worms.Birds have eaten worms.Birds should have eaten worms.读：读：Birds eat worms.Birds have eaten worms.Birds should

47、have eaten worms.1. 1. 句中重读音节出现频率高时，通常语速会句中重读音节出现频率高时，通常语速会慢一些，音节听起来自然也清楚些；慢一些，音节听起来自然也清楚些；2. 2. 重读音节之间拥挤着出现的非重读音节听重读音节之间拥挤着出现的非重读音节听起来轻快而含糊。起来轻快而含糊。3. 3. 在不受其他因素的影响下，话语中重音之间的间隔在不受其他因素的影响下，话语中重音之间的间隔时间大致相等。也就是说，根据英语的节奏规律，话时间大致相等。也就是说，根据英语的节奏规律，话语说起来所需的时间不决定于它有多少个单词，多少语说起来所需的时间不决定于它有多少个单词，多少个音节，而是取决于

48、它有多少个重音。个音节，而是取决于它有多少个重音。E.g. : bread and milk (O o O) E.g. : bread and milk (O o O) some bread and some milk (o O o o O) some bread and some milk (o O o o O)两者的重读音节数相同，故朗读两者的时间大致相等。两者的重读音节数相同，故朗读两者的时间大致相等。A ANot me!So what?Why not?Good luck!A a ATry again.What is more.Write it down.Put it there.a A

49、 aI hope so.Of course not.Excuse me.With pleasure. a A a aA friend of mineIts possible.Im used to it.He thinks he did. a A a a AI want you to know.Shes gone to the film.I made a mistake.He told me he would.在实际语言中，节奏的样式复杂的多，但无非是有在实际语言中，节奏的样式复杂的多，但无非是有些非重读音节多一些，有些则少一些，这就要求我些非重读音节多一些，有些则少一些，这就要求我们在说话时调整好。们在说话时调整好。 A a A a A A a a ASchool begins at this