写作教程第2版课件u3

1、English Writing IIWarm-up Activities Introduce your university/dormitory/classroom. Whats your overall impression of the university? Which building or location catches your attention first? Which place do you want to describe next? And then? What do you want to describe last? What order does your de

2、scription follow? Why do you choose this order? Reference : In a paragraph describing your university, you might develop the paragraph by space in several different ways: 1) You might use some important landmark, for example, the library, and describe other locations in relation to it. The order in

3、which you discuss each location is not as important as their relationships with the landmark. 2) You might use an important landmark as the starting point and move from it to the next location, on to another, and so on, perhaps ending back at the original landmark. 3) Another type of development by

4、space might stress the boundaries of an area. The order in which these are listed is not necessarily important so long as there is a logical progression from location to location. 4) Still another spatial development might stress the inter-relationships between locations. Unit 3 Places In this unit

5、emphasis will be laid on the organizational features of description by space or spatial order.Part II Development by Space Development by space order: left to right, right to left, near to far, far to near, low to high, high to low, etc. Pages 26-27 Read sample 2 and sample 3and finish the following

6、 tasks. 1. Analyze their paragraph structures. 2. Underline the transitional signals. 3. Summarize the order of the details in each sample. 4. What are different writing techniques/ features in supporting descriptive writing? And their different effects? Sample 2 Questions: 1. Which is the topic sen

7、tence? The first sentence is the topic sentence. 2. Whats the method used to develop the paragraph? The paragraph is developed in space order. 3. Please finish the following partial outline according to how the details are arranged. The central focus is a deplorable barn. The general arrangement of

8、details is from the outside of the barn to the inside. There are two other patterns: details concerning the outside are arranged from top to bottom; those concerning the inside are arranged from left to right, to the rear, and finally to the overhead Summarize the pattern of the paragraph: This para

9、graph is a description of “my grandfathers barn.” In order to create a “deplorable” impression, the writer selects very specific words and arranges these descriptive details in a natural order of their physical layout: from the exterior to the interior of the barn. The details concerning the outside

10、 of the barn are arranged from the top of the barn to the bottom; those about the inside are arranged from left to right, to the rear, and finally to the overhead. Through this orderly sequence, the reader can visualize the scene very vividly and grasp the relationships of the objects. Sample 3 Ques

11、tions: 1. What is described in the paragraph? An athletes room is described in the paragraph. 3. First match the objects described with the corresponding phrases of location. Then put them in the right order according to the sequence in which they appear in the description. 1) closet to my right 2)

12、cap on the shelf 3) bed the far wall 4) lamp on the top of the nightstand to the left of the bed 5) schedule on the wall above the nightstand 6) desk the left wall 7) medals on the shelves 8) window next to the desk 9) dresser between the window and the left corner 2. What does the writer describe f

13、irst? And last? What order does he/she follow? What do you think he/she has followed that particular order? The first thing the writer describes is the closet, and the last is a dresser. The description is organized according to the spatial order. The writer presents an orderly description just as h

14、is eyes might move from right to left around the room. Summarize the pattern of the sample paragraph This sample paragraph displays an artistic grouping of details in space. Things are related to each other by the order in which they are placed in space. With the use of specific space signals, we ar

15、e led by the writer to experience the room vividly from right to left, from larger items to smaller ones as if we were actually “seeing” it.Organizational Structure Sample 1 (Page 25) Read these two paragraphs, identify the different writing techniques, and summarize the different effect of them. Pa

16、ragraph A is developed according to time sequence, which shows the chronological order through the use of such time signals as 30,000,000 years ago, 2400 BC, 600 BC, AD 200, AD 100. Paragraph B is arranged according to space, which describes the cultivation of the grape from its original place. Here

17、 are the places mentioned in Paragraph B. Grape Cultivation Starting from the Caspian Sea To Asia Minor Greece Sicily France Germany England India America Can you identify the order in which the places are introduced? (para. B) The places are introduced in an order of “west to east, near to far” The

18、 different effect of these two paragraphs: A: the history of the grape B: the grape cultivation in different areasLinking Devices Page 28, sample This is a rather complex paragraph of description introducing a place. What features and techniques could you summarize and learn from it? Linking Devices

19、 Questions 1.This sample paragraph is developed according to spatial order. Can you identify those words or phrases that show spatial order? What is their effect? Words and phrases that indicate location: inside, in the right-hand side, in the opposite end, down the center, at the end of, the left-h

20、and. These spatial connectors suggest that the writer organizes the paragraph in a particular order, i.e. from one side of the pet shop to the center, and then to the other side, thus making the description clear and orderly. As a result, readers will not get lost while the description proceeds. 2.

21、What is the general impression created in the paragraph? Make a list of all the details you can find that support the general impression. The general impression of the place described is “depressing.” The specific details: puppies behind glass; unpleasant smell; chained birds; rows of cages; dirty t

22、ub of turtles; stuffy atmosphere; kittens in the window; sounds of caged animals; dropping and urine on newspapers. 4. Has the writer focused on one or more of the senses of sight, sound, taste, smell, etc.? Is it effective? In addition to sight, the writer has also appealed to the other senses such

23、 as touch, hearing, and smell. Through the rich perceptions the reader will gain a fuller and more vivid picture of the scene. 5. Complete the following blanks: Examples of description concerning sight: black-and-white kittens piled together; a line of large wooden perches; parrots flutter their clipped wings; stagnant-looking water; motionless turtles; Examples of description concerning sound: clawing, shuffling sound; Examples of description concerning smell: unpleasant mixture of strong chemical deodor