2022考研英语真题2022考研英语一真题pdf.doc

1、2022考研英语真题2022考研英语一真题pdf20XX 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)真题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Today we live in a world where GPS systems, digital maps, and other navigation apps

2、 are available on our smart phone 1 of us just walk straight into the woods without a phone. But phones 2 on batteries, and batteries can die faster than we realize. 3 you get lost without a phone or a pass, and you 4 cant find north, a few tricks to help you navigate 5 to civilization, one of which

3、 is to follow the land. When you find yourself well 6 a trail, but not in a pletely 7 area, you have to answer two questions: Which 8 is downhill, in this particular area? And where is the nearest water source? Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys, and on supplies of fresh water. 9 , if you head do

4、wnhill, and follow any H2O you find, you should 10 see signs of people. If youve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familiar sightsyou may be 11 how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings. Another 12 :Climb high and look for signs of human habitation. 13

5、,even in dense forest, you should able to 14 gaps in the tree line due to roads, train tracks, and other paths people carve 15 the woods. Head toward these 16 to find a way out. At night, scan the horizon for 17 light sources, such as fires and streetlights, then walk toward the glow of light pollut

6、ion. 18 ,assuming youre lost in an area humans tend to frequent, look for the 19 we leave on the landscape. Trail blazes, tire tracks, and other features can 20 you to civilization. 1. A Some B Most C Few D All 2. A put B take C run D e 3. A Since B If C Though D Until 4. A formally B relatively C g

7、radually D literally 5. A back B next C around D away 6. A onto B off C across D alone 7. A unattractive B uncrowded C unchanged D unfamiliar 8. A site B point C way D place 9. A So B Yet C Instead D Besides 10.A immediately B intentionally C unexpectedly D eventually 11.A surprised B annoyed C frig

8、htened D confused 12.A problem B option C view D result 13.A Above all B In contrast C On average D For exle 14.A bridge B avoid C spot D separate 15.A form B through C beyond D under 16.A posts B links C shades D breaks 17.A artificial B mysterious C hidden D limited 18.A Finally B Consequently C i

9、ncidentally D Generally 19.A memories B marks C notes D belongings 20.A restrict B adopt C lead D expose Section II Reading prehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) b

10、ack and forth until one winner emerges from all who entered. Everybody else loses. This kind of thinking is why so many people try to avoid arguments, especially about politics and religion. E. In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People, Dale Carnegie wrote: “There is only one way.to g

11、et the best of an argument-and that is to avoid it. “This aversion to arguments is mon, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes profound problems for our personal and social lives- and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place. F. These views of arguments also un

12、dermine reason. If you see a conversation as a fight or petition, you can win by cheating as long as you dont get caught. You will be happy to convince people with bad arguments. You can call their views stupid, or joke about how ignorant they are. None of these tricks will help you understand them,

13、 their positions or the issues that divide you, but they can help you win-in one way. G. There is a better way to win arguments. Imagine that you favor increasing the minimum wage in our state, and I do not. If you yell, “Yes,”and I yell. “No,” neither of us learns anything. We neither understand no

14、r respect each other, and we have no basis for promise or cooperation. In contrast, suppose you give a reasonable argument: that full-time workers should not have to live in poverty. Then I counter with another reasonable argument: that a higher minimum wage will force businesses to employ fewer peo

15、ple for less time. Now we can understand each others positions and recognize our shared values, since we both care about needy workers. 41. 42. F 43. 44. C45. Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be writ

16、ten neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) It was only after I started to write a weekly column about the medical journals, and began to read scientific papers from beginning to end, that I realized just how bad of the medical literature frequently was. I came to recognise various signs of a bad pa

17、per: the kind of paper that purports to show that people who eat more than one kilo of broccoli a week were 1.17 times more likely than those who eat less to suffer late in life from pernicious anaemia. 46) There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up b

18、y broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms. Why is so much bad science published? A recent paper, titled The Natural Selection of Bad Science”, published on the Royal Societys open science website, attempts to answer this intriguing and importa

19、nt question. It says that the problem is not merely that people do bad science, but that our current system of career advancement positively encourages it. What is important is not truth, but publication, which has bee almost an end in itself. There has been a kind of inflationary process at work: 4

20、7) nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number of papers that would have been required for the same post only 10 years ago. Never mind the quality, then, count the number. 48)Attempts have been made to curb this tendency, for exle, by trying to incorporate som

21、e measure of quality as well as quantity into the assessment of an applicants papers. This is the famed citation index, that is to say the number of times a paper has been ed elsewhere in the scientific literature, the assumption being that an important paper will be cited more often than one of sma

22、ll account. 49) This would be reasonable if it were not for the fact that scientists can easily arrange to cite themselves in their future publications, or get associates to do so for them in return for similar favors. Boiling down an individuals output to simple metrics, such as number of publicati

23、ons or journal impacts, entails considerable savings in time, energy and ambiguity. Unfortunately, the long-term costs of using simple quantitative metrics to assess researcher merit are likely to be quite great. 50) If we are serious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful and reproducib

24、le, we must ensure that our institutions encourage that kind of science. 46) There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms. 47) Nowadays anyone applying f

25、or a research post has to have published twice the number of papers that would have been required for the same post only 10 years ago. 48) Attempts have been made to curb this tendency, for exle, by trying to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity into the assessment of an applicants papers. 49) This would be reasonable if it were not for the fact that scientists can easily arrange to cite themselves in their future publication or get associates