上海版沪版牛津各单元知识点梳理及练习8Bunit3

1、牛津版本 8B Unit 3. Words.1. servant n. 仆人；佣人 e. g. Fire and water may be good servants, but bad masters. 谚水火是忠仆，用之不慎成灾主。 A politician should be a servant of the people. 政治家应当是人民的公仆。【知识拓展】 serve v. 服务，待客e.g. They served the guests a wonderful dinner. 他们以盛宴招待客人们。service n. 服务e. g. The train service to th

2、e capital is very good. 开往首都的火车服务设施非常好。2. trick v. 欺骗；坑人e. g. Her tricked me into giving him the money. 他哄骗我给了他钱。（常与out of连用）骗走，恶作剧e.g. His partner tried to trick him out of his share. 他的合伙人企图骗走他的股份。【知识拓展】 trick n. 诡计；骗术，花招e. g. I can do magic tricks. 我会变魔术。 The children played a trick on their teac

3、her. 孩子们捉弄了他们的老师。3. electricity n. 电 e.g. The power station supplies electricity to this area. 这个电站供应这个区域的电。【知识拓展】 electrician n. 电工 electric adj. 发电的，由电产生的e.g. an electric cenerator发电机 an electric plug电源插头 an electric iron电熨斗4. flow v. 流动e.g. The cars flowed in a steady stream along the main road.

4、汽车在主干道上不停地驶过。【常用搭配】 flow away流走；流逝 flow down流下 flow into流入e.g. Time flows away quickly. 时光飞逝。 Waterfall flows down to the bottom of the hill. 瀑布飞流直下到山脚下。 Rivers flow into the sea. 江河流入海中。5. meter n. 仪表；计量表【常用搭配】 a gas meter煤气表 an electricity meter电表 a speed meter速度表e.g. There's a gas meter in ev

5、ery home. 在每间屋里都有煤气表。6. amount n. 数量；量e.g. No amount of washing will remove them. 怎么洗也洗不掉。 What is the amount of this? 这总共是多少？7. monthly adv. 每月一次e.g. A monthly paper is printed every month. We read it monthly. 月刊是每月印刷的，我们按月读它。 We pay the telephone bill monthly. 我们每月付一次电话账单。【知识拓展】 daily adv. 每天一次，每天

6、地 weekly adv. 每周一次，每周地 yearly adv. 每年一次，每年地8. explanation n. 解释；解说；说明e.g. The only explanation for his behaviour is that he's mad. 对他的行为的唯一解释就是他疯了。【知识拓展】 explain v. 解释；说明e.g. Can you explain why you were late? 你能解释一下你为什么迟到吗？9. scratch v. 搔；挠 e.g. He scratched the insect bite on his leg with his

7、nails. 他用指甲挠他腿上虫咬的地方。 （常与out，off，through连用）刮掉，削去；擦去：删掉；划掉 e.g. Her name had been scratched out of the list. 她的名字已从名单上划掉了。 Could you help me scratch the rust off the wheel? 你能帮我把轮子上的锈刮掉吗？10. invisible adj. 看不见的；无形的 e.g. Air is invisrble, but we can feel it when it moves. 空气是看不见的，但是当它移动的时候我们能感受到。【知识拓展

8、】 visible adj. 看得见的；明显的；显著的 vision n. 视力e.g. Air isn't a visible object. 空气不是可见物体。 She has good vision. 她的视力很好。11. form n. 形状；形式e.g. He seems to dislike any form of exercise. 他好像讨厌任何方式的运动。【知识拓展】 form n. 方式；制度e.g. Different countries have different forms of government. 不同的国家有不同的政治制度。l2. energy n.

9、 能量e.g. Young people usually have more energy than the old. 年轻人通常比老年人有活力。 Each year Americans use a high percentage of the world's energy. 每年美国人消耗掉世界能源的比例很高。【知识拓展】 energetic adj. 精力充沛的e.g. He is an energetic child.他是个精力旺盛的孩子。13. bulb n. 电灯泡e.g. The bulb is broken. Please change another one. 这个灯泡

10、坏了，请再换一个。14. connect v. 连接，联合e.g. Will you connect this wire to the television? 你把这根电线和电视机连上好吗？ This thick wire is connected to my computer. 这根粗电线连接到我的电脑上。 This flight connects with a flight for New York. 这个航班可接上飞往纽约的一班飞机。【常用搭配】 connect with和有联系，和有关e.g. People connect Vienna with waltzes and coffee-

11、houses. 人们一提到维也纳就会联想到华尔兹圆舞曲和咖啡馆。15. bury v. 埋葬，掩埋e.g. The house was half buried under snow. 房子一半埋在雪中。 Many men were buried underground when there was an accident at the mine. 矿上发生意外事故时，许多矿工都被埋在地下。 He buried himself in his work. 他埋头工作。16. politely adv. 客气地，斯文地e.g. You should serve our guests pohiely.

12、 你必须有礼貌地服务我们的客人。 Tom offered me a cigarette. I refused politely. 汤姆给我一支烟，我礼貌地拒绝了。【知识拓展】 polite adj. 有礼貌的；斯文的 politeness n. 有礼，优雅e.g. It wasn't very polite of you to serve yourself without asking. 你也不问一声就自己吃起来是不太礼貌的。17. grin v. 露齿笑，咧嘴笑e.g. There was a grin on his face when he opened his birthday

13、presents. 当他打开他的生日礼物时，他的脸上露齿一笑。【知识拓展】 grin vt. 咧嘴而笑e. g. He was grinning with delight. 他高兴得咧开嘴笑。18. battery n. 电池e. g. Our bus won't start because the battery is flat. 我们的大客车发动不起来了，因为电池坏了。 This pocket calculator needs two batteries. 这个袖珍计算器需用两节干电池。19. contain v. 包含，含有e. g. Pig iron may contarn 4

14、%of carbon. 生铁可含百分之四的碳。 The bottle contains two pints. 这瓶装两品脱。指点迷津：contain, hold 两个单词都含“包含，容纳”的意思。contain着重“其中确实包含有”。 e. g. The bottle contains water.这个瓶子里有水。 hold指“能容纳”。 e. g. The house holds 20 people. 这房子能住下20人。. Daily expressions. 日常表达1. be careful with谨慎，小心 e. g. Be careful with those delicate

15、plates. 使用那些细巧的盘子要小心。 Be careful when you're crossing the road. 过马路时要当心。2. change into 变为；使改变 e.g. The next morning, the water had changed into ice. 第二天早晨，水变成了冰。 We can change electricity into different forms of energy such as light energy. 我们能把电变成各种形式的能量，比如光能。 The witch tried to change iron int

16、o gold. 那位巫婆试图把铁变成金。3. think of思考，想出来 e.g. Have you thought of what job you are going to do? 你考虑过准备做什么工作了吗？ We are thinking of going to France. 我们正考虑到法国去。 I cant think of his name at the moment. 我一时想不起他的名字。4. be connected to被连接到 e.g. Are these cables connected to the power station?这些电缆是连接到发电站的吗？ The

17、 channel will connect Britain to Europe for the first time in history. 这条隧道将有史以来第一次把英国和欧洲大陆连接起来。5. at last最后 e.g. He waited for the bus for an hour. At last, it arrived. 他等了一个小时的公交车，最后终于来了。【随堂小练】I . Fill in the blanks with the given words in their proper forms.1. Would you like to get me some (batte

18、ry)?2. Don't always do such (fool) things, boy!3. Modern Family is a popular (month) magazine.4. In our daily life, electricity is a good (serve), but a dangerous one.5. The weather in Shanghai is always (change) in spring.II. Choose the right word to complete the sentence.1. I usually get the b

19、ill (to / for) water at the end of the month.2. The book is too difficult for a child to understand (in / by) a way.3. Please be careful (to / with) your steps on the rainy days.4. Do you know the keyboard is connected (to / with) the computer?5. We can buy rice and flour (in / of) packets.【keys】I.

20、1. batteries 2. foolish 3. monthly 4. servant 5. changeable II. 1. for 2. in 3. with 4. to 5. in Step 4: Important Sentences structures.1. She thinks she can buy it in packets, like sweets！ 句中can是一个情态动词，意为“能，可能”。情态动词无词性变化，表主语或说话者的语气。(1)肯定句：主语+can+动词原形 e.g. I can play football. 我能踢足球。(2)否定句：主语+cannot

21、 (can't)+动词原形 e.g. I can't play football. 我不能踢足球。(3)疑问句：Can+主语+动词原形 回答：Yes, +主语十can. /No, +主语+can't. e.g. Can you play football? Yes, I can./No, I can't. 你能踢足球吗？是的，我能。不，我不能。2. although electricity is much more dangerous than water.(1) more+ adj. +than e.g. Is this snake more dangerou

22、s than that one? 这条蛇比那一条更危险吗？(2) more十n./phrase十than e.g. There are more students in Class 3 than those in Class 2. 三班的学生比二班的多。【知识拓展】 关于比较级和最高级:(1) 对于单音节或双音节的形容词我们一般在后面加上-er和-est。e.g. small- smaller- smallest; big- bigger- biggest, funny- funnier- funniest slow- slower- slowest; fast- faster- fastes

23、t但要注意一些由形容词变化而来的副词，虽然其形式上为双音节，但它们的比较级和最高级要加more和most。e.g. slowly-more slowly-the most slowly; friendly-more friendly-the most friendly; happily- more happily- the most happily(2)对于多音节的形容词，它们的比较级和最高级要加more和most。e.g. beautiful- more beautiful- the most beautiful; dangerous- more dangerous- the most da

24、ngerous, difficult-more difficult-the most difficult3. You must always be careful with it. 句中must是一个情态动词，意为“必须，一定”。 (1)肯定句：主语+must+动词原形 e. g. I must go home now. 我现在必须回家。 (2)否定句：主语+must not (mustn't)+动词原形 e.g. I mustnt go home now. 我现在不准回家。(3)疑问句：Must+主语+动词原形 回答：Yes, 十主语+must. No, +主语十needn'

25、t. e.g. Must I go home now? Yes, you must.No, you needn't. 现在我必须回家吗？是的，你必须。不，你不必。4. May I have my packet of electricity? 句中may是一个情态动词，意为“可以”。(1)肯定句：主语+may+动词原形¨e. g. You may sit down. 你可以坐下。(2)否定句：主语+may not+动词原形 You may not sit down. 你不可以坐下。(3)疑问句：May+主语+动词原形 回答：Yes, +主语+may. /No, +主语+may not.