选修八第五单元阅读课

1、ReadingWhat is it?Pre-readingPossible answer Zhoukoudian is a relic of primitive culture, 48 kilometers southwest of downtown Beijing, where Longgushan (dragon skeleton mountain) is standing. Several decades ago, local farmers Tell what you have known about Zhoukoudian Caves. mined lime-stone in Zho

2、ukoudian, came upon some bone fossils and called them “the Dragon Bones”. Zhoukoudian became known as “Dragon Bone Mountain”. Drugstores purchased the bones as a medical ingredient. The news about the “magic bones” drew attention of scientists. In 1929 these lime-stone caves became world famous with

3、 the discovery of a skull and two teeth dating back 200,000 to 500,000 years. They were named Peking Man. But the fossils were lost during World War II. Many of the implements used by those early humans, and bones of animals they hunted are on display at a museum near the site of the discovery. With

4、 the steadily increased number of visitors from all over the world, Zhoukoudian has become a scenic spot of Beijing. Now read the dialogue aloud please. Tell the 3 topics that the archaeologist talked about.SkimmingStage 1Stage 2Stage 3Life in the caveWhat we can learn from a needleWhat we can learn

5、 from a necklace Read the text again and get the main idea of the dialogue and then write down the three ways in which the life of early people differs from modern ones.ScanningHomesToolsDressCaves, perhaps with skins to keep out the coldScrapers, axe-heads, bone needlesAnimal skins sewn together wi

6、th needles and thread, necklacesRelicsDescriptions of the relicsConclusionsCaves Human and animal bones, tools and ornaments in those caves.Early people lived in the caves.They used fire to keep warm, cook food and _ wild animals away. They might have kept the fire _ all winterscareburningCareful re

7、adingI. Read the text carefully and fill in the blanks.RelicsDescriptions of the relicsConclusionsCaves Fireplaces inthe centre of the caves_ of ash almost six metres thickNo doorsThey might have hung animal _ at the cave mouth to keep out the cold.Tigers and bears might have been their most dangero

8、us enemies.LayersskinsRelicsDescriptions of the relicsConclusionsA needle At most three centimetres longMade of _.Perhaps they cut animal skins andsewed the pieces together to make _. A necklace Made of animal bones and shells There was _ between them or they travelled to the _ on their journeys. bo

9、neclothestradeseaside 1. Why have the English students come to the Zhoukoudian caves? The students want to find out about how early people lived. There are no such sites in England while the Zhoukoudian caves provide an excellent example of a site where early people lived. II. Answer the following q

10、uestions after a careful reading. 3. How did they keep warm? They constructed the fires in the center of the caves to keep them warm. They might have kept fires burning all winter. They hung animal skins at the cave mouth to keep out the cold. 2. Where did early people live? Early people lived in ca

11、ves.4. What did they use for doors? The archaeologist thinks they may have used animal skins.5. What did they eat? They ate animal meat, such as tigers and bears, and fish from the lake nearby. They also picked fruit when it was ripe.6. What animals were their most dangerous enemies? Tigers and bear

12、s were their most dangerous enemies. Their clothes were made from animal skins. They used sharpened stone tools to cut up the animals and remove their skin. Then smaller scrapers were used to clean the fat and meat from them. They had to rub an ample amount of salt inside the skin to make it soft en

13、ough. Finally, they would have cut it and sewn the pieces together with needles made of animal bones.7. How did they make clothes? Some of the necklace beads were made of animal bones but some were made of shells, which tell us that all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.

14、 Perhaps there was trade between early people or they traveled to the seaside on their journeys.8. What can we learn from the necklace they wore?9. What did the earliest people use fire for? They used fire to keep them warm, cook the food and scare the animals.10. Whats the main idea of the text? A

15、brief introduction of the life and habits of the earliest people in Zhoukoudian.1. Where do the caves lie? A. In the forest. B. On the seaside. C. At the foot of the hill. D. Higher up the hill.2. Which of the following is the correct order about how early people made clothes? a. clean the fat and m

16、eat from the skin b. cut up the animals c. rub salt inside the skin d. remove the skin e. sew the pieces together A. b-d-c-a-e B. b-d-a-c-e C. b-a-d-c-e D. b-a-c-d-e3. Which of the following shows us the earliest people and the modern people have something in common? A. People hung animal skins to k

17、eep out the cold B. People never grew their own crops C. People use science D. People care about their appearance4. What can we infer from the sentences- “This one looks very like a fish bone. Is it reasonable? -Yes indeed, as the botanical analyses have shown us, all the fields around here used to

18、be part of a large shallow lake. Probably there were fish in it.”? A. Being an archaeologist needs a wide range of knowledge. B. A lake is not the sea. C. People can identify the fish by the colour. D. A fish bone can be made into a necklace.Modern people Peking ManAccuracyPlace for livingStone, woo

19、den or brick house. CaveVery accurate Compare modern people and Peking man, and finish the following form.Modern people Peking ManAccuracyFurni-tureWooden, special for each roomfireplace AccurateModern people Peking ManAccuracyEntertain-mentTV, sport, films, hobbies, education, job Meals together In

20、accurateModern people Peking ManAccuracyFoodFruit, vegetables, meat and fish, etc. Meat, fish, berries and fruit in season AccurateModern people Peking ManAccuracyClothingNatural and man-made fibres. skins, leaves Accurate 1. alternative n something that you can choose to do or use instead of someth

21、ing else 替换物替换物 There are some alternatives to our plan. 有几种方案可以代替我们的计划。有几种方案可以代替我们的计划。Explanation2. You must be aware that its here that we found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world. 想必你们知道想必你们知道, 正是在这儿我们找到正是在这儿我们找到 了居住在世界这个部分最早人类的证据。了居住在世界这个部分最早人类的证据。 He had

22、 no alternative but to go there alone. 他别无选择他别无选择, 只好一个人去那儿。只好一个人去那儿。 a. You must be aware that主句后接由强主句后接由强调句和定语从句组成的宾语从句。调句和定语从句组成的宾语从句。 must是作为情态动词表示肯定推测是作为情态动词表示肯定推测, 译译作作“一一 定定, 肯定肯定”。只用于肯定推测。只用于肯定推测。 对对现在或将来事实推测，用现在或将来事实推测，用 “must do”。 You must be hungry after a long walk 走了很长的路走了很长的路, 你一定很饿。你一

23、定很饿。 对正发生或进行的事进行推测对正发生或进行的事进行推测, 用用“must be doing”。 The light is on. He must be doing his homework now 灯亮着灯亮着, 他一定正在做作业。他一定正在做作业。 对过去的事进行推测对过去的事进行推测, 用用“must have done”。 The ground is wet. It must have rained last night. 地是湿的地是湿的, 昨晚一定下雨了。昨晚一定下雨了。 此时此时, 应注意反意疑问句的构成。如果句应注意反意疑问句的构成。如果句中有表示过去的时间状语中有表示过

24、去的时间状语, 反意疑问句用反意疑问句用“didnt+主语主语”; 如果句中无表示过去的时如果句中无表示过去的时间状语间状语, 反义疑问句用反义疑问句用 “havent/hasnt+主主语语”。 He must have arrived here last night, didnt he? 他一定昨晚就来这儿了他一定昨晚就来这儿了, 不是吗不是吗? He must have arrived here, hasnt he? 他一定来这儿了他一定来这儿了, 不是吗不是吗? b. aware adj意识到的意识到的, 知道的。通常用知道的。通常用作表语作表语。 We should be aware

25、that a lot of animals are becoming endangered 我们必须清楚地认识到许多动物正濒临灭我们必须清楚地认识到许多动物正濒临灭绝的危险。绝的危险。 be aware of sth. 知道；意识到知道；意识到 Though most smokers are aware of the dangers of smoking, they wont given up. c. its here that we 是强调句是强调句,其基本句其基本句式是式是It is (was)+被强调部分被强调部分+that (who)+句子其他部分。此结构强调的成分仅限句子其他部分。此

26、结构强调的成分仅限于主语于主语,宾语和状语。宾语和状语。 It was your mother whom I met in the street 我在街上碰到的是你的母亲。我在街上碰到的是你的母亲。 It was in the street that I met your mother. 我是在街上碰到你母亲的。我是在街上碰到你母亲的。 It was she who had been wrong. 错的是她。错的是她。 It is what you do rather than what you say _ matters. (2005天津高考天津高考) A. that B. what C.

27、which D. this 本题强调主语本题强调主语, 此时应用此时应用that来引导。来引导。 d. “Who lived in this part of the world”是定语从句修饰先行词是定语从句修饰先行词 people。people在定语从句作主语在定语从句作主语, 故用关系代词故用关系代词who来来引导定语从句。引导定语从句。3. We have been excavating here for many years and . 考点考点 have been doing 是现在完成进行是现在完成进行时，表示到现在为止一直在进行的动作，时，表示到现在为止一直在进行的动作，这个动作

28、可能仍在进行，也可能停止了。这个动作可能仍在进行，也可能停止了。考例考例 Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine school, where she _ English for a year.(湖南湖南2007)A. studies B. studiedC. is studying D. has been studying 点拨点拨 根据句子提供的时态和时间状语根据句子提供的时态和时间状语for a year选选D。此处用现在完成进行时。此处用现在完成进行时表示一年以来她一直在学英语。表示一年以来她

29、一直在学英语。4. Im sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here? 很抱歉打扰你很抱歉打扰你, 我想问问他们是怎么我想问问他们是怎么在这里生活的？在这里生活的？ 句型句型“Im sorry.but.”是口语中委婉的是口语中委婉的表达表达, “but”表示语义上的转折。表示语义上的转折。 Are you free this weekend? Im sorry, but l have lots of work to do - 周末有空吗周末有空吗? - 对不起对不起, 我有大量的事要做。我有大量的事要做。2) 打岔打岔; 插嘴插嘴It

30、 is rude to interrupt. “Dont interrupt,” he said.1)阻断阻断, 中断中断 His studies were interrupted by the war Dont interrupt him, for he hasnt finished yet. interrupt v. 打扰，打断，阻碍。常有打扰，打断，阻碍。常有 “使使停止停止(中断中断)”的意思。的意思。 His speech was constantly interrupted by applause. disturb v. 打扰打扰, 妨碍。常指失去了正常妨碍。常指失去了正常的状态或

31、导致困难产生。的状态或导致困难产生。 Bad dreams disturbed her sleep.区别区别: interrupt 和和disturb5. We have found human and animal bones in those caves higher up the hill as well as tools and other objects. 我们在山我们在山的比较高的洞穴里发现了动物和人类的的比较高的洞穴里发现了动物和人类的骨头以及工具和其他物品。骨头以及工具和其他物品。as well as 1) conj. as well as 可以用来连接两个相可以用来连接两个相

32、同的成分同的成分, 如名词如名词, 形容词形容词, 动词动词, 介词介词, 通通常不位于句首。意为常不位于句首。意为“不但不但.而且而且”。2) prep. 相当于相当于besides, in addition to，意为意为“除除.之外之外”, 后面通常接名词或后面通常接名词或动词。动词。As well as eating five course meals, they drank two bottles of wine.She sings as well as playing the piano. Helen as well as I is eager to see the perform

33、ance. 6. So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold 因此我们有理由认为他们不顾寒冷住在因此我们有理由认为他们不顾寒冷住在这些洞穴里。这些洞穴里。 assume vt. 1) to think that something is true although you have no proof of it 假定：假定： 设想设想 The scientists assume that there are no animals on the moon 科学家设

34、想月球上没有动物。科学家设想月球上没有动物。 2) to pretend 装作装作 She assumed a look of surprise 她装出一副吃惊的样子。她装出一副吃惊的样子。 regardless of prep. 1) without being affected by different situations, problems, etc. 不管不管; 不顾不顾 He climbed the building, regardless of the danger 不管有多危险不管有多危险, 他还是爬上了大厦。他还是爬上了大厦。 2) in spite of We will p

35、ersevere regardless of past failures. 尽管以前我们失败过尽管以前我们失败过, 但仍要坚持下去。但仍要坚持下去。7. It seems that they might have used sharpened stone tools to cut up the animals and remove their skin. 考点考点 might have done是是“情态动词情态动词+ have done”，表示对过去情况的推测。，表示对过去情况的推测。此外，此外，“must / can / could / may + have done”也表示对过去发生的事

36、情或情况也表示对过去发生的事情或情况的推测。的推测。考例考例 Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday. You _ it in the wrong place. (江西江西07)A. must put B. should have put C. might put D. might have put 点拨点拨 根据时间状语根据时间状语yesterday可知是对可知是对过去情况的推测，排除过去情况的推测，排除A、C; 根据句意根据句意“你可能是放错了地方你可能是放错了地方”选选D。B项中的项中的should have

37、done 表示表示“本应该做某事本应该做某事, 但实际上未做但实际上未做”。 2) in spite of We will persevere regardless of past failures. 尽管以前我们失败过尽管以前我们失败过, 但仍要坚持下去。但仍要坚持下去。 8. That would have kept them warm, cooked the food and scared wild beasts away as well. 他们用这火取暖、做饭他们用这火取暖、做饭, 还能用火吓还能用火吓跑野兽。跑野兽。 1) would 表示猜测表示猜测, 译为译为 “想想必必”、“肯

38、定会肯定会”。2) keep them warm为为keep+宾语宾语+宾语宾语补足语的结构意为补足语的结构意为 “使使.处于某种状处于某种状态（情况）态（情况）”。用作宾语补足语常见的。用作宾语补足语常见的词有现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词有现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词以及介词短语。词以及介词短语。 He kept me waiting for half an hour. Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open. 9. We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick, w

39、hich suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter. 我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰, 几乎有六几乎有六米厚米厚, 这说明他们可能整个冬季都在烧火。这说明他们可能整个冬季都在烧火。 a. “have been excavating”是现在完成进是现在完成进行时行时, 表示从过去开始一直延续到现在表示从过去开始一直延续到现在, 强调强调动作的继续。动作的继续。 I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still h

40、avent found it 我已经找了三天我丢的书我已经找了三天我丢的书, 但仍没找到。但仍没找到。 b. 句中句中 “ which” 用来引导非限制性定语用来引导非限制性定语从句从句, 先行词为其前的句子。先行词为其前的句子。 c. suggest vt. to make evident indirectly; imply 意为意为“暗示暗示, 意味意味, 表明表明” Her pale face suggests that she was ill. 她苍白的脸色表明她病了。她苍白的脸色表明她病了。 The handwriting of the letter suggests that th

41、e letter might be from a lady 从书信的字体上看从书信的字体上看, 写信人是一位女性。写信人是一位女性。A silence that suggested disapproval.沉默暗示着反对。沉默暗示着反对。His face suggest she is happy now 从他脸上能看出他现在很幸福。从他脸上能看出他现在很幸福。His bad manners suggest a lack of family education他的无礼反映了他缺乏家教。他的无礼反映了他缺乏家教。 但当但当suggest作作“建议建议”讲时讲时, 其用法为其用法为: (+doing

42、) I suggest her going home at once 我建议她马上回家。我建议她马上回家。 +(that) should doI suggested (that) she (should) go home at once我建议她要马上回家。我建议她要马上回家。-How do you _we go to Beijing for our holidays?-I think wed better fly there. Its much more comfortable. A. insist B. wantC. suppose D. suggest A: 你姐姐上哪儿去了你姐姐上哪儿去

43、了? 聚会时我没见到她。聚会时我没见到她。 B: 她可能和朋友游泳去了。她可能和朋友游泳去了。 d. might have doneA: Where was your sister? I didnt see her at the partyB: She might have gone swimming with some friends10. Yes and so well preserved还保存得如此完好。还保存得如此完好。这是省略的句子这是省略的句子, 完整句应是完整句应是: and it is so well preserved (it指指necklace)考点考点 preserve保存；保持。保存；保持。考例考例 At minus 130, a living cell can be _ for a thousand years. (上海上海2007)A. spar