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1、时态的用法:1.一般现在时(1)一般现在时的形式a.主语为第三人称单数,在原形动词后加-s或-esob. be的变化:am,is,arec. have的变化;has,have(2)一般现在时在高考中的基本用法详见下表的总结:具体用法经典例句(1)表小现存的状态、情况Iamalawyernow.我现在;名律师。Thecoatisverycheap.这件外套很便宜。Doesheworkhard他工作努力吗?(2)表示过去、现在和将来都理应存在的客观事实或真理 Aplaneisfasterthanacar.飞机比汽车快。 Thelighttravelsfasterthanthesound.光的传播速

2、度比声音快。3plus2is5.三加二等于五(3)表示现阶段经常性、反复性的活动 Heisalwaysreadytohelpothers.他总是乐于助人。 Hegetsupveryearlyeverymorning.他每天早上很早起床。(4)表示个人的某种性格或者能力Mysisterisshy.我的妹妹很害羞。Tomplaysping-pongwell.汤姆乒乓球打得不错。具体用法经典例句(1)一M现在时代替过去时表示过去的用法在宾语从句中,尽管主句用过去时态,但如果从句所述内容是客观真理或经常性的动作,其谓语动词仍然用一般现在时。Theteachertoldherpupilsthatthes

3、unrisesintheeast.教师告诉她的学生们太阳从东方升坦。叙述往事,使其生动。Napoleon'sarmynowadvancesandthegreatbattlebegins.拿破仑的车队现在前进了,大战役开始了。表示书上说”、报纸上说”之意。Thenewspapersaysthatit'sgoingcoldtomorrow.报纸上说明天天气寒冷。(2)一M现在时代替进行时的用法在进行图片说明、电影说明、戏剧内容及场景解说时常用一般现在时。SceneI(LucyandMissGreenareinthedoctor'sroom-alarge,pleasantro

4、omwithmanybooks.)第一幕(露西和格林小姐在医生的房间里,那里有很多书,宽敞而舒适)在某些习惯性表达法中,表小现在正在发生的动件或行在的状态。Herecomesthebus!公交车了!Howitrains!雨卜得好大啊!一M现在时表小将来的用法表示已对卜或计划好、将来必定会发生的动作或存在的状态时,可用一般现在时。用于这类句型常考的谓语动词包括be,come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin等。MybirthdayfallsonApril21,我的生日是四月二日。Themeetingisat8:00a.m.tomorrow.会议明天上午八点开始。Hisshi

5、pleavesat500p.m.thisafternoon,他的船下午五点开航。®TomorrowwestartforShanghai.明天我们启程去上海。在含有if、although、though、when、while、assoonas等引导的条件、让步、时间等状Ifitisfinetomorrow,wewillgotothecountryside.如果明天天气好,我们将去乡村。(3)一般现在时的特别用法详见下表的总结:tobe语从句的复合句中,从句用一Wewilltrytofinishtheworkintime般现在时表示将来的动作。althoughweareshortofman

6、power.尽管缺乏人力我们还是要设法按时完成这项工作She'llgotoseehimassoonasshearrives.她一到达就去看他。Whenyoumeethim,tellhimtocometomyroom.如果你遇见他,叫他到我这儿总1. (06辽宁)ThefatheraswellaschildreneverySundayafternooninwinter.A.isgoing?B.go?C.goes?D.aregoing2. (06上海)Sendmyregardstoyourlovelywifewhenyouhome.A.wrote?B.willwrite?C.havewri

7、tten?D.write3. (08湖南)DoyouhaveanyproblemsifyouthisjobWell,I'mthinkingaboutthesalary,.?A.offer?B.willoffer?C.areoffered?D.willbeoffered4. (06辽宁)Ithinkitisnecessaryformy19-year-oldsontohavehisownmobilephone,forIsometimeswanttomakesureifhehomefordinner.A.come?B.comes?C.hascome?D.willcome5. Accordin

8、gtothetime-table,thetrainforShanghaiat7o'clockintheevening.A.leaves?B.hasleft?C.wasleft?D.willleave6. (06四JI)Lookatthetimetable.Hurryup!Flight4026offat18:20.?A.takes?B.tookC.willbetaken?D.hastaken7. Galileocollectedfactsthatprovedtheeartharoundthesun.A.moved?B.moves?C.hasmoved?D.hadmoved8. CanIh

9、elpyou,sirYes,Iboughtthisradioyesterday,butit.A.?didn'tworkB.won'twork?C.can'twork?D.doesn'twork9. (06浙江)?Thismachine.Ithasn'tworkedforyears.?A.didn'twork?B.wasn'tworking?C.doesn'twork?D.isn'tworking10. (06全国)Thehousebelongstomyauntbutshehereanymore.A.hasn'tli

10、ved?B.didn'tlive?C.hadn'tlived?D.doesn'tlive11. Everyfewyears,thecoalworkerstheirlungsX-rayedtoensuretheirhealth.A.arehavingB.haveC.havehadD.hadhad12. Barbaraiseasytorecognizeasshe'stheonlyoneofthewomenwhoeveningdress.A.wearB.wearsC.haswornD.haveworn13. Thepalacecaughtfirethreetimesi

11、nthelastcentury,andlittleoftheoriginalbuildingnow.A.remainsB.isremainedC.isremainingD.hasbeenremainedri14. Thewetweatherwillcontinuetomorrow,whenacoldfrontoaiTlVe,A.isexpectedB,isexpectingC.expectsD.willbeexpected15.-Haveyouseenmye-mailaboutourTESL,project-Yes.Luckily,Icheckedmye-mailsyesterday.Norm

12、ally,Imye-mail-boxfordays.A.haven'topenedB.didn'topenC.hadn'topenedD.don'topen16.Hewillcometoseeyouthemomenthehiswork.A.willfinishB.finishesC.wouldfinishD.hadfinished17. Iftheirmarketingplanssucceedthey山山,水*by20percent.A.willincreaseB.havebeenincreasingC.haveincreasedD.wouldbeincreas

13、ing18. ShallIcallatyourhouseatseveno'clocktomorroweveningIawalkinthepark.Soyouwon'tfindmeathomethen.A.shallbetakingB.shalltakeC.willtakeD.amtaking19. -Let'sdiscussthequestionraised国唧,shallwe-Thereisnohurryforthat.Iforaconference.A.headedB.washeadingC.amheadingD.haveheaded20. Onceeducatio

14、nismadefreemanychildrenwhohavedroppedoutofschool.A.willcomebackB.camebackC.havecomebackD.hadcomeback21. -Ringmeatsixtomorrowmorning,willyou-WhythatearlyI.A.willbesleepingB.havesleptC.havebeensleepingD.willsleep22. IsTomstillsmokingNo.BynextSaturdayheforawholemonthwithoutsmokingasinglecigarette.A.wil

15、lgoB.willhavegoneC.goesD.hasbeengoing23. -Lookattheseblackclouds.Itsoon-Sure.Ifonlyweout.A .is raining, didn C. will rain, haven 24. My moneytcomeB.istorain,won'tstart.'tstartedD.isgoingtorain,hadn'tcomenone.I'dbettergotothebanktodrawsomeincaseIinhand.A.hasrunout;willhaveB.isrunningo

16、ut;haveC.hasbeenrunoutof;willhaveD.isrunningoutof;have25. Sorry,Itobuythebookyouneedforyou.Nevermind.itmyselfafterschool.A.forget;I'dratherbuyB.forgot;I'llbuyC.forgot;I'mgoingtobuyD.forget;I'dbetterbuy26. Ladiesandgentlemen,pleasefastenyourseatbelts.Theplane.A.takesoffB.istakingoffC.

17、hastakenoffD.tookoff27. BythetimeyouarriveinLondon,weinEuropefortwoweeks.A.shallstayB.havestayedC.willhavestayedD.havebeenstaying28. WhynotcomeoverattheweekendThechildrenseeingyouagainAenjoyedBwillenjoyCwouldenjoyDhaveenjoyed29. Weshouldgettogethernextweek.Soundslikeaplan!Iyouacall.A.willgiveB.would

18、giveC.havegivenD.give30. I_pingpongquitewell,butIhaventhadtimtehetonpelawyyseianrc.eA.willplayB.haveplayedC.playedD.play31. leaveattheendofthismonth.Idontthinkyoushoulddothatuntilanotherjob.A.Iwill;youvefouBn.dImgoingto;youvefoundC.Iwill;youdfindD.Imgoingto;youdfind32. HowcanIapplyforanonlinecourse?

19、Justfilloutthisformandwewhatwecandoforyou.A.seeB.areseeingC.haveseenD.willsee33. WhatareyougoingtodothisafternoonIamgoingtothecinemawithsomefriends.Thefilmquiteearly,sowe_tothebookstoreafterthat.A.finished;aregoingB.finished;goC.finishes;aregoingD.finishes;go34. Ifeelitisyourhusbandwhoforthespoiledc

20、hild.A.istoblameB.isgoingtoblameC.istobeblamedD.shouldblame35. Remembertosendmeaphotoofusnexttimeyou_tome.A.arewritingB.willwriteC.haswrittenD.write36. Becausetheshop,alltheT-shirtaresoldathalfprice.A.hascloseddownB.closeddownC.isclosingdownD.hadcloseddown37. DoIhavetotakethismedicineItsoterrible.A.

21、tastesB.istastingC.istastedD.hastasted38. WouldyouliketotellmewhatourteachersaidjustnowShesaidthatlightfasterthansound.A.travelsB.traveledC.wouldtravelD.wastraveling39. Thereadolphinshowinthezootomorrowevening.A.wasB.isgoingtohaveC.willhaveD.isgoingtobe2. 一般过去时(1) 一般过去时形式:a. be动词的形式变化。b. 助动词的形式变化。c.

22、 情态动词的形式变化。d. 行为动词一律用过去时,没有人称和数的变化。(2) 一般过去时的用法A.表过去的状态或动作,常带有过去时间状语以及由when等连词引导的状语从句。如:Ireceivedtwolettersfromhomelastweek.上周我收到了两封家信。Theyleftanhourago.他们一小时前离开了。注意:常与一般过去时连用的时间状语有:lastyear去年justnow刚才in2002在2002年atthatmoment在那时afewdaysago几天前intheolddays在过去的岁月里yesterday昨天lastnight昨天晚上atthattime当时the

23、otherday前几天B.过去的习惯动作,常与时间状语如everyday,seldom,usuall冷连用。如:Wesawhimfromtimetotime.过去我们时常看到他。EverymorningItookawalkwhenIlivedinthecountryside.我住在乡下时每天早上都散步。C.在before和after引导的状语从句中,已经表明了时间的先后,所以可用过去时来代替过去完成时。如:HesaidnothingbeforehesawMr.Smith.=HehadsaidnothingbeforehesawMr.Smith.看到史密斯先生之前,他什么话都没说。(3) 一般过

24、去时用法5注意A. havegot+名词,表示宥”,是have的口语用法。如:I'vegotaproblem.=Ihaveaproblem.我有一个难题。B. usedto+动词原形,也可表示过去的习惯动作而现在已经没有了。如:Weusedtospendourvacationsinthemountains畸示现在没有在山区度假了。我们以前常常在山区度假。C. would+动词原形,也可表示过去的习惯。如:Mymotherwouldgodowntownwhenshewasnotbusy.我妈妈以前不忙的时候,常到市中心去。D.过去时和ever,never连用,表示过去的经验”。如:Did

25、youeverseealion你曾见过狮子吗Sheneverheardsuchabeautifulsongbefore.他以前不曾听过这么美的歌。(4) since从句一般用过去时Youhaven'tchangedmuchsincewelastmet.自从上次我们见面以来,你变化不大。It'sthreeyearssincehewentabroad他出国三年了。It'salongtimesincehewasill.他病好了很长时间了。Ihaven'tfoundanyjobsinceIwasoutofwork.自我失业以来,我一直没有找到工作。3. 一般将来时(1)

26、 .一般将来时形式a. 第一人称shall/will+动词原形b. 第二、三人称will+动词原形c. begoing+todod. be+todoe. beabout+todo(2) .一般将来时的用法a. 表示将来的动作或状态。如:Youwillgetwetiiyougooutwithoutanumbrella.如果你出去不带伞,会淋湿的。Weshallhavealotofrainnextmonth.下个月将会下很多雨。注意:常与一般将来时连用的时间状语有:nexttime下次tomorrow明天tomorrowevening明晚beforelong不久后inthefuture在将来lat

27、er(on)以后thedayaftertomorrow后天thisafternoon今天下午nextyear明年b. begoing+todo.表示打算在最近或将来要做某事。如:MybrotherisgoingtolearnEnglishnextyear.我哥哥准备明年学英语。Heisgoingtostayaweek.他准备待一个星期。表示可能即将发生某事。如:Ithinkitisgoingtosnow.我看天要下雪。IamafraidIamgoingtohaveabadcold.恐怕我要得重感冒。表示即将发生的情况或状态。如:Iamgoingtobesixty-onenextTuesday.

28、下周二我就61岁了。(3) .一般将来时用法4注意a. begoingto表示事先经过考虑的打算,will多表示意愿、决心。如: Cansomebodyhelpme谁能帮我下吗 Iwill.我来。不能用begoingtob. 如果表示意愿,will可以用于条件从句。如:Ifyouwilllearntoplaytabletennis,I'llcoachyou,如果你想学打乒乓球,我可以当你的教练。c. be+todo这种结构表示职责、义务、意图、约定、可能性等。如:Youarembebackby10o'clock.你必须10点钟回来。Wearetomeetattheschoolg

29、ate.我们约定在校门口碰头。d. beabouttodolfe示即将做某事。如:Weareabouttoleave.我们快走了。Themeetingisabouttostart.会议即将开始。注意:beabouttodoS构中不能接时间状语。beabouttodo可用于when结构中。如:Iwasabouttogotobedwhenthetelephonerang.=Iwasonthepointofgoingtobedwhenthetalephonerang我刚要上床睡觉,这时电话铃响了。巩固提升3例1.HowcanIapplyforanonlinecourseJustfilloutthis

30、formandwewhatwecandoforyou.A.seeB.areseeingC.haveseenD.willsee点拨:D下划线处表示的行为是filloutthisform之后将要发生的行为,应选用表示一般将来时的willsee。例2.Yourjobopenforyourreturn.Thanks.A.willbekeptB.willkeepC.hadkeptD.hadbeenkept点拨A表示将来的动作,应用一般将来时,应排除选项C、D;又由于下划线处还必须表示出被动的含义,应进一步排除B而选A。现在进行时【No.1现在进行时的构成现在进行时由“be+v-ing”构成。be应为助动

31、词,初学者最容易漏掉,它应与主语的人称和数保持一致。No.2现在进行时的应用:在实际运用时,现在进行时常用以下几种情况:(1)当句子中有now时,常表示动作正在进行,这时要用现在进行时。如:Theyareplayingbasketballnow现在他们正在打篮球。(2)以look,listen开头的句子,提示我们动作正进行,这时要用现在进行时。如:Listen!SheissinginganEnglishsoncj.r,她正在唱英语歌。(3)表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作,且此时有thisweek,thesedays等时间状语,这时常用现在进行时。如:Wearemakingmodelpl

32、anesthesedays.这些天我们在做飞机模型。描述图片中的人物的动作,也为了表达更生动。此时也常用现在进行时。如:Lookatthepicture.Thechildrenareflyingkitesinthepark看这幅图,那些孩子正在公园放风筝【No.3现在进行时的变化肯定句式:主语+be(am,is,are)+®在分词+其它.否定句式:主语+be(am,is,are)+not+®在分词+其它.一般疑问句:Be(am,is,are)+±语+现在分词+其它?特殊疑问句:疑问词+be(am,is,are)注语+现在分词+其它?对现在进行时的特殊疑问句的回答,

33、它不可以用Yes或No直接作答,要根据实际情况回答。a.表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。Wearewaitingforyou.b.习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。Mr.Greeniswritinganothernovel.(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。)SheislearningpianounderMr.Smith.c.表示渐变的动词有:get,grow,become,turn,run,go,begird。Theleavesareturningred.It'sgettingwarmerandwarmer.d.与always,constantl

34、y,forever等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。Youarealwayschangingyourmind.典型例题Mydictionary,Ihavelookedforiteverywherebutstillit.A.haslost,don'tfindB.ismissing,don'tfindC.haslost,haven'tfoundD.ismissing,haven'tfound.答案D.前句是一个仍在持续的状态,应用进行时,由于没有找到,其影响仍然存在,应用完成时,瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。e.现在进行时有

35、时可以用来表示赞叹或厌烦的感情.例如:Heisalwayscausingtrouble.他总是惹麻烦.ThePresentContinuousTense现在进行时现在进行时最容易出现错误的地方在动词的现在分词形式,我们在复习的时候要特别注意不规则动词的变化形式。例如:swimming,beginning,putting,taking,buying,taking是take的ing形式,以e结尾要去e加ing.动词现在分词动词现在分词由动词原形在词尾加ing构成,其规叫h如下:(1) 一般情况下直接力口think-thinkingsleep-sleepingstudy-studyingspeak-

36、speaking(2)以不发音的字母e结尾的单词,去掉字母e,再加ingwake-wakingmake-makingcome-comingtake-takingleave-leavinghave-having(3)以ie结尾的动词,把ie改为y,再加ingdie-dyinglie-lying(4)以重读闭音节结尾,呈现辅,元,辅”结构的动词,先双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ingstop-stoppingsit-sittingrun-runningforget-forgettingbegin-beginning注:以重读闭音节结尾,呈现辅,元,辅”结构的动词,先双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing。初中学

37、过的这类词有:begin,cut,get,hit,run,set,sit,spit,stop,swim,beg,drop,fit,nod,dig,forget,regret,rid,等。travel虽然重读第一音节,词尾音节不重读,但是现在分词仍要双写末尾辅音字母,然后再加ing如:travel-travelling.初中阶段此类词只有这一个。二.现在进行时练习一.写出下列动词的现在分词standswimplaywatchskaterunsleepjumpwalkridecleanmakewashdogolistenplaycomesinghavewritedancesitread二.用括号中

38、动词的适当形式填空:1. Myparents(watch)TVnow.2. Look.Threeboys(run).3. Whatyourmother(do)now4. yourdognow(sleep)5. you(listen)tomusicYes,Iam.6. Look,MissChenfootball.(play)7. Tomandhissister(wait)foryouoverthere.8. NowClass3andClass4(have)atest.9. Listen,someone(sing)intheclassroom.10. WhereisZhangYanShe(talk

39、)withherteacherintheteachersoffice.11. Whatareyou(do)nowI(eat)bread.12. ItsnineoMycflaotchke.r(work)intheoffice.13. Look,theboy(put)therubbishintothebin.14. he(clean)theclassroomNo,heisnt.He(play).15. WhereisMarkHe(run)onthegrass.16. Listen,who(sing)inthemusicroomOh,Mary(sing)there.17. -(do)youlikea

40、nimals-Yes,I-Whatareyou-Iammyhomework.18. Mysisterlikes.Shecanwell.Nowsheis(dance)19. Herparentscan.Theylike.Theyarenow.(swim)20. Youcan'tseehernow;she(have)abath.21. Myparents(grow)olderandolder.22. She(like)totalkverymuch.Infactshe(alwaystalkandtalk)23. Heusually(drink)coffeebuttodayhe(drink)t

41、ea.24. Thechildren(have)agoodtimeatthepartyverymuchrightnow.25. A:Howyouusually(get)toworkB:Iusually(go)bybus,buttomorrowI(go)inTom'scar.26. They(not,water)theflowersnow.27. Look!thegirls(dance)intheclassroom.28. WhatisourgranddaughterdoingShe(listen)tomusic.29. Its5oclocknow.We(have)suppernow30

42、. Helen(wash)clothesYes,sheis.31. Theboydraw)apicturenow.32. Listen.Somegirls(sing)intheclassroom.33. Mymother(cook)somenicefoodnow.34. Whatyou(do)now35. Look.They(have)anEnglishlesson.三、将下列句子改成现在进行时1. TomcanspeakChinese.2. Wehavefourlessons.3. IwatchTVeveryday.4. Sheworksinahospital.5. KittyandBenh

43、avelunchatabouttwelve.6. Hisfathercanhelpthem.7. Danny,openthedoor.8. TheywatchTVintheevening.9. Whatdoyoudo五按要求改写句子1. Theboyisplayingbasketball.否定句:一般疑问句:肯定回答:否定回答:对“Theboy提问:4.she,thewindow,open,now.(用现在进行时连词成句.)5.Thebirdsaresinginginthetree.(就划线部分提问)6.is,who,thewindow,cleaning(连词成句)7.Thechildrena

44、replayinggamesnearthehouse.(就戈U线音B分提问)8.Sheisclosingthedoornow.(改成否定句)9 .Youaredoingyourhomework.(用"I"作主语改写句子)10 .They,thetree,sing,now,under.(用现在进行时连词成句.)11 .TheYoungPioneersarehelpingtheoldwoman.(改成一般疑句)12 .Look!Lilyisdancing.(改为一般疑问句)13 Kateislookingforherwatch.(改为否定句)14 .MrsWhiteiswatc

45、hingTV.(划线部分提问)15 .Iamdoinghomework.(改为否定句)16 .Theyarewaitingforyouatthelibrary.(就戈U线音B分提问)17 Theyaredoinghousework.(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)18 .Thestudentsarecleaningtheclassroom.(改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)19 .I'pmyingthefootballintheplayground.(对划线部分进行提问)20 .Tomisreadingbooksinhisstudy.(对划线部分进行提问)六.根据中文提示完成句子:1 .

46、小花不是在写作业,她在画画。XiaoHuahomework.Shepictures.2 .今天李老师穿着一件红色的连衣裙。MissLiareddresstoday.3 .你爷爷在看报纸吗?yourgrandpathenewspaper4 .Tom和Jim在做什么?TomandJimc.比较:lookat或watch(看,观察)表动作,有进行时;see值见)表结果,不用于进行时。100kfor(寻找)表动作,有进行时;find(找到了)表结果,不用于进行时。recollect(回想)表动作,有进行时;remember况得)表结果,不用于进行时。listento(倾听)表动作,有进行时;hear所

47、见)表结果,不用于进行时。consider偌虑)表动作,有进行时;think(认为)表结果,不用于进行时。5 .过去进行时(1) .过去进行时的形式;wasL、三人称单数)/were(其余人称和数)+现在分词(2) .过去进行时的用法a.表示在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。如:Whenyoucamein,Iwaswriting.你进来时,我正在写东西。WhileIwasstudying,Iwasasleep.我正在做功课时,睡着了。b.动词get,become,turn,leave,go,begin,forget,die,finish勺过去进行时表示“逐渐”“越来越”“快要”的意思。如:When

48、Iarrivedatthetheatre,theplaywasjustbeginning.我至U达戏院时,戏就要开演了。Theweatherwasgettingwarmerandwarmer.天气逐渐暖和起来了。c.过去进行时与always,continually,constantly,forever/forever,allthetime,allthewhile等表持续的时间状语连用,通常表示说话者认为过去不良的习惯。如:Theywerealwaysquarrelling.他们老是吵嘴。Mylittlebrotherwascontinuallyaskingquestions.我弟弟老是问东问西

49、的。(3) .过去进行时用法2注意a. 常与过去进行时连用的时间状语有:atthattime当时atfiveyesterday昨天五点then那时thistimeyesterday昨天这个时候thewholemorning整个上午lastnight昨晚b. 表示礼貌有时过去进行时并不表示过去的时间,而表达现在的客气、礼貌或不确定。止匕类动词主要有hope,wonder,think,expect等。如:Iwaswonderingifwecouldhavedinnertogether.不知我们能否在一起吃晚饭。Iwashopingthatyoucouldhelpme.真希望你能帮我。Iwasthi

50、nkingmaybehecouldgobytaxi.我当时在想或许他可以坐出租车去。巩固提升5例1DidyouseeamaninblackpassbyjustnowNo,sir.Ianewspaper.A.readB.wasreadingC.wouldreadD.amreading点拨:B与前面表示“刚刚”的justnow对应,下划线处应选川过去进行时表示刚才正在进行的活动。例2.IsawJaneandherboyfriendintheparkateightyesterdayevening.Impossible.SheTVwithmeinmyhomethen.A.watchedB.hadwat

51、chedC.wouldwatchD.waswatching点拨:D表示Jane昨晚八点正在做某事,应选用过去进行时的形式6.现在完成时(1)现在完成时的形式:have/has+±去分词(2) 现在完成时的用法a.表示到现在为止刚刚完成的动作。Hehasboughtanewcarrecently,他最近买了部新车。Ihaven'theardfromJanelately.我最近没收到简的信。注意:现在完成时中常用状语:already(E经),yet(还,尚,仍然),just(刚刚),now(现在),recently(近来),lately(最近),today(今天),thiswee

52、k(本周),thismorning(今天早上),thisafternoon(今天下午)等。b.现在完成时常和ever(曾经),never(未曾);before(以前);inone'slife(在一生当中);once(一度);twice(两次),severaltimes(JL次)等副词连用。如:-HaveyoueverstudiedGreek尔曾学过希腊语吗No,IhaveneverstudiedGreek.没有,我从来没学过希腊语。Yes,Ihavebeenthereseveraltimes.是的,我到过那儿几次。C.现在完成时中的动词可以表示过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态,常用for

53、,since或how10ng(多久)连用。如:Ihavecollectedcoinsformanyyears.我收集硬币有很多年了。Georgehasbeeninbusinesssincehefinishedcollege.乔治自完成大学学业之后就经商。IhavestudiedEnglishsince1975.我从1975年起就学习英语。d.表过去某时发生的动作,其结果影响或持续到现在。如:Hehaseatennothingtoday.他今天什么都没吃。(他现在一定很饿)Ihavelearnedthelessonbyheart.我已熟记下这一课。(我现在可以背诵了)Ihavelostmywat

54、ch.=IlostmywatchandIhavenowatchnow.我手表丢了。(我现在仍旧没有手表)(3) .现在完成时用法要注意:a.用现在完成时表“继续”的概念时,只能用延续性动词,不可用非延续性动词,即非延续性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,必须用时要做一定的变化。如:他父亲去世多年了。误Hisfatherhasdiedforages.正Hisfatherdiedagesago.正Hisfatherhasbeendeadforages.正Itisagessincehisfatherdied.正Ithasbeenagessincehisfatherdied.我们多年没来这里了。误We

55、haven'tcomehereformanyyears.正Wehaven'tbeenhereformanyyears.正Itis/hasbeenmanyyearssincewecamehere.他们相爱已经好多年了。误Theyhavefalleninlovewithoneanotherforyears.正Theyhavebeeninlovewithoneanotherforyears.正Theyfellinlovewithoneanotheryearsago.正It'syearssincetheyfellinlovewithoneanother.常见的延续性动词有:drink喝eat吃fly飞have有keep保持know知道lie躺着live住play玩rain下雨read读run跑sing唱sleep睡觉smoke抽烟snow下雪stand站talk说wait等walk走wear穿work工作exist存在possess/ow制有部分相互替代的非延续性动词和延续性动词买buyhave借borrowskeep到达arrivestay得知learnknow穿putonhaveon/wear放置putlay结婚marrybemarried认识gettoknowknow回来comebackbeback离开leavebeaw

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