语法-过去分词作状语和定语

1、 Grammar The Past ParticipleIt was snowing and very cold outside. A little girl was walking in the street, selling matches. She didnt wear any shoes because she had her shoes lost. She looked very worried because there were lots of matches left. She wished all her matches sold but nobody bought a si

2、ngle one. She was so cold that she sat in a corner with her legs huddled（蜷缩）（蜷缩）up. She lit a match and saw a Christmas tree decorated very beautifully. The lighted candles were burning brightly and she seemed very delighted. She lit another one and saw her grandmother. Requested to take her away, h

3、er grandmother went away with her .The next day, people saw the girl frozen to death. What a poor girl !1.The stolen bike belongs to Jack.2.The glass is broken.3.Mary heard her name called by a stranger.4.Influenced by the events of the late 19th century and his education, young Coubertin developed

4、a firm belief that sports possessed the power to benefit human beings and courage peace among the nations of the world._1.作作定语定语2.作表语作表语3.作宾补作宾补4.作状语作状语过去分词过去分词1.When our future school is seen from the space, our future school looks like a plate. Seen from the space, our future school looks like a p

5、late.our future schoolCombine the two sentencesWhen it is seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.Seen from the hill，the park可在过去分词前加上连词可在过去分词前加上连词when, while, until等来强调时间概念等来强调时间概念。Dont speak until you are spoken to.Dont speak until spoken to.1. 时间状语（时间状语（time）2. Because She is surprised

6、at the schoolbag, she turns her head back to find out what happens.Surprised at the schoolbag ,she turns her head back to find out what happens. Our future schoolbag2. 原因状语（原因状语（cause）Because the boy was greatly touched by his teachers words, he did a lot of things to help his classmates.Greatly tou

7、ched by the teachers wordsBecause he was surprised at what happened, Tom didnt know what to do.Surprised at what happened3.If I am given a time machine , I will pay a visit to the future.Given a time machine, I will pay a visit to the future. a time machine3. 条件状语（条件状语（condition）If we were given mor

8、e time, we could do it much better.Given more timeIf it is heated to a high temperature, water will change into vapor.Heated to a high temperature4. 让步状语（让步状语（concession）Though they had been warned of the storm, the farmers were still working in the fields.Though warned of the stormEven if Im invite

9、d, I wont take part in the party.Even if invited 5. 方式、伴随状语方式、伴随状语 Accompanying action/mannerThe teacher entered the classroom, and he was followed by a group of students.The teacher entered the classroom ,followed by a group of students.The teacher stood there and was surrounded by the students.The

10、 teacher stood there, surrounded by the students.2.过去分词作状语表示过去分词作状语表示_/或或_的动作的动作,相当相当一个状语从句。一个状语从句。3.过去分词作状语时其过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语逻辑主语与与主句的主语主句的主语要保要保持持一致一致。过去分词作状语过去分词作状语 被动被动完成完成summary1.过去分词在句子中可以作时间状语、原因状过去分词在句子中可以作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语和让步状语等。语、伴随状语、条件状语和让步状语等。_from the hill, thecitylookslikeabiggarden.

11、如果句子的主语和分词是主动关系如果句子的主语和分词是主动关系, , 用用_，句子的主语和分词是被动关系，句子的主语和分词是被动关系，用用_。现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词重难点辨析（一）：主语一致重难点辨析（一）：主语一致_ from the hill, you will find thecitylookslikeabiggarden. SeenSeeing1. 从上面看从上面看,体育场好像一个鸟巢。体育场好像一个鸟巢。 _ from the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest. A. Seeing B. Seen2. 从太空看从太空看, 宇航员看

12、不到长城。宇航员看不到长城。 _ from the space, the astronaut can not discover the Great Wall. A. Seeing B. Seen Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didnt hear the sound. Surprised at what had happened, Tom didnt know what to do. 1，有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语，有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表主语的状态。时不表被动而表主语的状态。lost (迷路迷路); seated

13、(坐坐); hidden (躲躲); lost / absorbed in (沉溺于沉溺于); born (出身于出身于); dressed in (穿着穿着); 2，由某些动词后面加，由某些动词后面加-ed转化来的形容词也具转化来的形容词也具有此用法。有此用法。如：如：frightened, satisfied, tired, disappointed等。等。重难点辨析（二）：不表被动的特殊情况重难点辨析（二）：不表被动的特殊情况 分分词词作作状语状语答答题记忆题记忆口口诀诀分词作状语，主语是问题。分词作状语，主语是问题。逗号前后两动作，共用一主语。逗号前后两动作，共用一主语。主语找出后，再

14、来判关系。主语找出后，再来判关系。主动主动-ing,-ing,被动用被动用-ed-ed。Having been done Having been done 表先后，表先后，千万要牢记。千万要牢记。使用过去分词作状语时容易错的两种情况使用过去分词作状语时容易错的两种情况1. 忽视了分词作状语时其逻辑主语必须是句中主语忽视了分词作状语时其逻辑主语必须是句中主语(或主动或或主动或被动被动)。如: If heated, _. people can turn water into gas B. one can change ice into waterC. ice turns into water D.

15、 people get water from ice 若分词主语与句中主语不一致若分词主语与句中主语不一致,则可以用其他方法来修正则可以用其他方法来修正: 给分词添加自己的主语,构成独立主格结构或改变语态。改为相应的状语从句来表达。用with复合结构等。如如:完成作业后完成作业后,孩子们出去踢足球了。孩子们出去踢足球了。 Finished their homework, the children went out to play football. Their homework finished, the children went out to play football. (独立主格结构)

16、 Having finished their homework, the children went out to play football. (现在分词完成形式) With their homework finshed, the children went out to play football. (with的复合结构) After finishing their homework, the children went out to play football. (介词+动名词)( X )有些含有分词的固定插入语有些含有分词的固定插入语, 其逻辑主语其逻辑主语不要求与主语一致。如不要求与

17、主语一致。如: judging from(从.来判断); generally(frankly/exactly/./ )speaking 一般地(坦率地/确切地)说; considering(考虑到); talking of(说到).; supposing that(假使).; seeing that(鉴于).等。 如: Considering his health, he was made to stay at home。2. 不能正确区分不能正确区分doing(现在分词现在分词)和和 done(过去分词过去分词)的用法的用法 (1)_ the progamme, they have to s

18、tay there for another two weeks. A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed (2)_ many times, he still came to school late. A. Having told B. Having been told C. Told D. Being told (3) _ in thought , he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Havi

19、ng lost C. Lost D. Being lostConsolidate: _ (如此高兴如此高兴), we decided to stay two more days. Function: _2) _ (十六世纪十六世纪烧毁后烧毁后), the castle was never rebuilt.Function: _Much delightedBurnt in the 16th centuryCauseTime3) _ (被他的话所感动被他的话所感动), I accepted his present.Function: _4) _ (从山上看从山上看), the lake looks

20、 beautiful.Function: _5) _ (如果吃地及时如果吃地及时) the medicine will be quite effective.Function: _Moved by his wordsSeen from the hillTaken in timecauseCondition/timeCondition过去分词作定语过去分词作定语 过去分词作定语与其所修饰的词之间过去分词作定语与其所修饰的词之间存在着逻辑上的被动关系存在着逻辑上的被动关系,且表示该动作且表示该动作已经完成。单个的过去分词作定语已经完成。单个的过去分词作定语, 通通常置于被修饰的词的前面常置于被修饰

21、的词的前面, 而分词短语而分词短语作定语作定语, 则须置于被修饰词的后面。则须置于被修饰词的后面。Attention1. Last Sunday we went on an organized trip to the forest. 上星期我们组织了一次去森林的旅行。上星期我们组织了一次去森林的旅行。2. A letter posted today will reach him the day after tomorrow. 今天发出的信后天就能收到。今天发出的信后天就能收到。现在或过去分词作定语可以转换成定语从句:He worked as a worker building roads. (

22、主动) =He worked as a worker who/ that built roads. This is a picture painted by my father. (被动) =This is a picture which was painted by my father.I know the young man sleeping on the bench. (在进行) =I know the young man who is sleeping on the bench.The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.

23、(已完成) =The letter which was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.过去分词短语有时亦可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号。 Some of them, born and brought up in country villages, had never seen a train. 他们当中有一些人, 生长在农村，从未见过火车。 过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况: 单个的过去分词作定语, 通常放在被修饰的名词之前, 表示被动和完成意义。1.前置定语前置定语被动意义：被动意义：an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人

24、 (受伤的工人)are now being taken good care of in the hospital.B. 完成意义完成意义a retired teacher 一位退休的教师They are cleaning (落叶) in the yard.The injured workersthe fallen leaves2.后置定语后置定语 过去分词短语作定语时, 通常放在被修饰的名词之后, 它的作用相当于一个定语从句。This will be the best novel of its kind ever written.=Who were the so-called guests i

25、nvited (= ) to your part last night?that has ever been writtenwho had been invited 如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no + thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时，即使一个单一的分词作形容词用，也要放在被修饰词的后面。 例如： Is there anything unsolved? There is noting changed here since I left this town. 注意注意: : _ in thought, he almost ran into

26、 the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose2. If _ the same treatment again, hes sure to get well. A. giving B. give C. given D. being given3. _ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. A. Founded B. It was founded C. Being founded D. Fo

27、undingPractice makes perfect4. _ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesnt seem big at all. A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared5. _ time, hell make a first-class tennis player. A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given6. _ in a white uniform, he looks more

28、 like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed7. Unless _ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited8. _ more attention, the tree could have grown better. A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having gi

29、ven.9. The computer center, _ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened10. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written11

30、. When _, the museum will be open to the public next year. A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed 12. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 13. The research is so designed that

31、once _ nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun14. The _ morning, the father came into the lonely house, _ by his naughty boy.A.following, following B.followed,followedC. following, followed Dfollowed,following15. _, but he still could not understand it.A. Told many timesB. Having been told many timesC. He has been told many timesD. Though he had been told many times2011天津卷天津卷_ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.lA. Translating B. Translated lC. To translate D. Having translated2011上海春招上海春招