七年级英语语法汇总

1、一、不定式和动名词：1、省略了to的不定式：（助动词后面加动词原形）have sb. do sth. let sb.do sth. make sb. do sth. help sb. do sth./help sb. with sth. can/may/have to/must do sth. see sb do sth（看见某人做某事，看见全过程，类似的还有：hear sb do sth , watch sb.do sth , find sb. do sth., notice sb. do sth等）2、带to的不定式： want to do sth. want sb. to do sth.

2、 ask sb. to do sth. decide to do sth would like to do sth. hope to do sth.like to do sth（一般指一次性的行为） love to do sth. remember to do sth（记得去做某事，此事还未做） stop to do sth（停下来去做某事，此事是即将要做的事） 3、带to的不定式可以作后置定语，如：something to eat（吃的东西）4、不定式表目的：如To save class time, our teacher has us do half of the exercises in

3、 class and complete the other half for our homework. 为了节约课堂时间，我们的老师要求我们在课堂上做一半练习，剩下的一半在课后作为家庭作业完成。 注意：for也可表目的，但for后面加名词或动名词，如I buy it for you.5、动名词：（介词后面加名词或动名词）have fun doing sth. practice doing sth. enjoy doing sth. what/how about doing sth. be busy doing sth. spend time doing sth. be good at doi

4、ng sth.(be good at sth.) like doing sth（经常性的行为，习惯爱好）remember doing sth（记得做过某事，此事已经做了） stop doing sth（停止做某事，此事是要停止的） see sb doing sth（看见某人正在做某事，类似的有：hear sb doing sth , watch sb.doing sth , find sb. doing sth., notice sb. doing sth）No talking（与之类似的：No swimming , No smoking等） thanks for doing sth.二、冠词

5、不定冠词：a , an 可数名词前可以加a 或an。以元音（不是元音字母）开头的名词前加an，以辅音开头的名词前加a 如：a uniform an hour There is a “u” and an “n” in the word.定冠词：the，有指定性的名词前加the，前文出现过再次出现时前面也加the 注意：物主代词后面不加冠词（my home）；某些名词前不加冠词（如国家，城市，有名字的街道，三餐，具体的年份和月份等）；球类运动前不加the，而乐器前要加the。含冠词的短语：on weekends 和on the weekend，take a bus/taxi/walk，take a

6、 photo和take photos，go to a movie和go to the movies，have a look，have a walk，have a rest，have a good time，in the neighborhood等。三、介词（后加名词或动名词，还可组成固定短语。但注意：home , here , there ，today, tomorrow, yesterday等词除固定短语外前面不加介词；由this, that ,these, those，each, any, every, some, all等用于表示时间概念的名词前往往不加介词。）1、介词in表示一天中某段

7、时间，指天、年、月、季节、周次等。如：in the morning表示“在里面”the window is in the wall , I sit in the chair. He is in the red shirt. The bird is in the tree.表示“排、行、组，前、后”，如：We are in Team One. in front of（在前面）,in the front of （在前部）表示较大的地方，如大城市、国家、洲等，如：He lives in Beijing. arrive in Yueyang表示“包含”如：Beijing is in the north

8、 of China. 表示“用材料、语言”如：Can you say it in English? Whats this in English?2、介词on用来表示某一天或星期几，指明具体的某一天。如：on a rainy day表示一物放在另一物上面，两者紧贴在一起，如：The book is on the table. The apple is on the tree.（树的一部分）在队里用on，如：on the basketball team 表示“左、右”，如：Li Ping is on my left.用于路名，如：He lives on Nanjing Road. 表示“紧邻”如：

9、Canada lies on the north of the U.S.3、介词at表示特定的时间、节日、年龄等（具体的，小的时间）。如：at noon , at 6 am表示较小的地方，如家、村、乡村等，如：He lives at a small village. 用于门牌号，如：He lives at No.200, Nanjing Road.4、介词for表示“当作、作为”。如: I like some bread and milk for breakfast. 我喜欢把面包和牛奶作为早餐。表示理由或原因,意为“因为、由于”。如:Thank you for helping me with

10、 my English. 谢谢你帮我学习英语。表示动作的对象或接受者,意为“给”、“对 (而言)”。如: Let me pick it up for you. 让我为你捡起来。表示时间、距离,意为“计、达”。如: I usually do the running for an hour in the morning. 我早晨通常跑步一小时。表示以具体价格购买。如：You can take it for 5 yuan each.5、介词under表示“在下方”（不接触），如：They were seen under the tree.6、介词across着重于“从一头或一边到另一头或另一边”，强

11、调从表面穿过。如：She went across the street to make some purchases. 7、介词through着重于“穿越”，强调从一定的空间内穿过。如：The sunlight was coming in through the window.8、介词to表示向某处移动，如：go to school , get to school 9、介词with表示“用工具、某物”如：with a pen 还可表示“和.一起” He with his parents is watching TV.10、介词by表示“用、以、靠、通过方法”如：He prefers trave

12、ling by car.11、介词between 表示“在两者之间”如：Dont sit between the two girls.四、词语1、常见短语 a set of 一套 lost and found 失物招领 in English 用英语 first name 名字 family/last name 姓氏 family tree 家谱Daves family/the Daves 大卫一家 my family photo/a photo of my family 我的一张全家福 taketo把带到去bring to把拿到.来 play volleyball/basketball/ten

13、nis/chessplay computer games 玩电脑游戏 play sports 做运动 play the guitar/the piano/the drum on TV 在电视上 a lot 非常 a lot of/lots of（后加名词）许多 watch TV 看电视 watch the match 观看比赛 every day 每天 everyday 日常的 ice cream 冰淇淋 French fries 炸薯条 healthy food 健康食品 a running star 跑步明星 make a list 列个清单 have/eat breakfast/lunc

14、h/dinner吃早餐/中餐/晚餐have/eat for breakfast 早餐吃 lets=let us 让我们 how about/what about 怎么样 how much 多少钱 what color 什么颜色 at a (very)good price 以优惠的价格 have a look (at) 看一看 date of birth出生日期want (sb.)to do sth. 想要（某人）做某事 for sale 待售 on sale 降价出售 in October 在十月 on Octorber tenthhappy birthday 生日快乐 two years o

15、ld 两岁 t wo-year-old 两岁的 school trip 学校旅行社 Art Festival 艺术节 speech contest 演讲比赛 English party 英语晚会 School Day 校庆 what kind of 哪种 Beijing Opera 京剧go to a movie/go to the movies/see a movie/go to see a movie 去看电影院 go to work 去上班 go to school 去上学 go home 回家 go to the mountains 去爬山 go shopping/swimming/s

16、kating/hiking/sightseeing 去购物/游泳/滑冰/徒步旅行/观光 go to bed 去睡觉 be in bed 入睡 get up 起床 get to school 到学校 get home 到家 learn/know about 了解 Chinese history 中国历史 on weekends/on the weekend 在周末 speek English 讲英语 science teacher科学老师join the art club/the swimming club 加入艺术俱乐部/游泳俱乐部 call sb. at.拨号码找某人 what time（具

17、体）什么时候 be good with sb. 相某人相处得好 be good at sth/doing sth 擅长于某事/做某事 brush ones teeth刷牙 a few of 一点儿a little of 一点儿（加不可数名词）a little 一点儿 kind of 有点 a little bit 有点 a kind of 一种 all kinds of 各种各样的 take a shower 淋浴 after breakfast早餐后 do ones homework 做家庭作业 help sb. with sth/help sb. do sth. 帮助某人干某事all ni

18、ght整夜 in the morning/afternoon evening在上午/下午/晚上at noon/ night 在中午/晚上 best wishes(to you)最好的祝愿tell sb. about sth.告诉某人关于某事 your favorite subject 你最喜欢的科目 have math/music上数学课/音乐课 be tired 累after class 下课后 after school 放学后 Class 3 Grade 2 二年级三班 at 6:00 am 在上午6点 play with 和一起玩have volleyball 打排球 run aroun

19、d 到处跑 pen pal 笔友 be from/come from 来自于 live in 住在. in China 在中国write to sb. 给某人写信 post to sb. 寄给某人 post office 邮局 pay phone 投币式公用电话 across from 在对面next to 靠近 in the neighborhood 附近 betweenand 在和之间 in front of 在.前面队 in the front of 在前部 go straight 直走 go/walk down 顺着走 go through 经过 turn left/right at

20、在向左/右转 on the right 在右边 have fun/have a good time/enjoy oneself 玩得开心 have a good trip 旅途愉快 take a walk/bus/taxi 散步/乘巴士/乘出租车take a photo/take photos 拍照the beginning of 的开端 keep/be quiet 安静 in/during the day 在白天 listen to 听 look at 看shop assistant 店员 bank clerk 银行职员 TV station 电视台 work with 和一起工作 go o

21、ut 出去 TV show 电视节目study/work hard 努力学习/工作 give sb. sth./give sth. to sb.给某人某物 get sth. from sb. 从某人那里得到某物 not bad 不错work for sb. 为效力 talk to/with sb. 和某人交谈 talk about sth. 谈论某事 talk on the phone 打电话 ask sb. to do sth.ask sb. sth. 问某人某事 wait for 等候 at school 在学校（学习） in school 在学校 read books 看书 on vac

22、ation 度假thank you for doing sth.谢谢你做某事 thanks for 因.谢谢你 lie on the beach 躺在沙滩上 play beach volleyballlook cool 看上去酷 look like 看起来像 pretty good 好极了 long curly black hair 卷的黑色的长发 medium height中等身高medium build 中等身材 the captain of 的队长 love to do sth. 喜爱做某事 would like sth/to do sth. 想要某物/做某事like doing sth

23、. 喜欢做某事 stop doing sth.停止做某事 tell jokes讲笑话 pop singer 流行歌手 what size 什么型号/尺寸beef and tomato noodles 牛肉西红柿面条 orange juice 橘子汁 green tea 绿茶 stay at home 呆在家里 all day 整天have a party举行晚会 do some reading 阅读 practice English 练习英语 practice doing sth. 练习做某事 talk show脱口秀study fo the test 准备测验 last weekend 上周

24、末 clean ones room 打扫房间 go for a walk 去散步 go on vacation去度假go to summer camp 去参加夏令营 have fun doing sth. 做某事玩得高兴 in the water 在水中 in the corner 在角落walk back to 走回到 decide to do sth. 决定做某事 the Great Wall 长城 the Palace Museum 故宫 Tiananmen Squarethink of 认为，想到 game show 比赛节目 soap opera 肥皂剧 sports shows 体

25、育节目 in fact 事实上 in class 在课堂上in the hallways 在走廊里 in the dining hall 在餐厅 enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 arrive late for class 上课迟到 go out 出去on school nights 在有课的晚上 too many rules 太多规定 make dinner 做晚饭 the Childrens Palace 少年宫 have to 不得不on ones way home 在某人回家的路上 on ones way to 在某人去的路上 the way to 去的路2、常见词的辨析

26、（1）bring和take bring意为“拿来，取来，带来”，常和介词to连用；take意为“拿走，带走”。 （2）some和any 两者都表示“一些”，既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词。some常用于肯定句中，any用于疑问句和否定句中。但在表示委婉语气、请示，希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中，也可以用some。如：There is some milk in the bottle. Is there any milk in the bottle? There isnt any milk in the bottle. Can I have some rice?（希望得到肯定回答） （3）need

27、的用法 need既是情态动词，又是实义动词，意为“需要”。作为情态动词时，没有人称和数的变化，并且常用于否定句和疑问句中，后接动词原形。如：Need I go now? She neednt come here.作实义动词时，后可接名词、不定式或动名词作宾语。注意用法：sb. need sth 某人需要某物，sb. need to do sth.某人需要做某事，sth. need doing=sth. need to be done 某物需要被 如：I need some apples. She needs to buy a new skirt. The classroom needs cle

28、aning.=The classroom needs to be cleaned. （4）in time 及时，on time 按时 Every day she goes to school on time. （5）in the tree和on the tree in the tree意为（其他东西）在树上，on the tree意为（树叶、果实）在树上 The bird is in the tree. The apples are on the tree. （6）on the desk和at the desk on the desk意为在桌子上，at the desk意为在桌子上（做事）。H

29、e is sitting on the desk. He is reading books at the desk. （7）have和there be 两者都表示“有，拥有”。have常表示“某人有某物”，而there be句型表示“某地有某物”。如：She has a pet cat. There is a cat under the table. （8）runner和running star runner意为赛跑选手，running star意为赛跑明星 （9）much和many 两者都表示“许多”的意思，much修饰不可数名词，many修饰可数名词。与之类似的还有a little和a f

30、ew，前者修饰不可数名词，后者修饰可数名词（注意：little和few表否定），而a lot of 和lots of 则既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词。 （10）socks（短袜），shoes（鞋），pants（裤子），shorts（短裤），glasses（眼镜）等都是由不可分割的两部分组成的一个物品，常以复数形式出现，当它们作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。表示一双（副、对）时，要用a pair of，如果词组作主语，谓语动词要根据pair的数来变化。如：a pair of shorts two pairs of shorts （11）when和what time 当询问某年、某月或某日时，一

31、般用when，不用what time；当询问具体的时刻（几点钟）时，一般用what time. 如：When is your birthday? What time is it? （12）work和job work是不可数名词，不能与不定冠词连用，一般指比较抽象的工作；job是可数名词，可与不定冠词连用，指具体的工作。如：Whats your fathers job? （13）数字的表示：21-99除整十位外，十位和个位间要加连字符“”，如：twenty-one（序数词：twenty-first）百、千、百万、十亿后面不加s，且百和十之间要加and（其余的除非中间为零，否则不加and）如：72

32、0：seven hundred and twenty 75720：seventy-five thousand, seven hundred and twenty 7005：seven thousand and fivethousands of 和hundreds of 前面不能加数字，分别表示“几千”、“几百” （14）look，see，watch，read look强调看的动作，不及物动词，look at me；see强调看的结果，及物动词；watch意为“观看”，主要用于观看比赛或电视；read意为“读”，主要用于读书、读报等。 （15）listen和hear listen强调听的动作，不

33、及物动词，listen to me；hear强调听的结果，及物动词。 （16）also和too 两者都可表示“也”，also一般放在be动词、助动词或情态动词之后，实义动词之前，用于肯定句中；too一般放在句尾。（too如果放在句中形容词的前面，表示“太”） （17）speak，tell，talk，say speak常用作不及物动词，作及物动词时宾语为某种语言；tell意为“讲述，告诉”tell jokes开玩笑，tell a story 讲一个故事；talk“讲话，交谈”，不及物动词，常用于talk to/with sb. talk about；say作及物动词或不及物动词，强调说话的内容。

34、Can you say it in English? Can you speak English? （18）usually、often、always、sometimes、never等频率副词，在句中通常位于be动词、情态动词、助动词之后，行为动词之前。She is often late for class. She often arrives late for class. （19）go to school ，get to school go to school 去上学；get to school到达学校（与之类似的还有go home 和get home.但地点副词home，here

35、，there等前面不加介词） （20）kind of ，a kind of ，kinds of kind of 表示“有点儿，有几分”；a kind of 表示“一种”，kinds of 表示有多种。 （21）other，the other，another，others，the others other意为“其他的”，后接可数名词的复数或不可数名词；如：Please give me some other books.others意为“其他的人或物”，指剩余的部分，但不是剩余的全部，相当于other+名词复数，常与some构成“someothers”句型；如：Some students like

36、 action movies, others（other students）like comedies.the other意为“另一个”，特指两个中的另一个，常与one构成“onethe other”句型；如：I have two sweaters, one is red; the other is yellow.the others意为“另一些人或物”，指剩余的全部，相当于the other+名词复数，常与some构成“somethe others”；如：There are thirty students in our class. Twenty are girls, the others（

37、the other students）are boys.another意为“又一个，另一个”，泛指三个或三个以上的同类人或事物的不定数目中的另一个。如：Would you like another drink? （22）everyone，everybody，nobody，everything，nothing等作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。如：Everyone likes money. （23）名词作定语修饰名词时常用单数，但man，woman和sports例外。如：apple trees，girl students，men teachers，sports shoes。 （24）单个形容词作

38、定语时一般放在它所修饰词的前面，但形容词修饰由some，any，every，no等构成的复合不定代词（something，somebody，anything，everything，nothing等）时，要放在复合不定代词的后面。如：This is a difficult question.I have something important to tell you. （25）形容词顺序：冠、数、性、大、形、年、色、国、材。比如头发：长短+形状+颜色，long curly black hair。两个或两个以上的形容词作表语，通常在最后一个形容词前加and。Her sister is tall,

39、young and beautiful. （26）else，other 两者都表示“其他的”。else既可作形容词又可作副词，作形容词时常放在疑问代词who，what，whose或不定代词something，anything，nothing，someone，anyone之后，如：What else would you like? Is anyone else coming here? 作副词时常置于疑问副词when，where等后面。When else can we meet next time?other只能作形容词，后要接可数名词的复数或不可数名词，如：other students. （2

40、7）be in bed，on the bed be in bed意为“睡觉”，表示人在床上一般用介词in，bed前不加冠词；但表示物在床上用介词on，on the bed表示物在床上。 （28）名词所有格 表示有生命的东西或者国家、城市、时间等名词的所属关系：在单数名词词尾加s，在以s结尾的复数名词词尾加，在不规则复数名词词尾加s 如：Jims shirt，the students basketball，Childrens Day，citys museum；表示无生命物体的名词所有格一般用of构成，如：the door of the room，the name of the school.3、

41、词性名词、数词、代词既可作主语（行为的发起者），又可作宾语（行为的承受者）或表语。如I like it. I和it都是代词，I作主语，it作宾语。 有些名词后面加y或ly（重读闭音节以一个辅音字母结尾的要双写辅音字母再加y）可以变成形容词，如：cloud（n. 云），cloudy（adj. 多云的），friendfriendly，sunsunny，healthhealthy。形容词可作定语修饰名词，也可作表语放在be动词之后，但形容词不可放在行为动词之后。如：a clever boy. （clever作定语）The boy is clever.（clever作表语） 有些形容词后面加ly可以变

42、成副词，如：loud（adj. 大声的），loudly（adv. 大声地），heavyheavily，quickquickly.副词分为一般副词、时间副词、地点副词和频率副词等。一般副词(adv.)放在行为动词后面，但不可放在be动词之后。如：study hard，speak loudly，play it well等；时间副词、地点副词一般放在句首或句尾（一般时间放在地点的后面），如：go home（这里的home是地点副词），in the morning等；频率副词在句中通常位于be动词、情态动词、助动词之后，行为动词之前。动词在句中作谓语，分为be动词、行为动词、助动词和情态动词（后两者不

43、能单独作谓语，后面加动词原形一起构成谓语）。一个单句中只能有一个谓语，如果已经有谓语了后面还有动词，那后面的动词需要变形（要么变成不定式，要么变成动名词或过去分词）。行为动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词，前者后面可以直接加名词，后者必须加上介词后才能加名词，如：listen，look就是不及物动词，后面如果要加名词中间必须有介词。Listen to me. Look at the blackboard.介词后面可以加名词或动名词，介词还可以构成很多短语。如：be good at sth. /be good at doing sth.五、句型一个单句只能有一个谓语1、肯定句 句子中的谓语可以是be

44、动词，行为动词或情态动词+行为动词。Im Gina. She likes action movies. She can speak English.2、否定句 如果谓语是be动词或情态动词+行为动词，直接在be动词或情态动词后接not即可；如果谓语是行为动词，在行为动词前加助动词do（或did，does），行为动词变回原形。I am not Gina. She doesnt like action movies. She cant speak English.3、一般疑问句 如果谓语是be动词或情态动词+行为动词，直接把be动词或情态动词提前即可（但要注意人称变化）；如果谓语是行为动词，在行为

45、动词前加助动词do（或did，does），然后把助动词提前，行为动词变回原形。Are you Gina? Does she like action movies?Can she speak English?4、特殊疑问句 如果谓语是be动词或情态动词+行为动词，把be动词或情态动词提前再在句首加上特殊疑问词即可（但要注意人称变化）；如果谓语是行为动词，在行为动词前加助动词do（或did，does），把助动词提前再在句首加上特殊疑问词，行为动词变回原形。Who are you?/Whats your name? What kind of movies does she like? What la

46、nguage can she speak?5、感叹句 两种句型：How +形容词+主语+谓语！（主、谓可以省略）How clever he is!/ How clever! What +（a/an）+形容词+名词+主语+谓语！（主、谓可以省略）What a clever boy he is!/ What a clever boy!What an interesting story it is! 注意：如果后面的名词为不可数名词或名词的复数，前面不加冠词。如：What nice weather it is!6、祈使句 （1）带有please的祈使句，please可放在句首或句尾，但放在句尾时，p

47、lease前要加“，”。如：Please open the door. Open the door，please. （2）命令式的祈使句。如：Dont speak loudly in the classroom.= No speaking loudly in the classroom.常见句型：Whats your name? My name is Gina/Im Gina. Is there your pencil? Yes, it is/No, it isnt.Whats this in English? Its a pencil. Whats your telephone number

48、?/Whats the number of your telephone? Its 281-9716. How do you spell pencil? Its P-E-N-C-I-L. This is my brother. These are my friends. Is this your sister? Is that your brother? Thanks for the photo of your family. Here is my family photo. Where is my backpack? Its under the bed. Are my books on th

49、e chair? No, they arent/Yes, they are. /I dont know. Do you have a soccer ball? Yes, I do. /No, I dont. Lets watch TV. That sounds great/good. Does she like pears? Yes, she does. /No, she doesnt. What about you? He doesnt like ice cream. How about apples? How much is this sweater? Its eight dollars.

50、 How much are these pants? 这条裤子多少钱？They are nine yuan. When is your birthday? My birthday is May 1st. How old are you? Im thirteen. Do you want to go to a movie? Yes, I do. /No, I dont. What kind of movies does she like? 她喜欢哪种电影？She likes comedies but she doesnt like thrillers. What movies does he l

51、ike? 他喜欢什么电影？He likes Harry Potter. Can he dance? Yes, he can. /No, he cant. What club does he want to join? He wants to join the music club. What time does she get up? She gets up at six oclock. What time does your mother eat breakfast? She eat breakfast at seven oclock. Whats your favorite subject

52、? My favorite subject is English. Why do you like English? Because its fun. Who is your English teacher? Mr. Ren. Where is your pen pal from? = Where does your pen pal come from? He is from Australia. = He comes from Australia. Where does he live? He lives in Sydney. What language does he speak? He

53、speaks English. Is there a bank near here?=Is there a bank in the neighborhood? Yes, there is. Its on Zhanqian Road. Where is NO.12 Middles School? Go down Zhanqian Road and turn left at the post office. Its across from the library. Why dont you like lions? Because they are kind of unfriendly. What

54、does he do? = What is he? = Whats his job? He is a driver. What does he want to be? He wants to be an actor. Where does she work? She works in a hospital. What are you doing? I am doing my homework. Do you want to go swimming? Yes, I do. When do you want to go? At three oclock. Hows the weather? = W

55、hats the weather like? Its raining. = Its rainy. Hows it going? = How are getting on? 最近怎么样？Pretty good. Not bad. Its terrible. Is Uncle Li there? 李叔叔在吗？ Whos that? （打电话或别人敲门时） Whos that speaking? This is Li Lei.我是李雷。 What does he look like? 他长的什么样？ Hes tall. /He is of tall height. Hes short and he

56、has long straight black hair. Hes a tall boy with long curly black hair.=Hes tall and he has long curly black hair. He has a big beard. Do you know David, the short man with funny glasses and a big beard? What size bowl of noodles would you like? Id like a large/ medium/ small bowl of noodles. What kind of noodles would you like? Id like beef and tomato noodles，please. Whats your address? My address is 818 Zhanqian Road. What did you do last weekend? On Saturday morning I cleaned my room