语言学期末复习练习及答案

1、英语语言学 期末预测及答案Translate the following terms into Chinese: %x 10=5%)1) affricate 2)distinctive feature 3) parole 4) generative grammar5) bilingualism 6) felicity condition 7) design feature8) denotation 9) labiodental 10) linguistic relativityTranslate the following terms into English: %x 10=5%)II) 人际

2、功能12) 真值条件13) 女性语域14) 音节划分15) 结构主义16)社会语言学17) 论元 18) 单元音 19) 衔接 20) 对比分析III) Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the answer sheet. (1% x 20=20%)1) . language is a system of

3、 arbitrary symbols used for humancommunication.A. culturalB. conventionalC. decodedD. vocal2) . A word with several meanings is called .A. an abnormal wordB. a polysemous wordC. a synonymous wordD. none of the above3) . There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix “ ed ” in the word

4、“ learned ” is known as a(n) .A. derivational morpheme B. free morphemeC. inflectional morpheme D. free form4) . The syntactic rules of any language are in number.A. largeB. smallC. finiteD. infinite5) .“ I picked some tulips. ” “ I picked some flowers. ” .A. entailsB.presupposesC. is inconsistent w

5、ith D. is synonymous with6) . Y's utterance in the following conversation exchange violates the maxim of .X: Who was that you were with last nightY: Did you know that you were wearing odd socksA. quality B. quantity C. relation D. manner7) “ Can I borrow your bike ” “ You have a bike. ”A. is syn

6、onymous withB. is inconsistent withC. entailsD. presupposes8) The study of language at one point of time is a study.A. synchronicB. historicC. diachronicD. descriptive9) Which of the following is a typical tone languageA. EnglishB. ChineseC. FrenchD. All of the above10) Two allophones of the same ph

7、oneme are said to be in .A. phonemic contrastB. complementary distributionC. minimal pairD. none of the above11) In terms of the place of articulation, the following sounds tdszn share the feature of .A. palatal B. alveolar C. bilabial D. dental12) Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced

8、by in 1957.A. L. BloomfieldB. N. ChomskyC. F. SaussureD. M. A. K. Halliday13) Which of the following is a correct description of referenceA. a relationship between an expression and other expressions which have the same meaningB. the set of all objects which can potentially be referred to by an expr

9、essionC. a relationship between a particular object in the world and an expression used in an utterance to pick out that objectD. an intra-linguistic relationship between lexical items14) What is function of the sentence“ How do you do A. Directive B. Phatic C. Informative D. Evocative15) In the fol

10、lowing sounds, is a central vowel.A. / ? /B. /u/ C. /? / D. /3 /16) Which of the following languages has the syllabic writing systemA. Chinese B. Japanese C. English D. French17) Which description of the meaning components of the word “ father ” is rightA. +human, +adult,-male B. +human, -adult, +ma

11、leC. - human, +adult, -male D. +human, +adult, +male18) Once the notion of was taken into consideration, semantics spilledinto pragmatics.A. meaningB. contextC. formD. content19) Black English has a number of distinctive features in its phonological, morphological and syntactic systems which are .A.

12、 rule-governedB. systematicC. arbitraryD. both A and B20) “ Hot dog ” with the first syllable stressed means .A. an overheated animalB. a kind of foodC. a barking dogD. a dead dogIV. Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false:(15 pts,1 point for each)Decide whether each of the

13、following statements is true or false:(1%x 15=15%)1)Animal call systems are not genetically transmitted.2)According to N. Chomsky, “ competence ” is the actual realization of his knowledge in utterance.3)A syllable without a coda is a closed syllable.4)Parole refers to the abstract linguistic system

14、 shared by all the members of a speech community.5)Phonology is a branch of linguistics which studies the sentences patterns of a language.6)Languages differ in their selection of contrastive sounds.7)The English spelling exactly represents its pronunciation.8)Constituents that can be substituted fo

15、r one another with loss of grammaticality belong to the same syntactic category.9)According to semantic triangle, there is no direct link between a symboland referent, . between a word and a thing it refers to.10) A referring expression can be used to refer to nonexistent things.11) All the grammati

16、cally well-formed sentences are semantically well-formed.12) Pragmatics studies the aspect of meaning that is not accounted for by semantics.13) An illocutionary act is the consequence of or the change brought about by the utterance.14) Social dialects, or sociolects, are varieties of language used

17、by people belonging to particular social classes.15) The structural tests focus on the communicative and linguistic competence.V. Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, thefirst letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONEword only, and y

18、ou are not allowed to change the letter given.(1%x 10=10%)1)The three branches of phonetics are labeled as aphonetics,auditory phonetics and acoustic phonetics respectively.2)One general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacy of speech over w.3)Sstudies the sentence structure of language.4)

19、C analysis is based upon the belief that the meaning of a wordcan be divided into meaning components.5)The noun“ tear ” and the verb “ tear ” are h.6)H. Sweet made a distinction between narrow and btranscription.7) Linguistics found that it would be impossible to give an adequate description of mean

20、ing if the c of language use was left unconsidered.8)Interchangeability means that any human being can be both a producer and a of messages.9)Language may determine our thinking pattern and similarity between languages is relative, the greater their structural differentiation is, the more diverse th

21、eir conceptualization of the world will be. This has often been called the Sapir-Whorf h.10)Sact theory is an important theory in the pragmatic study oflanguage.the following terms: %20=10%)Translate the following terms into Chinese: %10=5%)1) 塞擦音 2) 区别性特征3) 言语6) 适切条件7) 结构特征8) 外延对论Translate the following terms into English4) 生成语法 5) 双语现象9) 唇齿音10) 语言相:% 10=5%)13)women register11)interpersonal function 12) truth conditi