人教版八年级下册英语语法全

1、人教版八年级下册英语语法全1. thanks to 与 thanks for 的用法辨析(1) thanks to 是介词短语，意为 “幸亏；由于” ，用来说明原因。其后常用名词或代词在句中做状语， 常位于句首， 其后跟被感谢的对象， 有时可与because of 互换。eg： Thanks to the policeman， we caught the thief at last.(2) thanks for意为 因而感谢”，强调感谢的理由，其后常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。eg： Thanks for sending me flowers.2. in time 与 on time 的用

2、法辨析(1) in time 意为 “及时 ” ，表示时间刚好赶得上。eg： The doctor came in time and saved his life.on time意为 按时”，表示在约定或规定时间之内。eg： Please remember to get up on time.3. run out 与 run out of 的用法辨析(1) run out of 意为 “用完；用光”，表示主动的意义，主语是人。eg： Yesterday I ran out of the sugar in the kitchen.(2) run out 用作不及物动词，表示 “用完；耗尽；某物用

3、完(花光) ” 。eg： His money soon ran out.4. used to与be used to的用法辨析(1) used to意为曾经;过去 ，其后踉动词原形，表示过去存在的某种状态或者过去的某种经常性、习惯性的行为或动作，目的在于与现在形成对照。eg： He used to read books at hom，ebut now he always plays computer games outside.be used to意为习惯于 ，其中to为介词，故其后面跟名词、代词或动词的-ing形式。其中be动词还可以用get替换，get used to意为 变得习惯于eg：

4、He s used to getting up early on weekdays.5. alone与lonely的用法辨析eg： His grandparents live alone in a small hous，e but they don t feel lonely.(1) alone 意为 “独自；单独” ，着重说明独自一人，不带有感情色彩，仅表示客观的状态。eg： I don t need your h，elpso I can finish the work alone.(2) lonely 意为 “孤独的；寂寞的 ” ，有强烈的感情色彩；还有 “荒凉的；偏僻的 ”的意思。eg:

5、 He felt lonely after his children went to American.There are many snakes on the lonely island.(3) alone 为表语形容词，只能做表语不能做定语；而 lonely 既可以做表语也可作定语。6. excited 与 exciting 的用法辨析eg： The sports show is exciting， so we are really excited.be excited about表示 对感到兴奋”；excited意为 激动的，兴奋的，用于描述人的主观感受。eg： I was excite

6、d about the idea of having a dog.(2) exciting 意为 “令人兴奋的” ，用于修饰或描述事物本身的性质。eg： The story is so exciting that we all want to know the end.(3) 与 exciting 和 excited 类似的词还有：surprised/surprising； interested/interesting； relaxed/relaxing； bored/boring； tired/tiring 等。7. lend 与 borrow 的用法辨析(1) borrow 指从别人那里借

7、入东西，常用语句型borrow something from somebodyor somewhere 表示 “从某人或某处借某物 ” 。eg： Do you often borrow books from library?(2) lend 指把东西借给别人， 强调借出， 常用语句型lend something to somebody，表示 “把某物借给某人” 。eg： He lent his umbrella to me yesterday， so I didn t get wet.8. in order to 与 in order that 的用法辨析(1) in order to 意为

8、“目的是，为了 ” ，和后面的动词构成不定式短语，表示目的。可放在句首，也可位于句中。其否定式为 in order not to。eg： In order to have a good future， we should study hard now.She said she was ill in order not to go to school.(2) in order that也表示 为了”，引导目的状语从句，相当于 so that。eg： We used the computer in order that we might save time.(3) 当 in order that

9、引导的从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，可以把从句改写成in order to 结构。eg： we started early in order that we could catch the first train.=We started early in order to catch the first train.9. offer 与 provide 的用法辨析(1) provide 和 offer 都有 “提供；供给” 的意思。provide 侧重于做好准备而提供。provide something for somebody = provide somebody with somethin

10、g “给某人 提供某物 ”。eg： The school provides three meals a day for us.= The school provides us with three meals a day.(2) offer 表示 “主动提出，资源给予” 。常见搭配有offer to do something， offersomebody something 或 offer something to somebody。eg： She offered me a cup of tea.10. hit 与 beat 的用法辨析(1) hit 做动词，意为 “碰撞；打击” ，强调一次性

11、动作。其过去式和过去分词与原形同形。 hit somebody 意为 “击中某人 ” ；表示 “击中身体的某一部位”则用 “hitsomebody 疥词+the+身体部位”。eg： Thomas hit Sam on the head.注意：get hit by为被动结构，意为 被打着”。eg： Susan got hit by a basketball when passing by the playground.(2) beat 做动词，意为 “打；敲；接连打击；击败”，强调重复性动作。eg： My heart was beating so quickly after knowing th

12、e exciting news.11. so -that(1)His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even after this experience.该句为so “that 引导的结果状语从何，意为 如此以至于 该仔型中的 so 为副词，用来修饰形容词或副词； that 后为从句，当主句的主语和从句的主语一致时，也可用too -to 或enough to 构成简单句表达。eg： He is so old that he can go to school.=He s old

13、enough to go to school.This question is so difficult that I can it out. t work(2)You should call him so that you can say you re sorry.该句为so that引导的目的状语从句，so that意为 为了；以便于，that从句中常 使用can， may 等情态动词。an.eg： We started early so that we could catch the first train to Xi12. 提建议的句型“Why not/ Why don tyoU+京形

14、”意为为什么不 。 ”常用肯定答语有：Good idea!/Good./All right./Sure.等。否定答语有：No, I don t think so./ Sorry, I can。 t.eg： -Why don t you buy some flowers for your moth？er- -Good idea!- -A nice day， isn t？ it- -Yes, why not go for a picnic and relax ourselves.(2) “Let确+原形+其他”，意为 让我们 吧”。eg： Let s play soccer after schoo

15、l.“How/What about名词/代词/动词-ing形式+其他？ ”意为“ 怎么样？ ”eg： What about talking about it with your teacher？“Would you like to动词原形”，意为 你愿意吗？ ”。eg： Would you like to watch a game show on TV?(5) “could/should+词原形+其他”，意为何以/应该eg： The hospital is far from here. You could take a bus there.You should obey the rules i

16、n school.13.动词不定式的用法动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。基本形式为“to动词原形”；其否定式为“not+动词不定式” 。不定式可在句中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等，其用法如下：(1)位于learn， begin， want， plan， agree， decide， would like 等动词后面做宾语。eg： They decided to visit Hong Kong next week.(2)放在tell ， ask， want， like 等动词后做宾语补足语。eg： He asked my father to repair his broken car.(

17、3)位于感官动词 see, hear, watch, feel, notice 或使役动词 let, make, have等后做宾语补足语时，常用不带 to 的不定式。eg： I saw a dog come out of the room.(4) 位于happy， sad， glad， surprised， bored， relaxed， excited 等形容词后做状语，表示原因。eg： Helen was surprised to meet me in the street.(5)和which, what, where等疑问词连用，在句中做主语，表语和宾语等。eg： When to st

18、art is not decided yet.The problem is where to have a party.I want to know how to get to the park.人教版八年级下册英语语法全14 .have trouble 的用法(1) trouble做不可数名词，意为 困难；麻烦。Have (some, much, no) trouble (in) doing something意为 在做某事方面有(一些，许多，没有，困难”。其中trouble还可以改为 difficulty , problem 等。eg: I have trouble understandi

19、ng it.(2) have trouble with something意为 在某(些)方面有困难”。eg: I have trouble with my English.15 .反身代词的用法反身代词用来表示反射或强调，与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系，在人称、 性别和数上保持一致。(1)反身代词的构成第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself/herself/itself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves(2)反身代词的用法可做宾语，指宾语和主语表示的是同一个或同一些人或事物eg: My sister can t look aft

20、er herself well.可做表语，指表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事。eg： Just be yourself.可做主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气eg： I met the writer himself last week.用在某些固定短语中。look after oneself; take care of oneself; teach oneself; learn something by oneself;enjoy oneself; help oneself to something; hurt onese；lf all by oneself 等。eg： Those girl

21、s enjoyed themselves in the party.16 .主语+谓语+it+形容词+不定式”结构You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky.17 .在句中it做make的形式宾语，不定式短语for me to have Lucky为真正的宾语。这一结构通常由形容词做宾补构成主语+谓语+it+形容词+不定式”的结构。eg： I think it important to learn English well.拓展： it 还可以做形式主语，把真正的主语放在句尾。eg： It s necessary for us to

22、exercise every day.18 .as soon asThe minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over.the minute相当于as soon as意为 就 ，引导的问状语从句。此句型遵循 “主将从现” 的原则。当从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。eg： I ll write to you the minute I get to America.=I ll write to you as soon as I get to America.19 .to引导不定式短语做目的状语，意为“为了”。常放在旬首，表示强调。 eg: To learn English well, he listens to English tapes every day.20 .any other 的用法(1) any other意为“其他任何一