真题里面上半部分是下半答案解析2016考研路的加油站

1、2016 年入学统一英语试题In Cambodia the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends,those of the young women, but also a matchmaker. A young man can 2 a likely spouse on his own and them ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations. or the youn

2、g mans parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. 4 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 5 a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a lo

3、ng and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days 7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and 8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the brides and grooms wrists

4、 ,and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11 .Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wifes parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a flew house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to 14 ,but not common .Divorced persons are 15 with so

5、me disapproval.Each spouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, and jointly acquired propertyis 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 19 up .The divorcedmaledoesnthaveawaitingperiodbeforehecanremarry20thewomanmustwaitthemonths.11. A by way ofB as well asC on

6、 behalf ofD with regard to2. A adapt toB provide forCcompete withD decide on3. A closeB renewCarrangeD postpone4. A In theoryB Above allC In timeD For example5. A AlthoughB LestC AfterD Unless6. A intoB withinC fromD through7. A sineB orC butD so8. A testBcopyCreciteD create9. A foldingB pilingC wra

7、ppingD tying10. A lightingB passingC hidingD serving11. A meetingB associationC collectionDunion12. A growB partC dealDliveSection I Use of English Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)13.AwhereasB u

8、ntilC forD if14.AobtainB followC challenge Davoid15.AisolatedB persuadedCviewedD exposed16.AwhereverB howeverCwheneverDwhatever17.A changedB broughtCshapedD pushed18.A dividedB investedC donatedD withdrawn19.AclearsB warmsC showsD breaks20.AwhileB so whatConceD in thatSection II ReadingComprehension

9、Part ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questionsbelow each text by choosing A, B, C orD. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40points)Text 1France, which prides itself as the globalinnovator of fashion, has decided its fashionindustry has lost an absolute right to definephysi

10、cal beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gavepreliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin modelson runways.The parliament also agreed to ban websites that” incite excessive thinness”by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. T

11、hey suggest beauty should not be definedby looks that end up with impinging on health. Thats a start. And the ban on ultra-thin modelsseems to go beyond protecting models from starring themselves to health as some have done. Ittells the fashion industry that it move take responsibility for the signa

12、l it sends women,especially teenage girls, about the social tape measure they must use todetermine theirindividual worth.The bans, if fully enforced ,would suggest to woman (and many men )that they should not letothers be orbiters of their beauty .And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should lo

13、ok to2intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to sine zero orwasp-waist physiques .The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture thatstill regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model

14、 thatdoes not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a $85,000 fine and six monthsin prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornmentand idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is tryingto

15、set voluntary standard for models and fashion images there rely more on pear pressure forenforcement.In contrast to Frances actions, Denmarks fashion industry agreed last monthon rules and sanctions regarding age, health, and other characteristics of models .The newlyrevised Danish Fashion Ethical c

16、harter clearly states, we are aware of and take responsibilityfor the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people. The charters main toll of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen.Fashion week, which is men by the Danish Fashion

17、 Institute .But in general it relies on a name-andshame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address themisuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beautybeyond the material standards of a particular industry.21.Accordi

18、ng to the first paragraph, what would happen inFrance?APhysical beauty would be redefinedBNew runways would be constructedCWebsites about dieting would thriveDThe fashion industry would decline22.The phrase “impinging on”(Line2 Para2) is closest inmeaningtoAheightening the value ofBindicating the st

19、ate ofClosing faith inDdoing harm to23.Which of the following is true of the fashion industryAThe French measures have already failed3CModels are no longer under peer pressureDIts inherent problems are getting worse24.A designer is most likely to be rejected byCFW forAsetting perfect physical condit

20、ionsBcaring too much about models characterCshowing little concern for health factorsDpursuing a high age threshold for models25.Which of the following maybe the best titleof the text?AA challenge to the Fashion Industrys BodyIdealsBA Dilemma for the starving models in FranceCJust Another Round of s

21、truggle for beautyDThe Great Threats to the Fashion IndustryText 2For the first time in the history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britainthis has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate “the countryside” alongside theroyal family. Shakespeare and the National Health S

22、ervice (NHS) as what make them proudest oftheir country, this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill launched theNational Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyoneforever”. It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for

23、leisure where they couldexperience “a refreshing air”. Hills pressure laterled to the creation of national parksand green belts. They dont make countryside any more,and every year concrete consumes moreof it .It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seemlikely to e

24、ndorse this sentiment. TheConservatives planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation,even authorizing “offplan” building where local people might object. The concept ofsustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue localp

25、lanning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent only usensing4its chance, has sides with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land.Its campaign to protect Rural England struck terror into many local conservative parties.The sensible place to build

26、new houses factories and offices is where people are in citiesand towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyed recently identifiedenough sites for half of million houses in the Landon area alone with no intrusion on green belts.What is true of London is even truer of t

27、he provinces. The idea that “housing crisis” equals“concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always,where to put them under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urbanrenovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping site

28、s against high streets. This is nota free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. Theydo so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urbanconservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned, no

29、t let trip, After the Netherlands, Britain is Europes mostcrowed country. Half a century of town and country planning has enable it to retain an enviablerural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of thealternative-the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal

30、, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this ratherthan promotingit should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26.Britainspublic sentiment about the countrysideAis notwell reflected in politicsBis fully backed by the royal familyCdidnt start fill the Shakespearean ageDhas brought much benefit to

31、 the NHS27.According to paragraph 2，the achievements of the National Trust are nowbeingAlargely overshadowedBproperly protectedCeffectively reinforcedDgradually destroyed28.Which of the following can be offered from paragraph 3A Labour is under attack for opposing developmentB The Conservatives may

32、abandon “off-plan” building5CUkip may gain from its support for rural conservationDThe Liberal Democrats are losing political influence29.Theauthor holds that George Osborness preferenceAshows his disregard for the character of rural areaBstresses the necessity of easing the housing crisisChighlight

33、s his firm stand against lobby pressureDreveals a strong prejudice against urban areas30.In the last paragraph the author show his appreciation ofAthesize of population in BritainBtheenviable urban lifestyle in BritainCthetown-and-country planning in BritainDthepolitical life in todays BritainText 3

34、“There is one and only one social responsibility of business”wrote Milton Friedman, a NobelPrize-winning economist “That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed toincrease its profits.” But even if you accept Friedmans premise and regard corporate socialresponsibility(CSR) policie

35、s as a waste of shareholderss money, thinay not be absolutelyclear-act. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies at least whenthey are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR,according to an e

36、stimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses inthree ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal” that a companys productsare of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a companys products as an indirectmay to donate to the good causes it he

37、lps. And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect” wherebyits good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers canbe affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking

38、 at briberyprosecutions under Americans Foreign Corrupt Practices Act（FCPA）.It argues that sinceprosecutors do not consume a companys products as part of their investigations，they could be6influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that，among prosecuted firms，those withthe most comprehensive

39、 CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruledout the possibility that it was firms political influence, rather than their CSR stand, thataccounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receivelower fines.In all, the study conclu

40、des that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based onits merits, they do seem to be influenced by a companys record in CSR. “We estimate that eithereliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporategiving by about20% result in fines that genera

41、lly are 40% lower than the typical punishment forbribing foreign officials.” says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question at how much businesses oughtto spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, ratherthan the other pos

42、sible benefits, when they companies get into troublewiththelaw,evidenceof good character can win them a less costly punishment.31. The author views Milton Friedmans statement about CSR withAuncertaintyBskepticismCapprovalDtolerance32. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company byAguarding it agai

43、nst malpracticesBprotecting it from consumersCwinning trust from consumers.Draising the quality of its products33. The expression “more lenient”(line 2,Para.4)is closest in meaningtoAlesscontroversialBmorelastingCmoreeffectiveDlesssevere734. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a companys CSRrecordAcom

44、es across as reliable evidenceBhas an impact on their decisionCincreases the chance of being penalizedDconstitutes part of the investigation35. Which of the following is true of CSR according tothe last paragraph?AThe necessary amount of companies spending on itis unknownBCompanies financial capacit

45、y for it has been overestimatedCIts negative effects on businesses are often overlookedDIt has brought much benefit to the banking industryText 4There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint.Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. ”Somet

46、ime in the future,” the paperspublisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, theres plenty of incentive toditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper printing presses,delivery trucks isnt just expensive; its excessive at a time when on

47、line only competitorsdont have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway.And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from printis still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its

48、 print edition wouldbe a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldnt waste time getting out of the print business, but onlyif they go about doing it the right way. “Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition wouldmake sense for them,” he said, “but if you discontin

49、ue it, youre going have your most loyalcustomers really upset with you.”Sometimes thats worth making a change anyway. Perettigives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. “Itwas seen as blunder,” he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peret

50、ti were in8charge at the Times? ”I wouldnt pick a year to end print,” he said “I would raise pricesand make it into more of a legacy product.”The most loyal customers would still get theproduct they favor, the idea goes, and theyd feel like they were helping sustain the qualityof something they beli

51、eve in. “So if youre overpaying for print, you could feel like you werehelping,” Peretti said. “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try togenerate additional revenue.”In other words, if youre going to make a print product, make it for the people who arealready obsessed with i

52、t. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print editionseven days a week costs nearly $500 a year more than twice as much as a digital onlysubscription.“Its a really hard thing to do and its a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeeddoesnt have alegacy business,” Peretti remarked. “But wer

53、e going to have questions likethat where we have things were doing that dont make sense when the market changes and theworld changes. In those situations, its better to be more aggressive that less aggressive.”36.TheNew York Times isconsidering ending its print edition partly duetoAtheincreasing onl

54、ineand salesBthepressure from itsinvestorsCthecomplaints from its readersDthehigh cost of operation37. Peretti suggests that in face of the present situation, The Times shouldAmake strategic adjustmentsBend the print sedition for goodCseek new sources of leadershipDaim for efficient management38. It

55、 can be inferred from paragraphs 5and 6 that a ” legacy product”Ahelps restore the glory of former timesBis meant for the most loyal customersCwill have the cost of printing reducedDexpands the popularity of the paper39. Peretti believes that in a changing worldA traditional luxuries can stay unaffected9Bcautiousness facilitates problem-solvingCaggressiveness better meets challengesDlegacy businesses areing out dat