2022阅读技巧之词义猜测

1、2022高考英语二轮复习高考英语二轮复习阅读理解解题技巧阅读理解解题技巧一、一、 词义猜测词义猜测 （word-guessing） How can you guess the meaning of a word? 1.Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My teacher was an older woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter. “圆胖的圆胖的, 丰满的丰满的” 1.synonym 同义词同义词Skill 1 A good boss can tell the adept worke

2、rs from the unskilled ones easily. 熟练的熟练的1.antonym 反义词反义词Skill 1通过通过对比和比较找出对比和比较找出 同义词、同义词、反义词反义词 (synonym) (antonym)来猜测词义来猜测词义解题技巧一：解题技巧一：表示对比关系的词汇和短语表示对比关系的词汇和短语: unlike，however，despite，in spite of，in contrast 和和similarly ，just as，also等等。1.）Andrew is one of the most arrogant men I know. His brothe

3、r, in contrast, is quite modest.傲慢的傲慢的Skill 12.）Green loves to talk，and his brothers are similarly loquacious. 健谈的健谈的Skill 1 She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long. “修剪修剪”2以因果关系为线索以因果关系为线索 cause and effectSkill 2以以因果关系因果关系为线索猜测词义为线索猜测词义 cause and effect解题技巧二：解题技巧二：

4、1）The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again. 永久的永久的Challenge yourself !Challenge yourself !1. Car rentals are becoming more and more popular as an inexpensive way of taking to the road. 不贵的不贵的3.prefix 前缀前缀S

5、kill 3可预见的可预见的3.suffix 后缀后缀Skill 32.This possibility was foreseeable，because it always happened.根据根据 构词法（前缀构词法（前缀prefix、后缀后缀suffix）来猜测词义）来猜测词义解题技巧三：解题技巧三：1.They took care not to prejudge the issue.预先判断，过早判断预先判断，过早判断2.We should attach importance to the problems of childrens non-attendance at school.

6、缺席、不到场缺席、不到场1.It will be very hard but also very brittle.that is, it will break easily Skill 4脆的脆的4.定义法定义法根据根据 定义（定义（definition）来猜）来猜测词义测词义常用提示词：常用提示词：that is，be defined as, be known as , be called, mean 等等.解题技巧四：解题技巧四：1.) The young man was bashful that he did not dare to speak to the pretty girl. s

7、kill4羞怯的羞怯的 2. ） The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.1.You can take any of the periodicals: Reader, English Salon , or English Learning. Skill 5 期刊期刊5.以列举的事例以列举的事例根据根据 列举的事例来猜测词义列举的事例来猜测词义解题技巧五：解题技巧五：2.）家用电器家用电器1.This kind of flower thrives in this area because the weat

8、her is warm, the soil is excellent and there is a lot of rain. A. grows well B. makes a few flowers C. dies D. fails to growSkill 66.语境判断语境判断通过上下文语境来猜测词义通过上下文语境来猜测词义 context解题技巧六：解题技巧六：At the age of 77，John was still playing a skillful game of tennis，ran four miles everyday and seldom missed his dai

9、ly swimFor a man of his age he was extremely robust According to the short passage，the word“robust”，probably means_. A. strange Bweak C. Strong D. interestingSkill 6What skills have we learnt?1.通过对比和比较找出反义词，近义词通过对比和比较找出反义词，近义词来猜测词义（来猜测词义（synonym，antonym）2.根据因果关系猜测词义（根据因果关系猜测词义（cause and effect）3.根据根

10、据 定义来猜测词义（定义来猜测词义（definition）4.根据根据 构词法：前缀、后缀来猜测词义构词法：前缀、后缀来猜测词义5.根据根据 列举的事例来猜测词义列举的事例来猜测词义（example）6.通过上下文语境来猜测词义（通过上下文语境来猜测词义（context）1. When Andrea Peterson did her first teaching job, she faced the daunting task of creating a music program with almost no money for equipment or supplies .The unde

11、rlined word “daunting” means _.（ 2007山东卷) A. challenging B. interesting C. creative D. easy-goingA3.Some family names were made by adding something to fathers name. English- speaking people added s or son . For example, the Johnsons are descendants of John.(2010 江苏)A. later generations B. friends an

12、d relatives C. colleagues and partners D. later sponsorsThe ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution he was banished. A few members of the Senate(参议院参议院) opposed this decision, but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country forever. 真题再练真题再练 (2017全国全国卷卷29) Gray

13、 wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where

14、there were fewer humans around. What does the underlined word “displaced” in the paragraph mean?A. Tested. B. Separated.C. Forced out. D. Tracked down.C 推断单词含义。推断单词含义。由画线词的前一分句可知由画线词的前一分句可知“灰狼灰狼在黄石和美国大陆的大部分地区曾经随处可见在黄石和美国大陆的大部分地区曾经随处可见”，但但but话锋一转，话锋一转，“但是由于人类的发展，它们渐但是由于人类的发展，它们渐渐地渐地”；渐渐地怎么了？；渐渐地怎么了？“

15、到到20世纪世纪20年代在黄石年代在黄石几乎消失了几乎消失了”；去哪了？；去哪了？“去了人口稀少的加拿大去了人口稀少的加拿大森林了。森林了。”由此推断，它们因人类的发展而由此推断，它们因人类的发展而“被迫被迫离开离开(forced out)”美国大陆，故选美国大陆，故选C项。其他选项项。其他选项“被测试被测试”“”“被分开被分开”“”“被跟踪追捕被跟踪追捕”均与语境无均与语境无关。关。取代取代, ,替代替代测试测试分开分开追查到追查到 (2016全国全国卷卷30) There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditi

16、ons. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but youll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so its a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it. What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. A practical idea.B. A vain

17、 hope.C. A brilliant plan.D. A selfish desire.B 推断短语含义。推断短语含义。由画线词所在句由画线词所在句“but youll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so its a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it”可知，它需要在温暖的气候、肥沃可知，它需要在温暖的气候、肥沃的土壤下才可以种植，因此，对相信可以种植它的的土壤下才可以种植，因此，对相信可以种植它的大多数苹果爱好者都大多数苹果爱好者都“希望落

18、空希望落空”，故选，故选B项。项。 (2017全国全国卷卷33) Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now be

19、comes lunch. What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in the paragraph?A. The attackers get attacked. B. The insects gather under the table.C. The plants get ready to fight back. D. The perfumes attract natural enemies.A 推断句子含义。推断句子含义。画线处前一句提到一些被袭击画线处前一句提到一些被袭击的植物发出香味来吸引袭击者的天敌，画线处的植物发出香味

20、来吸引袭击者的天敌，画线处后一句提到那些本来打算去吃午餐的袭击者变后一句提到那些本来打算去吃午餐的袭击者变成了午餐，换句话说，这些袭击者就变成被袭成了午餐，换句话说，这些袭击者就变成被袭击者了。因此选击者了。因此选A项。项。 (2017全国全国卷卷29) Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations. Its Jason

21、Morans job to help change that爵士乐爱好者正在减少并逐渐变老，且不受年轻爵士乐爱好者正在减少并逐渐变老，且不受年轻一代欢迎一代欢迎 What does the underlined word “that” in the paragraph refer to?A. Jazz becoming more accessible.B. The production of jazz growing faster.C. Jazz being less popular with the young.D. The jazz audience becoming larger.C 代

22、词指代题。代词指代题。指代上一段的指代上一段的“the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.”，爵士乐爱好者正在减少并逐渐变老，且爵士乐不爵士乐爱好者正在减少并逐渐变老，且爵士乐不受年轻一代欢迎。故选受年轻一代欢迎。故选C项。项。 (2019全国全国1卷卷) But hes nervous.Im here to tell you today why you should shouldChris trips on

23、 the-ld,a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support.Vote for me Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise

24、him.25. What does the underlined word stumbles in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Improper pauses.B. Bad manners.C. Spelling mistakes. D. Silly jokes. (2019全国全国2卷卷) I guess that theres probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need

25、 a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids arent even on At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, Alright. Yes, Ill do it.25. What does the underlined phrase tug at the heartstrings in para