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1、PabloPicassoPabloPicassc(25October1881-8April1973)wasaSpanishpainter,sculptor,printmaker,ceramicist,stagedesigner,poetandplaywrightwhospentmostofhisadultlifeinFrance.Regardedasoneofthemostinfluentialartistsofthe20thcentury,heisknownforco-foundingtheCubistmovement(立体派运动),theinventionofconstructedscul
2、pture,theco-inventionofcollage,andforthewidevarietyofstylesthathehelpeddevelopandexplore.Amonghismostfamousworksaretheproto-Cubist,LesDemoisellesdAvignon(亚维农的少女,1907),andGuernica(各尔尼卡,1937),adramaticportrayalofthebombingofGuernicabytheGermanandItalianairforces.?Picassosworkisoftencategorizedintoperi
3、ods.Whilethenamesofmanyofhislaterperiodsaredebated,themostcommonlyacceptedperiodsinhisworkaretheBluePeriod(1901T904),theRosePeriod(1904906),theAfrican-influencedPeriod(1907T909),andSyntheticCubism(19121919),alsoreferredtoastheCrystalperiodMuchofPicassosworkofthelate1910sandearly1920sisinaneoclassica
4、lstyle,andhisworkinthemid-1920softenhascharacteristicsofSurrealism.Hislaterworkoftencombineselementsofhisearlierstyles.Career,BluePeriod:1901T904蓝色时期 RosePeriod:1904T906玫瑰时期 Africanartandprimitivism:1907T909非洲艺术与原始主义 Syntheticcubism:1912-1919综合立体画派 Neoclassicismandsurrealism:1919T929新古典主义和超现实主义Andto
5、day,IllmainlyfollowtheseimportantperiodsofPicassoslife,introducingthisBefore1900Picassostrainingunderhisfatherbeganbefore1890.HisprogresscanbetracedinthecollectionofearlyworksnowheldbytheMuseuPicassoinBarcelona,whichprovidesoneofthemostcomprehensiverecordsextantofanymajorartistsbeginnings.By1894hisc
6、areerasapaintercanbesaidtohavebegun.In1897,hisrealismbegantoshowaSymbolistinfluence,forexample,inaseriesoflandscapepaintingsrenderedinnon-naturalisticvioletandgreentones.PicassomadehisfirsttriptoParis,theartcapitalofEurope,in1900.There,hemethisfirstParisianfriend,journalistandpoetMaxJacob,whohelpedP
7、icassolearnthelanguage.Theseweretimesofseverepoverty,cold,anddesperation.BluePeriod:1901-1904PicassosBluePeriod(1901T904),characterizedbysombrepaintingsrenderedinshadesofblueandblue-green,onlyoccasionallywarmedbyothercolours,beganeitherinSpaininearly1901,orinParisinthesecondhalfoftheyear.Manypaintin
8、gsofgauntmotherswithchildrendatefromtheBluePeriod.Prostitutesandbeggarsarefrequentsubjects.PicassowasinfluencedbyatripthroughSpainandbythesuicideofhisfriendCarlosCasagemas.RosePeriod:1904T906TheRosePeriod(1904-1906)ischaracterizedbyalightertoneandstyleutilizingorangeandpinkcolours,andfeaturingmanyci
9、rcuspeople(马戏团的人),acrobats(杂技3寅员)andharlequins(丑角)knowninFranceassaltimbanques.Theharlequin,acomediccharacterusuallydepictedincheckeredpatternedclothing,becameapersonalsymbolforPicasso.PicassometFernandeOlivier,abohemianartistwhobecamehismistress,inParisin1904.OlivierappearsinmanyofhisRosePeriodpain
10、tings,manyofwhichareinfluencedbyhiswarmrelationshipwithher,inadditiontohisincreasedexposuretoFrenchpainting.Africanartandprimitivism:1907-1909PicassosAfrican-influencedPeriod(1907-1909)beginswithhispaintingLesDemoisellesdAvignon.PicassopaintedthiscompositioninastyleinspiredbyIberian(伊比利亚)sculpture.I
11、deasdevelopedduringthisperiodleaddirectlyintotheCubistperiod.Syntheticcubism:1912T919Syntheticcubism(1912-1919)wasafurtherdevelopmentofthegenreofcubism,inwhichcutpaperfragments-oftenwallpaperorportionsofnewspaperpageswerepastedintocompositions,markingthefirstuseofcollageinfineart.Between1915and1917,
12、PicassobeganaseriesofpaintingsdepictinghighlygeometricandminimalistCubistobjects,consistingofeitherapipe,aguitaroraglass,withanoccasionalelementofcollage.Hard-edgedsquare-cutdiamonds,notesarthistorian(艺术史学家)JohnRichardson:thesegemsdonotalwayshaveupsideordownside.AttheoutbreakofWorldWarIinAugust1914,
13、PicassowaslivinginAvignon.Duringthewar,Picassowasabletocontinuepaintinguninterrupted,unlikehisFrenchcomrades.Hispaintingsbecamemoresombreandhislifechangedwithdramaticconsequences.Neoclassicismandsurrealism:1919-1929InFebruary1917,PicassomadehisfirsttriptoItaly.IntheperiodfollowingtheupheavalofWorldW
14、arI,Picassoproducedworkinaneoclassicalstyle.ThisreturntoorderisevidentintheworkofmanyEuropeanartistsinthe1920s.PicassospaintingsanddrawingsfromthisperiodfrequentlyrecalltheworkofRaphael(拉斐尔)andIngres(支格尔).GuernicaPicassosmostfamousworkishisdepictionoftheGermanbombingofGuernicaduringtheSpanishCivilWa
15、r-Guernica.Itembodiesformanytheinhumanity,brutalityandhopelessnessofwar.Thepainting,whichusesapaletteofgray,black,andwhite,isregardedbymanyartcriticsasoneofthemostmovingandpowerfulanti-warpaintingsinhistory.LaColombe(TheDove)Picassdslithograph(版画),LaColombe(TheDove),atraditional,realisticpictureofap
16、igeon,withoutanolivebranch,waschosenastheemblem象征)fortheWorldPeaceCongressinParisinApril1949.ThedovebecameasymbolforthepeacemovementandtheidealsoftheCommunistPartyandwasusedinCommunistdemonstrationsoftheperiod.(PicassojoinedtheFrenchCommunistPartyin1944,attendedaninternationalpeaceconferenceinPolandandin1950receivedtheStalinPeacePrizefromtheSovietgovernment.)Atthe1950WorldPeaceCongress(世界和平大会)inSheffield(谢菲尔德),Picas
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