英语翻译课件

1、1.1. The Nature of Translation (The Nature of Translation (本质本质) )2.2. The Definition of Translation (The Definition of Translation (定义定义) )3.3. The Criteria for Translation (The Criteria for Translation (标准标准) )4.4. The Process of Translation (The Process of Translation (步骤步骤) )5.5.Translators Comp

2、etence (Translators Competence (译者所应具备的能力译者所应具备的能力) )6.6.The Methods of Translation (The Methods of Translation (方法方法) ) About translation What is the nature of translation?The Nature of TranslationEugene Nida A branch of scienceA branch of science What is the nature of translation?The Nature of Tra

3、nslation傅雷傅雷 An artAn artThe Nature of Translation孙迎春孙迎春skill/craft/instrumentskill/craft/instrument What is the nature of translation?The Nature of Translation茅盾茅盾 The combination of art and scienceThe combination of art and science Linguistic views on translation: Translation is “the replacement o

4、f textual material in one language (Source Language) by equivalent textual material in another language.” (Catford)The Definition of Translation Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning, and

5、second in terms of style. - Eugene Nida所谓翻译，是指从语义到风格在译语中用最所谓翻译，是指从语义到风格在译语中用最切近而又最自然的对等语再现原语的信息。切近而又最自然的对等语再现原语的信息。-尤金尤金.奈达奈达The Definition of Translation Communicative views on translation: The translator attempts to produce the same effect on the target language readers as was produced on the orig

6、inal source language readers. (Newmark) 翻译是异语交际活动，通过语言转换达到交际翻译是异语交际活动，通过语言转换达到交际目的。（张泽乾）目的。（张泽乾）The Definition of Translation Semantic views on translation: Translation is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that author intended the text. (Newmark) 把一种语言文字的意义用另一种语言文字表达把一

7、种语言文字的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来。出来。(现代汉语词典现代汉语词典)The Definition of Translation Cultural views on translation: For truly successful translating, biculturalism is even more important than bilingualism, since words only have meanings in terms of the cultures in which they function. (Nida) 翻译是将一种语言文字所蕴含的意思用另一种翻译是将

8、一种语言文字所蕴含的意思用另一种语言文字表达出来的文化活动。语言文字表达出来的文化活动。 (王克非王克非)The Definition of TranslationGeneral laws of translationGeneral laws of translation (Tytler (Tytler) )1. The translation should give a complete 1. The translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work.transcript of th

9、e ideas of the original work.2. The style and manner of writing should 2. The style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the be of the same character with that of the original.original.3. The translation should have all the ease 3. The translation should have all the ea

10、se of original composition.of original composition.The Criteria for Translation Criteria for translation 1) True to the original;2) Vivid;3) Smooth and natural;4) Equivalence of response.The Criteria for TranslationIn China1.1.玄奘玄奘：既须求真，又须喻俗既须求真，又须喻俗2.2.严复：严复：译事三难：信，达，雅。求其信，译事三难：信，达，雅。求其信， 已大难矣！顾信矣，

11、不达，虽译犹已大难矣！顾信矣，不达，虽译犹 不译也，则达尚焉。不译也，则达尚焉。(1898)(1898)3.3.鲁迅：鲁迅：凡是翻译，必须兼顾两面，一当然是凡是翻译，必须兼顾两面，一当然是 求其易解，一则保存着原作的风姿。求其易解，一则保存着原作的风姿。4.4.傅雷傅雷：重神似，不重形似重神似，不重形似5.5.钱钟书钱钟书：化境化境6.6.许渊冲许渊冲：杨长避短，发挥译文语言优势。杨长避短，发挥译文语言优势。The Criteria for TranslationThe Process of Translation The Four-phase Process in Translating1)

12、 analysis of the source text;2) transfer from source to target language;3) Restructuring in the target language;4) Testing of the translated text with persons who represent the intended audience.The Process of TranslationThe Basic Process of Translation1) Accurate comprehension;stylistic analysissem

13、antic analysispragmatic analysiscontextual analysislogical analysis2) Adequate representation;3) Revision. To be a good translator: a sense of responsibilityTo be a good translator: a sense of responsibility1)1) the responsibility of representing the original; the responsibility of representing the

14、original; 2)2) fulfilling ones clients requirements;fulfilling ones clients requirements;3)3) conforming to the socio-cultural norms of the conforming to the socio-cultural norms of the receiving country;receiving country;4)4) satisfying the demands of the target language satisfying the demands of t

15、he target language reader;reader;5)5) abiding by ones professional ethics.abiding by ones professional ethics.Translators CompetenceA translator must be a Jack of all trades and master of some.朱宪超朱宪超& &韩子满韩子满Translators Competence Bilingual Competencetarget language + source language Bicultural Comp

16、etencethe differences and the like in history, geography, climate, lifestyles between target language and source language Encyclopedic Knowledgespecialize in more than one field;the use of computers and software;knowledge of the Internet. Political Stand(Just) Imagine (it).Ill buy it. 不可能不可能 想不到想不到

17、真没想到真没想到 我不懂我不懂 我答不出我答不出 请告诉我请告诉我Translators Competence“Come, Come! Dont be so devilishly sulky: its boyish.”“Why, man, youre genius, a master of masters, a god! At twenty-four, too!”得，得，也用不着那样地不开心，这完全是得，得，也用不着那样地不开心，这完全是孩子气。孩子气。”唉，老兄，你真是个天才，圣人中的圣人，唉，老兄，你真是个天才，圣人中的圣人，人间的天神！而且年纪才只有二十四岁！人间的天神！而且年纪才只有二

18、十四岁！”Translators Competence1. 1. 陈先生乃中国学界泰斗。陈先生乃中国学界泰斗。2. 2. 那位研究生英年好学，矻矻三载，终那位研究生英年好学，矻矻三载，终 始其论文得以付梓。始其论文得以付梓。Mr. Chen is a renowned master in the Mr. Chen is a renowned master in the academic circles of China.academic circles of China.That graduate student at his lifes full flowering That graduat

19、e student at his lifes full flowering was eager to learn, worked diligently and was eager to learn, worked diligently and untiringly for 3 years, and finally he had his untiringly for 3 years, and finally he had his thesis published.thesis published.Translators CompetenceShe is a cat. sandwich mansa

20、ndwich man身前身后挂着广告或标语牌的广告宣传员身前身后挂着广告或标语牌的广告宣传员她是个心地恶毒的女人。她是个心地恶毒的女人。/她是个爱说别人坏话她是个爱说别人坏话的女人。的女人。/他是个胆小鬼。他是个胆小鬼。Translators CompetenceThe peasant uprisings The peasant uprisings in the history of Chinain the history of ChinaThe enemy killed one The enemy killed one of our soldiers and we of our soldiers and we killed an enemy agent.killed an enemy agent.农民起义农民起义敌人杀害了我们敌人杀害了我们的一名战士，我的一名战士，我们宰了一个敌特。们宰了一个敌特。Translators CompetenceLiteral tr