月大学英语四级试题 阅读理解 及注释

1、2004年1月大学英语四级阅读理解2004年1月大学英语四级阅读理解第1篇Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:Im usually fairly skeptical about any research that concludes that people are either happier or unhappier or more or less certain of themselves than they were 50 years ago. While any of these statements might

2、be true, they are practically impossible to prove scientifically. Still, I was struck by a report which concluded that todays children are significantly more anxious than children in the 1950s. In fact, the analysis showed, normal children age 9 to 17 exhibit a higher level of anxiety today than chi

3、ldren who were treated for mental illness 50 years ago. Why are Americas kids so stressed? The report cites two main causes: increasing physical isolation brought on by high divorce rates and less involvement in community, among other things and a growing perception that the world is a more dangerou

4、s place. Given that we cant turn the clock back, adults can still do plenty to help the next generation cope. At the top of the list is nurturing (培育) a better appreciation of the limits of individualism. No child is an island. Strengthening social ties helps build communities and protect individual

5、s against stress. To help kids build stronger connections with others, you can pull the plug on TVs and computers. Your family will thank you later. They will have more time for face to face relationships, ad they will get more sleep. Limit the amount of virtual (虚拟的) violence your children are expo

6、sed to. Its not just video games and movies; children see a lot of murders and crimes on the local news. Keep you expectations for your children reasonable. Many highly successful people never attended Harvard or Yale. Make exercise part of your daily routine. It will help you cope with your own anx

7、ieties and provide a good model for your kids. Sometimes anxiety is unavoidable. But it doesnt have to ruin your life. 21. The author thinks that the conclusions of any research about peoples state of mind are _. A) surprising B) confusingC) illogicalD) questionable22. What does the author means whe

8、n he says, “we cant turn the clock back” (Line 1, Para. 3)?A) Its impossible to slow down the pace of change. B) The social reality children are facing cannot be changed. C) Lessons learned from the past should not be forgotten. D) Its impossible to forget the past. 23. According to an analysis, com

9、pared with normal children today, children treated as mentally ill 50 years ago _. A) were less isolated physicallyB) were probably less self-centeredC) probably suffered less from anxiety D) were considered less individualistic24. The first and most important thing parents should do to help their c

10、hildren is _. A) to provide them with a safer environment B) to lower their expectations for them C) to get them more involved socially D) to set a good model for them to follow 25. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage? A) Anxiety, though unavoidable, can be coped with. B) Childrens anxiety

11、 has been enormously exaggerated. C) Childrens anxiety can be eliminated with more parental care. D) Anxiety, if properly controlled, may help children become mature. 2004年1月大学英语四级阅读理解第1篇【参考译文】我经常怀疑任何研究的结论说人们比50年前更快乐或更不快乐和更相信自己或更不相信自己。即使这些研究结论是正确的，也无法得到科学的验证。同时我对一份报告感到很震惊，其中提到今天的孩子比50年代的孩子有明显的焦虑感。实际

12、上，有分析表明，现在9到11岁的正常孩子表现出的焦虑程度比50年前接受精神病治疗的孩子还要高。为什么美国的孩子们如此焦虑呢？报告中引证了两个原因：由于较高的离婚率和较少的参与社会和其它事情而造成的与世隔绝；还有对世界是一个更加危险的环境的认知。尽管我们不能使时钟逆转，成年人还是可以为下一代做许多事情的。首先要培养孩子们更好地领会个人主义的局限性。任何一个孩子都不是一座与世隔绝的孤岛。加强社会联系能帮助他们更多地参与社交活动，使他们免受压力的困扰。帮助孩子们与他人建立更多的联系。你可以毁掉电视和计算机，不久之后你的家庭会感谢你的。他们可以有更多的时间建立一种面对面的关系并且睡得更香。限制你的孩子

13、们接触到一些虚拟的暴力。不仅录像和电影中有暴力场面，孩子们也从当地的报纸上读到了大量关于谋杀和犯罪的消息。对你的孩子要有合理的期望。很多功成名就的人士也从未上过哈佛或耶鲁。使锻炼成为你日常生活的一部分。这可以帮助你很好地解决你的焦虑并且为你的孩子提供一种好的榜样。有时候焦虑是不可避免的，但它还不至于会毁了你的生活。21. 作者认为，关于人们精神状态的任何研究结论是 _。 A)令人吃惊的B)迷惑的C)不合逻辑的D)质疑的22. 作者说“我们不能使时钟逆转”（第3段第1行）是什么意思？ A)不能减缓变化的速度。B)孩子们面对的社会现状是不能改变的。C)过去的教训不能遗忘。D)不可能忘记过去。23.

14、 根据分析，与今天正常的孩子相比，50年前接受精神病治疗的孩子 _。 A)更少与世隔绝B)也许更少以自我为中心C)也许遭遇的焦虑更少D)被认为具有更少的个人主义24. 为帮助孩子们，父母首要该做的是 _。 A)给孩子们提供一个更加安全的环境B)降低对孩子们的期望C)让孩子们更多的参与社会D)为孩子们树立一个学习的好榜样25. 我们可以从文章中得出什么结论？A)焦虑，尽管不可避免，但能够被恰当处理。B)孩子们的焦虑被极度夸大了。C)如果有更多的父母关爱，孩子们的焦虑可以被消除。D)如果恰当的控制焦虑，可以帮助孩子们变得成熟。【答案】2122232425DBCCA【注释】本文属于果因分析性的文章，

15、即“提出问题分析问题解决问题”型。中心议题是孩子的焦虑(anxious)问题，作者开篇以一个研究的结果导出中心：对比50年前，现在的孩子比以前更感到有压力和焦虑。第2自然段分析造成孩子感到焦虑的原因，第3自然段至第8自然段阐述解决方法：父母应该如何帮助孩子减少压力和焦虑。【答案解析】21. (D)。本题考点出自第1自然段第1句。“Im usually fairly skeptical about any research that concludes that”其中，“skeptical”的意思是“怀疑的，有疑问的”，也就是“questionable有问题的”的意思。22. (B)。本题考点出

16、自第3自然段。根据上下文，“we cant turn the clock back”意思是“我们无法把时针反调回去”，也就是说，目前孩子有焦虑的这个现实已经无法改变了。23. (C)。本题考点出自第1自然段。“In fact, , normal children age 9 to 17 exhibit a higher level of anxiety today than children who were treated for mental illness 50 years age.对比50年前的有精神病的孩子，正常的孩子比他们更忧虑。”反过来说，有精神病的孩子比正常的孩子遭受的忧虑少。

17、24. (C)。本题考点出自第4、5自然段。第4自然段“At the top of the list is nurturing a better appreciation of individualism.父母首先要做的是让孩子更好地、更多地与人交往、沟通。”第5自然段“stronger connections with others与他人更多地接触”，也就是，父母首先要做的是让孩子更多地融入到社会当中。25. (A)。综合全文，作者开篇提出问题现在的孩子比以前的孩子更加忧虑，接着分析原因，最后阐述解决的方法父母可以帮助孩子减少压力和忧虑。所以根据文章我们可以得到“虽然忧虑是不可避免的，但可以

18、通过各种方式来解决、对付。”【难句分析】1. 【句型分析】Im usually fairly skeptical about any research that（that引导限制性定语从句，修饰前面的research）concludes that（that引导conclude的宾语从句）people are either happier or（连词or连接happier和unhappier，表示选择）unhappier or（连词or连接happier or unhappier和more or less certain，与前面的either构成搭配，表示选择）more or（连词or连接mor

19、e和less，表示选择）less certain of themselves than they were 50 years ago.【参考译文】我经常怀疑任何研究的结论说人们比50年前更快乐或更不快乐和更相信自己或更不相信自己。（注意连词or的用法以及that的用法。）2. 【句型分析】Still, I was struck by a report which（which引导限制性定语从句，修饰前面的report）concluded that （that引导conclude的宾语从句）todays children are significantly more anxious than ch

20、ildren in the 1950s.【参考译文】同时我对一份报告感到很震惊，其中提到今天的孩子比50年代的孩子有明显的焦虑感。（注意定语从句的用法和翻译以及that引导的宾语从句的用法。）3. 【句型分析】The report cites two main causes: increasing physical isolation （破折号引出插入语）brought on by high divorce rates and（连词and连接high divorce rates和less involvement）less involvement in community, among othe

21、r things and a growing perception that（that引导 perception的同位语从句）the world is a more dangerous place.【参考译文】报告中引证了两个原因：由于较高的离婚率和较少的参与社会和其它事情而造成的与世隔绝；还有对世界是一个更加危险的环境的认知。（注意冒号的用法，表示一般特殊型，并注意同位从句的识别和翻译。）2004年1月大学英语四级阅读理解第2篇Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:It is easier to negotiate ini

22、tial salary requirement because once you are inside, the organizational constraints (约束) influence wage increases. One thing, however, is certain: your chances of getting the raise you feel you deserve are less if you dont at least ask for it. Men tend to ask for more, and they get more, and this ho

23、lds true with other resources, not just pay increases. Consider Beths story:I did not get what I wanted when I did not ask for it. we had cubicle (小隔间) offices and window offices. I sat in the cubicle with several male colleagues. One by one they were moved into window offices, while I remained in t

24、he cubicles, several males who were hired after me also went to offices. One in particular told me he was next in line for an office and that it had been part of his negotiations for the job. I uses they thought me content to stay in the cubicles since I did not voice my opinion either way. It would

25、 be nice if we all received automatic pay increases equal to our merit, but “nice” isnt a quality attributed to most organizations. If you feel you deserve a significant raise in pay, youll probably have to ask for it. Performance is your best bargaining chip (筹码) when you are seeking a raise. You m

26、ust be able to demonstrate that you deserve a raise. Timing is also a good bargaining chip. If you can give your boss something he or she needs (a new client or a sizable contract, for example) just before merit pay decisions are being made, you are more likely to get the raise you want. Use informa

27、tion as a bargaining chip too. Find out what you are worth on the open market. What will someone else pay for your services?Go into the negotiations prepared to place your chips on the table at the appropriate time and prepared to use communication style to guide the direction of the interaction. 26

28、. According to the passage, before taking a job, a person should _. A) demonstrate his capabilityB) give his boss a god impressionC) ask for as much money as he canD) ask for the salary he hopes to get27. What can be inferred from Beths story?A) Prejudice against women still exists in some organizat

29、ions. B) If people want what they deserve, they have to ask for it. C) People should not be content with what they have got. D) People should be careful when negotiating for a job. 28. We can learn from the passage that _. A) unfairness exists in salary increasesB) most people are overworked and und

30、erpaidC) one should avoid overstating ones performance D) most organizations give their staff automatic pay raises 29. To get a pay raise, a person should _. A) advertise himself on the job marketB) persuade his boss to sign a long-term contractC) try to get inside information about the organization

31、D) do something to impress his boss just before merit pay decisions30. To be successful in negotiations, one must _. A) meet his boss at the appropriate time B) arrive at the negotiation table punctually C) be good at influencing the outcome of the interaction D) be familiar with what the boss likes

32、 and dislikes2004年1月大学英语四级真题第2篇注释【参考译文】在进入一家公司之前就谈妥你的工资要求要容易些，原因是你一旦工作了，公司组织的约束会影响你的加薪。然而有一点是确定的：如果你不主动要求，那么你觉得你有资格加薪的机会实际要少得多。人们主动要求想得到更多就会得到更多。这一点对于其它回报也同样适用，而并不只针对加薪。让我们看一下Beth的例子。我没有主动要求就得不到我想要的。公司有小隔间的办公间和单个带窗户的办公室。我和很多男同事一起做在小隔间里。当我还留在小隔间时，他们一个接一个甚至比我晚到公司的都搬入了单间的办公室。他们其中一个告诉我，他在谈工作的时候就主动要求有一个办

33、公室。既然我没有用任何方式表达我的想法，我就像他们认为的一样满足于呆在小隔间。如果能够根据表现好而主动加薪那就好了，但多数公司没有这样的好心。如果你觉得你的表现应得到加薪，就要主动提出来。表现业绩是你要求加薪的最好筹码。你必须表现出你值得加薪。同样时间也是一个好筹码。在公司要根据雇员业绩做出加薪的决定之前，你如果能给老板他想要的某个东西譬如说一个新客户或是一个数额可观的合同，你就更有可能得到你想要的加薪。信息也可以作为一种筹码。在开放的市场中找出你的价值。别人将为你的服务提供什么样的回报？与老板进行谈判要准备好在适当时机把筹码放在谈判桌上，运用一定的交流方法引导谈判的发展方向。26. 根据文章

34、，一个人得到工作之前首先应该 _。 A)展示他的能力B)给他的老板一个好印象C)尽可能索要更多的钱D)要求他希望得到的薪水27. 我们可以从Bath的例子得出什么结论？A)对女性的偏见在一些公司中仍然存在。B)人们想得到什么就要主动要求。C)人们不应满足于已有的一切。D)人们商谈一项工作时应仔细。28. 我们可以从文章推理出 _。 A)加薪中存在不公正B)多数人工作过度劳累而报酬甚少C)不应夸大自己的表现D)多数公司自动给员工加薪29. 为了得到加薪，应该 _。 A)在劳务市场自我推销B)劝说老板签一份长期合同C)设法获得有关公司的内部情报D)在根据业务做出加薪决定之前做些事加深老板对你的印象

35、30. 为了在谈判中成功，应该 _。 A)在恰当的时间与老板见面B)准时到谈判桌C)擅长影响谈判的结果D)熟悉老板的好恶【答案】2627282930DBADC【注释】本文属于一般阐述性的文章。中心议题是提薪（wages increases），作者借Beth的经历说明想要加薪或升职，就应该明确地提出要求。作者开篇提出中心wages increases，接着第2自然段以Beth的经历说明中心。第3自然段阐述自动提薪。第4、5、6自然段阐述如果你要求提薪或升职，就应该做好可以被加薪的准备。【答案解析】26. (D)。本题考点出自第1自然段。“It is easier to negotiable sa

36、lary requirement在工作之前应该对自己期望的薪金提出要求。”27. (B)。本题考点出自第2、3自然段。第2自然段阐述了Beth 要求提薪的经历，他没有说出自己的要求。而第3自然段针对Beth 的例子说明了“想要加薪或升职，就应该明确地提出要求。”即原文中的“youll probably have to ask for it.你应该提出要求。”28. (A)。本题考点出自第2、3自然段。根据第2自然段的具体阐述以及第3自然段的“It would be nice if we all received automatic pay increases equal to our meri

37、t。如果我们都能得到等同于我们的价值的自动提薪，那当然是好事。”作者使用了虚拟语气，暗示了只有我们自己要求提薪，老板是不会主动给你提薪的，也就是“在提薪方面存在着不公平的现象”。29. (D)。本题考点出自第4自然段。本段阐述了如果你要求提薪或升职，就应该做好准备，也就是“Performance is your best bargaining chip when you are seeking a raise.好的表现是你要求提薪或晋升的最好的谈判砝码。”所以要求提薪或升职，就应该“在你的价值被认定以前做一些让老板印象深刻的事情”。30. (C)。本题考点出自第6自然段。“place your

38、 chips on the table at the appropriate time and prepared to use communication style to guide the direction of the interaction.在适当是时间把你的砝码摆出来，而且准备好运用交流方式去引导互动谈话的方向，（使得其往你所期待的结果发展。）”所以，要想谈判成功，必须很好地影响（谈话）互动的结果。【难句分析】1. 【句型分析】One by one they were moved into window offices, while（表示前后的对比，比较）I remained in

39、 the cubicles, several males who（who引导限制性定语从句，修饰前面的several males）were hired after me also went to offices.【参考译文】当我还留在小隔间时，他们一个接一个甚至比我晚到公司的都搬入了单间的办公室。他们其中一个告诉我，他在谈工作的时候就主动要求有一个办公室。（对比和比较是英语中作者常常使用的写作方法，在理解时需要注意作者对比的目的是为了强调哪一个方面，对比的目的是为了说明什么问题。）2. 【句型分析】If（if引导条件状语从句）you can give your boss something（省

40、略了that，引导限制性定语从句，修饰前面的something）he or she needs (a new client or a sizable contract, for example) just before（before引导时间状语从句）merit pay decisions are being made, you are more likely to get the raise（省略了that，引导限制性定语从句，修饰前面的raise）you want.【参考译文】在公司要根据雇员业绩做出加薪的决定之前，你如果能给老板他想要的某个东西譬如说一个新客户或是一个数额可观的合同，你就更

41、有可能得到你想要的加薪。（注意省略了that的定语从句的识别和翻译方法。）3. 【句型分析】Go into the negotiations prepared（过去分词作后置定语，修饰前面的negotiations）to place your chips on the table at the appropriate time and（连词and连接prepared和prepared）prepared to use communication style to guide the direction of the interaction.【参考译文】与老板进行谈判要准备好在适当时机把筹码放在谈

42、判桌上，运用一定的交流方法引导谈判的发展方向。（注意分词作后置定语的用法和翻译。）2004年1月大学英语四级阅读理解第3篇Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:When families gather for Christmas dinner, some will stick to formal traditions dating back to Grandmas generation. Their tables will be set with the good dishes and silver, and the dre

43、ss code will be Sunday best. But in many other homes, this china-and-silver elegance has given way to a stoneware (粗陶)-and-stainless informality, with dresses assuming an equally casual-Friday look. For hosts and guests, the change means greater simplicity and comfort. For makers of fine china in Br

44、itain, it spells economic hard times Last week Royal Doulton, the largest employer in Stoke-on-Trent, announced that it is eliminating 1,000 jobs one-fifth of its total workforce. That brings to more than 4,000 the number of positions lost in 18 months in the pottery (陶瓷) region. Wedgwood and other

45、pottery factories made cuts earlier. Although a strong pound and weak markets in Asia play a role in the downsizing, the layoffs in Stoke have their roots in earthshaking social shifts. A spokesman for Royal Doulton admitted that the company “has been somewhat slow in catching up with the trend” tow

46、ard casual dining. Families eat together less often, he explained, and more people eat alone, either because they are single or they eat in front of television. Even dinner parties, if they happen at all, have gone casual. In a time of long work hours and demanding family schedules, busy hosts insis

47、t, rightly, that its better to share a takeout pizza on paper plates in the family room than to wait for the perfect moment or a “real” dinner party. Too often, the perfect moment never comes. Iron a fine patterned tablecloth? Forget it. Polish the silver? Who has time? Yet the loss of formality has

48、 its down side. The fine points of etiquette (礼节) that children might once have learned at the table by observation or instruction from parents and grandparents (“Chew with your mouth closed.” “Keep your elbows off the table.”) must be picked up elsewhere. Some companies now offer etiquette seminars

49、 for employees who may be competent professionally but clueless socially. 31. The trend toward casual dining has resulted in _. A) bankruptcy of fine china manufacturersB) shrinking of the pottery industryC) restructuring of large enterprises D) economic recession in Great Britain 32. Which of the f

50、ollowing may be the best reason for casual dining?A) Family members need more time to relax. B) Busy schedules leave people no time for formality. C) People want to practice economy in times of scarcity. D) Young people wont follow the etiquette of the older generation. 33. It can be learned from th

51、e passage that Royal Doulton is _. A) a retailer of stainless steel tableware B) a dealer in stonewareC) a pottery chain storeD) a producer of fine china34. The main cause of the layoffs in the pottery industry is _. A) the increased value of the poundB) the economic recession in AsiaC) the change i

52、n peoples way of lifeD) the fierce competition at home and abroad35. Refined table manners, though less popular than before in current social life _. A) are still a must on certain occasions B) are bound to return sooner or laterC) are still being taught by parents at home D) can help improve person

53、al relationships2004年1月大学英语四级阅读理解第3篇注释【参考译文】圣诞晚餐时家人聚在一起，一些家庭依然保持源于祖母那一代的传统。他们用上好的器皿和银器布置餐桌，穿上节日里最好的礼服。但是在很多家庭，优雅的瓷器和银器已被粗陶和无瑕疵的非正式器皿所取代，衣服也穿得很随意。这种变化对于主人和客人来说都意味着简单和舒服。对于英国的精瓷器制造商来说，它意味着经济困难时期的到来。上星期，Royal Doulton, 特伦河畔斯托克城的最大工厂，宣布将取消1,000个职位占整个工厂职位总数的五分之一，从而使得陶瓷行业在18个月中总共损失了4,000多个职位。韦吉渥陶和其它制陶业之前也受

54、到影响解雇了一些雇员。尽管英镑坚挺，亚洲市场低迷是带来工厂裁员的主要原因，但裁员的根本原因是由于社会发生了惊天动地的变化。Royal Doulton的一个发言人承认公司对于平常的用餐“已经有点赶不上这种变化的趋势。”他解释说，家人很少聚在一起吃饭，更多的人是单独吃饭。这是因为独身或喜欢在电视机前吃东西。现在即使是有宴会也变得不那么正式了。如今，人们工作时间长，家庭日程安排得很紧凑。很自然，忙碌的主人会让客人们一起吃用纸盘装的外买比萨饼，而不是等待一个决佳的机会或举办一个“真正”的宴会。经常都不会有决佳的机会。熨平一块精美的桌布？忘了它吧！擦亮银器？谁有那个时间呢！但是失去正式的宴会也有其坏处。

55、孩子们以前通过观察和指导从长辈处学的礼节（“咀嚼的时候把嘴巴闭上。” “不要把手肘放在桌上。” ）必须重新学习。现在一些公司也为专业优秀但缺乏社交礼仪的员工提供礼节课程。31. 随意宴会的趋势造成 _。 A)精瓷器制造业的破产B)陶瓷工业的萎缩C)大企业的结构调整D)英国的经济衰退32. 下面那一项可能是形成非正式宴会最主要的原因？ A)家庭成员需要更多的时间消遣。B)繁忙的日程安排使得人们没有时间顾及礼仪。C)人们在匮乏时代想厉行节俭。D)年轻人不愿遵循老一代人的礼节33. 从文中可知，Royal Doulton 是 _。 A)一家精致钢制餐具的零售商B)一家粗陶器商C)一家陶器连锁店D)一

56、家精瓷器制造商34. 陶瓷行业解雇员工的主要原因是 _。 A)英镑的日益升值B)亚洲经济衰退C)人们生活方式的改变D)国内外的激烈竞争35. 优雅的餐桌礼仪，在当今社会尽管不如以前流行 _。 A)在某些场合还是必要的B)注定迟早要回归C)仍然由家中父母传授D)能够帮助改善人际关系【答案】3132333435BBDCA【注释】本文属于记实性的文章。中心议题是由于越来越多的非正式宴会替代了正式的宴会，结果导致了用于正式宴会的陶瓷用品行业生产的萎缩。第1、2自然段作者阐述的是非正式宴会替代了正式的宴会，宴会变得随意了（casual）。第3自然段阐述陶瓷公司裁员，第4自然段阐述这种改变是社会的趋势，第

57、5自然段再次阐述宴会的casual（随意性），第6自然段阐述某些礼节（formality）渐渐地不大被人们所提倡了。【答案解析】31. (B)。本题考点出自第2、3自然段。第2自然段作者阐述了非正式宴会取代了正式宴会，第3自然段阐述由于用于正式宴会的用品数量的减少，陶瓷公司不得不裁员。可见两段之间是因果关系。所以非正式宴会出现的趋势导致了“陶瓷业的萎缩”。32. (B)。本题考点出自第1、2自然段。“For hosts and guests, the change means greater simplicity and comfort.对于主人和客人，这种改变意味着更加朴实和舒适。”暗示了以前他们的时间很紧，没有更多的时间去在意礼节。所以导致非正式宴会的出现的原因是“紧张的时间安排计划让人们没有多余的时间去在意礼节。”33. (D)。本题考点出自第3自然段。根据上下文，上文提到由于用于正式宴会的用品数量的减少了，下文提到公司裁员，可以推理得出Royal Doulton是陶瓷制造商。34. (C)。本题考点出自