Second Child Policy二孩政策与生育意愿变迁

1、Intergenerational Relation - Transformation of the Opinion of Reproduction Student No.：Name：Intergenerational RelationIntergenerational Relation in Contemporary ChinaTransformation of the Opinion of Reproduction 4123ContentSecond Child PolicyBlood RelativeModern FamilyIntergenerational RelationSince

2、 the beginning of the family, connections between generations have been one of the most important social bonds in all societies. For centuries, in most cultures, the family was defined by blood relatives and their several conjugal units of husband/wife/children. Over time, norms and patterns have ev

3、olved in various cultures for intergenerational living arrangements, obligations, support, inheritance, and relationships.Today, in addition to the traditional conjugal unit, families exist in many different forms such as single parent, grandparent-grandchild, childless, same-sex couples and step an

4、d blended families. Families differ also in their housing and living patterns. These changes call for new definitions and new ways to work out satisfying and workable intergenerational bonds. This issue includes an array of excellent articles that explore relationships between the generations in tod

5、ays families.Intergenerational Relation in Contemporary China 1- keep close relationship, prefer living separately, but living in same city / community. ShanghaiLive TogetherLive AlongNeighbourYoung Generation75.4%Parents53.4%16%ShenzhenParents10%40%50%GuangzhouParents80%Intergenerational Relation i

6、n Contemporary China 1Old parents are independent in economic condition, two generation exchange economic support Old parents need more spirit consolation and caring, as their rational economic condition Less concern on old parents, but more focus on young generation, as the only child policyInterge

7、nerational Relation in Contemporary China 2No more Patriarchy, more like friends and less interfere -boomerang children, caring become a activity with particular purpose - Use legal tools to solve problemSecond Child PolicyForecastActualEarly of 2014, second child policy launched in succession. Expe

8、rt estimated would be 200 million extra birth rateThis policy has opened for 1 year, actual birth rate was of forecastTransformation of the Opinion of Reproduction -Hubei Province: 17240 families applied for 2nd child, is 4.65% of the total amount. In 10030 samples, 21.5% sated plainly for willing t

9、o have 2nd child, 59.17% stated plainly for NOT willing to have, and 19.32% are still hesitating. (from Hubei Health and Family Planning Commission) - Another research conducted by China Youth Daily: in 2052 effective samples, 24.9% has applied. Worthy noting that, 56.8% of 80s and 90s interviewees

10、stated they would not have child or only one child.Transformation of the Opinion of Reproduction High Economic Cost58%One Child is Good Enough32%03.Application Process is complicated23%Career Development28%04.High Time Cost36%02.01.05.Reason of Hesitation-Multiple Choice(from China Youth Daily)Trans

11、formation of the Opinion of Reproduction Mini Research Total :6 (Native Cantonese)70s : 380s : 290s : 1Above the Average of Guangzhou incomeEducation: Diploma aboveOccupation: - Government Officer : 2 - Professional in MNC: 4 Transformation of the Opinion of Reproduction Mini Research 33%Yes, will h

12、ave 2 children33%Hesitating and considering33%No. Only 1 child is enough High Time Cost66%Opinion is changed, one-child family is also have its positive side33%03.High Economic Cost33%Career Development50%04.Short Handed in Taking Care of Baby66%02.01.05.Transformation of the Opinion of Reproduction

13、 Mini Research Reason of Hesitation-Multiple Choice(Collected by student)Transformation of the Opinion of Reproduction Mini Research High Time CostParents of new generation are more concerned on quality, they would like to put more time in education personally, that would have a closer parent-kid re

14、lationship. Short Handed83% of interviewees are asking their parents in helping taking care of their child. Grandparents are getting older, could not help in taking care of new born baby, as a result of filial piety, young mother prefer let grandparents to do sth they want to do.Opinion is changedAs

15、 family endowment function is weaken, “raising up children can support our economy and health-care in old age” is no longer exist.Career DevelopmentGirl power is more and more important in nowadays, young mothers would also concern on the break of their career.High Economy CostExcept the basic expen

16、se of raising up a child, young parents would spend more on additional items, such as travelling, off-campus education, clothing etc. They dont want to be child slaves any more.Transformation of the Opinion of Reproduction Mini Research Interesting Findings From those who would like to have 2nd chil

17、dCareer DevelopmentThe two families stated firmly would like to have 2nd child, all work for government, like government officer or teacher.Economy CostThey earned obviously less than other families in these samples.Opinion is changedThey are also not count on their children can take care of them ba

18、ck when they got old, they just want the children grow up with brothers and sisters, not alone.Transformation of the Opinion of Reproduction ConclusionIn modern society, intergenerational relation is changing:1.Under globalization and high mobility, parents will not count on children to live and take care of them.2. People has retired fund and medical insurance, they dont need to prevent their old age by raising up many children.3.As a result of girl power raising, they could decide to give birth or not.4. A