必修三Module12知识点教师版

1、单元知识梳理Module1重点词汇及拓展 1 prep.横过；穿过 2 vt.面向；面对3 n山脉 4 n象征；符号5 n特点6 adj.坐落(某处)的；位于(某处)的 n情境7 adj.位于 n位置8 n建筑师 n建筑学9 n文明 vt. 使文明 adj.文明的；国家的10 adj.古代的 adj.现代的11 prep.在对面 vt.反对12 vt.签署 n签名13 n协议；契约 n分歧14 vt.统治；治理 n政府15 n代表 vt.代表重点短语 1because 因为；由于 2be known 作为而出名/闻名3ever 自从一直 4 the coast 离海岸不远(的海上) 5have

2、. common (with.) 与有共同点6in of 据；依照 7 the other hand 另一方面；反过来说8little little 一点点地；逐渐地 9belong 属于经典句式1完全倒装句 Between France and Spain is another mountain rangethe Pyrenees. 2ever since自从以来 Their work has influenced other writers ever since .3倍数as.as The expanded European Union has a population of more t

3、han half a billion people， twice as big as the population of the United States. Module2重点词汇及拓展 1_ n收入 2_ vt.测定；测量；评估3_n目标 4_ n位置5_n数字 6_ n交换7_ n饥饿_ adj.饥饿的 8_ n贫穷_ adj.贫穷的9_ n发展_ v发展_ adj.发展中的_ adj.发达的10_ vt.教育；培养；训练_n教育11_ adj.拥挤的_ n人群 vt.围拢12_n类似；相似_adj.相似的_ adv.相似地13_ adj.不幸的；遗憾的_ adj.幸运的_ n运气；财富

4、14_ adj.受到污染的_ vt.污染_ n污染15_ n娱乐_ vt.使娱乐；款待重点短语 1up _达到；直到；到为止 2_ progress 取得进步3_ the top of 在顶端4_ the bottom of 在底部5make _努力6be connected _与有联系；与有关7make comparisons _对进行比较8be close _接近；靠近9increase._ (以幅度)增加经典句式1完全倒装From this agreement came the Human Development Report. 2while表示对比转折，意思是：然而Norway is

5、at the top of the list，while the US is at number 7 3because引导表语从句This is because living with a foreign family for one or two weeks means that you have to speak their language，and as a result you improve fast. 一、重点单词 1. face vt. 面向；面对 n.面孔 Your face is firm and young-looking.(2012·高考，阅读E) 你

6、的面孔细腻紧致，看起来很年轻。归纳拓展 (1)_面对着face the music由于自己的决定或行动而接受批评、承担后果等(2)_面对面save/lose face 挽回/丢面子 make a face 做鬼脸【链接训练】The building_the big river is likely to be destroyed by the flood. 面向着大河的这座大楼有可能被洪水冲毁。His ambition was to meet his favourite pop star _他一心向往的是要面对面地见见他最喜欢的流行歌星。注意：(1)be faced withbe confron

7、ted with，侧重指“面对着”这种状态，而face sb/sth侧重动作；(2)facetoface与face to face的区别在于：前者通常只能作前置定语，后者可以作状语或表语。2.opposite prep.在对面/对过n. 对立面；对立物adj.相对的，对立的，对面的adv.在对面，在对过I had mistakenly boarded a bus that was taking me in the opposite direction. (2012·高考，完形) 我错上了开往相反方向的公交车。归纳拓展 be opposite(to)sb/sth_ just the o

8、pposite_ The man sitting _looked very familiar. 坐在我们对面的人看上去很面熟。The library is on the opposite side of the road from our school.图书馆在学校门前的马路对面。 3.position n.地点，位置，所在地；姿势，姿态；地位；位次；立场，处境；职位 The UK is in the thirteenth ,while China is in the middle of the list. 英国处于第十三的位置，而中国则在名单的中间。 (回归课本P12)观察思考 Where

9、would be the best position of the lights?这些灯在什么位置最好？ The chairs are all out of position. 椅子全都放得不是地方。 She got a position as an interpreter in the company.她获得了在那家公司当翻译的工作。归纳拓展out of/in position不在/在适当位置get a position获得某职位take up a position 占据位置；就位in a good position情况好hold a position 担任职务shift ones posi

10、tion改变立场【链接训练】Sales director is a position _ communication ability is just as important as sales. (2012·重庆卷，29) Awhich Bthat Cwhen Dwhere 答案D 4. across prep. & adv.横过；穿过；横跨；横穿；从一边到另一边；在对面He also had to fight his way across deserts, through jungles and over mountains. (2012 · 上海卷，阅读A) 他

11、也不得不跨过沙漠，穿过丛林，翻山越岭地去寻找他的路。【轻巧辨析】 across/through/over/past (1)across表示动作是在某一物体的表面进行的。 (2)through则表示动作是在某一空间内部进行的。 (3)over指从上方跨越而过。 (4)past指从某物旁边经过。 【链接训练】The Great Wall winds its way from west to east，_the deserts，_ the mountains，_ the valleys，till at last it reaches the sea. 长城从西向东，跨过沙漠，越过高山，穿过深谷，蜿蜒

12、而行，最后直达海边。Do you think this shirt is too tight_the shoulders？ (2012·北京卷，34) Aat Bon Cto Dacross 答案D 5.measure v测定；测量；评估；考虑n.尺寸；大小；度量单位；措施Each of his ears measured approximately 11.5 inches long. (2012·浙江卷，阅读B) 经测量，他的耳朵每个都大约有11.5英寸长。归纳拓展 (1)make clothes _ one's measure为某人量体裁衣(2)take mea

13、sures(to do sth)_ adopt/take measures (to do sth.)采取措施(做某事）measure the length/width/height of.测量的长/宽/高注意：(1)measure表示“措施”时，常用其复数形式measures。(2)measure表示“测定；测量；评估”时，是及物动词，后直接加名词作宾语。(3)measure表示“量；有长(宽、高)等”时，是不及物动词，后跟量的结果，不用被动语态及进行时态。作定语和状语时，要用现在分词形式。【链接训练】I would rather have my clothes made _than buy

14、those which are readymade. 我宁愿让人根据我自己的尺寸定制衣服也不愿意买现成的。The bridge _as long as 200 metres needs repairing. 长达200米的那座桥需要修理了。The cloth easily if on a table.A. measures; spreading B. measures; spread C. will be measured; spread D. has been measured; spread 解析 由句子的意思“如果把布铺到桌子上，就容易测量了。”知measure应为不及物动词，而spre

15、ad为及物动词,且过去式、过去分词和原形一致，和cloth构成被动关系。B欣赏满分作文之佳句 aThere are five measures that need to be taken before you can get the most out of a team. (2011·浙江卷) bIt's necessary to take some measures to solve the problem between you and your mother. (陕西卷) cWhat we should do is that we must take action to

16、 solve the problems. (安徽卷) dThis is one of many steps we are taking to make our country an even cleaner place. (安徽卷) 二、重点短语1.in terms of 据；依照；就来说；从角度 This increase in the number of adolescents might be a contributing factor to the increase in adolescent peer culture in terms of growth in size.(2012&

17、#183;上海卷，Section D) 就青少年一代文化的发展规模来说，青少年人口的增长也许是一个推动因素。In terms of money，I was better off in my last job. 就挣钱而言，我上一份工作挣得更多。 He is talking in terms of starting a completely new career.他正在谈论开创全新的事业。归纳拓展 in the long/short term长/短期be _ good/friendly/bad，etc，terms(with sb) (与某人)关系好/密切/不好等_(与某人)达成协议；妥协【链接训

18、练】_，the plan is practical. 从长远来看，这个计划是切实可行的。We _our neighbours. 我们与邻居和睦相处。Shylock thinks of everything _ money. Ain view of Bin terms of Cin term of Din views of 解析：句意：“Shylock从钱的角度考虑一切。”考查习语in terms of.“从角度”，“就而论”。 答案：B2. up to达到；直到；到为止；高达(程度)；由决定；忙于 make sure that all children have education the a

19、ge of 11 确保所有的孩子都能接受教育一直到11岁(回归课本P12) 观察思考 The tent can hold up to ten men. 这个帐篷可以睡10个人。 My German isnt up to translating that letter.我的德语达不到能翻译那封信的程度。 What in the world are you up to? Stop it at once.你到底在搞什么鬼？还不快住手。归纳拓展up to是介词短语，用于表示地点、数量、程度、时间等的词前。be up to打算做/正做(某种不好的事)be up to sth.从事于；胜任Its up t

20、o sb.to do.应由某人做Its up to you.由你来决定。【链接训练】 (1)This kind of car can travel (速度达每小时200公里).(2)I have never heard from her (直到现在).(3)As for the job, （他胜任这份工作）.(4)What (你在忙什么)？3.make an effort努力 The report shows that we are making some progress but that we need to . 这个报告表明我们正在取得一些进步，但是我 们需要做出更大的努力。 (回归课本

21、P12) 观察思考The local clubs are making every effort to interest more young people.地方俱乐部正在尽一切努力来吸引更多的年轻人。We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.我们应该不遗余力地美化我们的环境。Every effort is being made to deal with the issues you raised at the last meeting.正在尽一切努力处理你在上次会议上提出的问题。归纳拓展put effort into在上努力t

22、hrough ones effort通过某人的努力make every effort尽一切努力spare no effort不遗余力make an effort to do/at sth.尽力做某事注意： effort作“努力”讲时，为不可数名词；作“费力的事情,花精力的事情”讲时是可数名词。They have put a lot of effort into their garden this summer.这个夏天，他们对他们的花园倾注了不少心血。It was a real effort to stay awake in the lecture.在讲座过程中不打瞌睡，真得费很大的劲。【链接

23、训练】 (1)I would no effort to fill it to your satisfaction. A. spare B. spend C. have D. tend 解析 spare no effort 不遗余力,是固定搭配。(2)Great efforts must be to improve the living conditions here. A. taken B. made C. put D. through 解析 考查固定搭配make efforts to do.。三、重点句型1.Between France and Spain is another mounta

24、in rangethe Pyrenees.法国和西班牙之间是另一座山脉，即比利牛斯山脉。当地点状语放在句首时，所引导的句子应用完全倒装，即“地点状语+谓语+主语+其他”。 On her left sat her husband.她左边坐着她丈夫。 Beyond the river lives an old fisherman.有个老渔夫住在河的对岸。【知识整合】 所谓完全倒装，就是将谓语动词置于主语前。完全倒装一般具有以下两个条件：(1)谓语动词是单个(即不带情态动词、助动词或be动词)的不及物动词，且只限于一般现在时或一般过去时；(2)主语只能是名词。完全倒装一般有以下四种情况： 以here

25、等副词开头引出的完全倒装。 在描述情景时，为了使景象更生动，有时把here，there，now，then，out，in，up，down，off，away等方向性副词位于句子开头时,句子用完全倒装。Here comes the bus.汽车来了。 There goes the bell.铃响了。 以表语或状语开头引出的完全倒装。 有时为了强调，或者为了使句子平衡,或者为了使上下文连接得更加紧密，就将表语和地点状语(多为介词短语)置于句首,谓语动词也常置于主语前，构成完全倒装。 Among the people was a man named Brown.在这些人中有一个叫布朗的人。On the

26、top of the hill stands an old temple.这个山顶上有一座古老的庙。there be结构及其变体的完全倒装 There is a tall tree in front of the house.这所房子前面有一棵大树。 注意：在there be结构中，可以代替be的还有以下动词：live，lie，stand，appear，rise，remain，happen，come，go等。 Once there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. 从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。 直接引语放在句首引起的完全

27、倒装。 若直接引语的部分或全部放在句首，并且说话人是名词时，将say或ask置于说话人前，构成完全倒装。 “Are you ready？” asked the teacher.“准备好了没有？”老师问道。 “It is unbelievable！” said Alfred Butts.“这真叫人难以置信！”阿尔弗雷德·布滋说道。【链接训练】In the dark forests _，some large enough to hold several English towns. Astand many lakes Blie many lakesCmany lakes lie Dman

28、y lakes stand 解析：这是倒装句，句子的主语是lakes。其语序是“介词短语+谓语 (表语)+主语(名词)”。lie意为“位于”，句意：“在黑暗的树林中有好几个湖泊，有些大的足以容纳好几个英国的城镇”。 答案：BAt the end of the trail ,in which many kinds of pictures used to be published.A. was there a factory B. a factory stoodC. stood a factory D. a factory was there解析 地点状语位于句首且句子的主语是名词,故句子用全部倒

29、装，即C正确。A项改为there was a factory就正确了。2. Italy is in the south of Europe on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea.意大利在欧洲的南端，位于地中海沿岸。表示“某物在哪个方向”可用south/west/north/east等，构成如下几种表达方式： .is in the south of在的南部(在内部) .is on the south of.在的南面/边(强调两者毗邻，接壤) .is to the south of.在的南边(在某一范围以外的地方) Guangdong is in the so

30、uth of China.广东在中国的南部。 Jiangsu is on the south of Shandong.江苏在山东南面。 【温馨提示】 把表示方位、地点的介词或副词短语放在句首，句子用倒装语序。In the south/west/north/east of the city is the house. =South/West/North/East of the city is the house. 那幢房子是在城市的南方(西方、北方、东方)。【链接训练】_ of the Pacific Ocean _ Canada. AThe east；lies BEast；lies CTo t

31、he east；does lie DOn the east；does lie 解析：east of the Pacific Ocean同on the east of the Pacific Ocean，位于句首表示地点，用全部倒装，即lies提到主语Canada前。 答案：B 3.The index has some surprises，Norway is at the top of the list，while the US is at number 7.这项指标显示了一些令人感到意外的情况，挪威高居榜首，而美国却排在第七。while在此句中作并列连词，意为“然而”，表示一种对比关系。(1)

32、while可引导时间状语从句，意为“当时候”。(2)while可引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”，一般放在句首，相当于although。【例1】I wonder how much you charge for your services. The first two are free the third costs $30. （安徽高考） A. while B. until C. when D. before 解析 句意为:我想知道你的服务收费多 少？前两个是免费的,但第三个收费30美元。根据句意,“前两个免费”和“第三个收费30美元”之间是前后对比关系。而until表示“直到时候”;wh

33、en表示“当时候”;before表示“在之前”，均不合题意。单元练习题【例1】 Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for _ building. (2009·湖北，25) Arespect Bfriendship Creputation Dcharacter 【解题方法指导】 本题考查名词词义辨析。respect尊重；方面；friendship友谊；reputation名声；character性格，品格。句意为：独自远足可能是一件有趣的事，也是对健康有好处的事。它还有利于一个人品

34、格的发展。build培养，发展(思想、品格等)。 答案：D【例2】 It was _ he came back from Africa that year _ he met the girl he would like to marry. (2009·江西，27) Awhen；then Bnot；until Cnot until；that Donly；when 【解题方法指导】 此题考查强调句。判断其是否是强调句。方法很简单，去掉It is/was和that，如果句子结构还完整，那么就是强调句；如果句子结构不完整则不是强调句。从题干以及选项的特点可以判断出此题是强调句，强调的是not

35、.until引导的时间状语从句，再根据强调句的特点可以断定此题应该选C。 答案：C【例3】 It is often _ that human beings are naturally equipped to speak. (2009·全国，6) Asaid Bto say Csaying Dbeing said 【解题方法指导】 本题考查固定句式It is said that.，类似的还有It is reported that.，意为“据报道”。句意：经常听人说人类天生有说话的能力。It is said that.为固定句式，意为“据说”。 答案：A1_with a sudden j

36、ob loss，would you consider it a failure，or an opportunity for a new start in your career? AFacing BFaced CTo face DFace 2The post office which is a landmark in our city is just _the street. Aover Bthrough Cacross Dopposite 3The leaders of the company are having a meeting to discuss where the new off

37、ice branch_ Ashould situate Bshould be situated Cshould be lied Dwas located 4In the agreement I saw his name_in larger letters. Awritten Bwriting CSigned Dsigning 5This restaurant has become popular for its wide _of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.(2010·湖北卷) Adivision Barea Crange Dcirc

38、le 答案1.B2.D3.B4.C5.C 【例2】 Hearing the dog barking fiercely，away _.(2009·上海，28) Afleeing the thief Bwas fleeing the thief Cthe thief was fleeing Dfled the thief 【解题方法指导】 考查倒装语序。注意away，in，out，down，up等置于句首时句子应用全部倒装形式。away置于句首时，句子应用全部倒装语序。A项不是完整的句子;B项倒装语序不正确；C项是正常语序，此三项可排除。 答案：D1The present situati

39、on is very complex，so I think it will take me some time to _its reality. (2011·湖北卷，27) Amake up Bfigure out Clook through Dput off 2I havent seen Sara since she was a little girl，and she has changed beyond_ (2010·安徽卷，25) Ahearing Bstrength Crecognition Dmeasure 3The number of the students

40、in the school has increased _10 percent and has got _5，000. Aby；by Bto；by Cby；to Dto；to 4The _you make，the _you will make. Amore efforts；more progress Bgreater progress；greater efforts Cmore efforts；more progresses Dmany more efforts；much progress 5Where and when the meeting is to be held _our headm

41、aster. Adepend on Bis up to Crelies on Ddecides by 答案1.B2.C3.C4.A5.B 3.The tree is so tall. Yes. It nearly 20 metres. A. measures B. is measured C. measure D. to be measured 解析 measure此处意为“测量,量起来”, 为不及物动词，后接量的结果不用于被动语态或进行时态。A4. When I her, I realized that she was not Jane. A. got close with B. got c

42、lose to C. closed to D. was close at 解析 get close to接近，靠近，为习惯搭配 短语。B7. At the top of the mountain ,in which an old monk used to tell stories. A. a temple stood B. was there a temple C. stood a temple D. a temple was there 解析 地点状语前置，句子发生全部倒装。C9.What do you want to do next?We will have half an hour before the basketball game begins. .Whatever you want to do is fine with me. A. It just depends B. Its up to you C. All right D. Glad to hear that 解析 Its up to you.由你决定。It just depends.视情况而定。；All right.好吧！Glad to hear that.听到这种情况