英语简单句五种基本句型ppt课件

1、 1. They work hard. 2. The desk feels hard. 3. Plants need water. 4. He gave me some seeds. 5. We should keep the plants in the shade.1.They work hard. 主主 + 谓谓2.The desk feels hard. 主主 + 系系 + 表表3.Plants need water. 主主 + 谓谓 + 宾宾4.He gave me some seeds. 主主 + 谓谓 + 直宾直宾 + 介宾介宾5.We should keep the plants

2、 in the shade. 主主 + 谓谓 + 宾宾 + 宾补宾补英语句子的根本构造可以归纳成五种根本句型及其扩展、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种根本句型，是掌握各种英语句子构造的根底。英语五种根本句型：1.+ (主谓)2.+ (主系表)3.+ (主谓宾)4.+IO +D(主谓间宾 直宾5.+ + +O(主谓宾 宾补) 根本句型根本句型 一一 +主谓主谓 此句型的句子的谓语动词都能此句型的句子的谓语动词都能表达完好的意思。表达完好的意思。 这类动词叫做不及物动词，后这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。从句等。 （不及物动词）（不及物动词）1

3、. Time 2. The moon 3. The man4. We all 5. Everybody 6. I 7. They 8. He 9.He10.Theyflies. rose. cooked. eat, and drink.laughed. woke. talked for half an hour.walked yesterday.is playing.have gone.练习1鸟在飞翔。2她的宝宝在哭。3太阳正在落山。4谁也没笑。Birds are flying. Her baby is crying. The sun is setting. No one laughed. 练

4、习25他唱得很美。6 我咳了一夜。7 我们很少在外边吃饭。8 昨天发生了事故。You sing beautifully. I coughed all night. We seldom dine out. The accident occurred yesterday. 常用的不及物动词vi.) run, swim, jump, rise, laugh, fly, come, go等。 属性动词: wash, sell, record, wear, read, write等与well, easily等副词连用，也构成主谓。 根本句型根本句型 二二 + +主系表主系表 此句型的句子谓语动词不能表达

5、此句型的句子谓语动词不能表达一个完好的意思，必需加上一个一个完好的意思，必需加上一个阐明主语身份或形状的表语构成阐明主语身份或形状的表语构成复合谓语，才干表达完好的意思。复合谓语，才干表达完好的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。这类动词叫做连系动词。Our school became larger and larger. city/become/beautiful feel/happy主语主语 + + 系动词系动词 + + 表语表语练习1今天我觉得不太温馨。2 他看上去很累。3 他的汤味道很好。4 她似乎对方案不感兴趣。I dont feel very well today.He looks ver

6、y tired. Your soup tastes very good. She doesnt seem very interested in the plan. 5 天越来越冷了。6 孩子不久就睡着了。7 他长得相当高了。8 听到这音讯她神色变得惨白。 Its getting cold. Soon the child fell asleep.She went pale at the news. He has grown quite tall.系动词主要分三类：be, look, feel, smell, taste, soundseem, appear get, grow, become,

7、turn, go, come, prove (turn out)stay, keep, remain be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍坚持其部分词义 根本句型根本句型 三三 + +主谓宾主谓宾 此句型句子的共同特点是谓此句型句子的共同特点是谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完好的意生的动作，但不能表达完好的意思，必需跟有一个宾语，即动作思，必需跟有一个宾语，即动作的接受者，才干使意思完好。这的接受者，才干使意思完好。这类动词叫做及物动词。类动词叫做及物动词。（实义动词）（实义动词）(宾语宾语) 1. Who 2. She

8、 3. He 8. He 5. They 6. I 7. He the answer? her. English. cakes. some apples. to have a cup of tea. Good morning. knows laughs at understands made ate want said 练习11过去二十年我们获得了很大的成就。2 他们很快控制了病情。3 他们只是在建空中楼阁。Weve achieved a lot in the past twenty years. They soon controlled the disease.They are just b

9、uilding castles in the air. 4 我非常欣赏他们的扮演。5 顾客要求退款。6 这会呵斥错误的印象。7 我们总是交换圣诞节礼物的。I enjoyed every minute of your performance. The customer demanded a refund. We always exchange Christmas gifts. That will create a wrong impression. 根本句型根本句型 四四+IO +D(主谓间宾直宾主谓间宾直宾) 此句型的句子谓语动词必需跟有两此句型的句子谓语动词必需跟有两个宾语才干表达完好的意思

10、。这两个宾个宾语才干表达完好的意思。这两个宾语一个是指人，另一个是指物语一个是指人，另一个是指物, 通常指通常指人的宾语用一个介词人的宾语用一个介词to或或for来衔接，来衔接，当指人的宾语在指物的宾语之前时，这当指人的宾语在指物的宾语之前时，这一介词往往被省略。一介词往往被省略。（及（及物）物）（多指（多指人）人）（多指物）（多指物）1.She2.She 3. He 8. He 5. I 6. I 7. I 4. He passed cooked brought bought showed gave told showed himher husband you her him him mea

11、 new dress. a delicious meal. a dictionary. nothing. my pictures. a hand. how to run the machine. that the bus was late. My friend lent me this book last week. owe/money/last year buy/bicycle/next Christmas tell/news/the day before yesterday 主语主语+ +及物动词及物动词+ +间接宾语间接宾语+ +直接宾直接宾语语 S + V +(sb)+(sth)S +

12、 V +(sb)+(sth)练习1 她给我们唱了一首英文歌曲。2 我去给他沏点新颖茶。3 这会省去他很多费事。4 请帮我把今天的报纸拿来。She sang us an English song. Ill make you some fresh tea. That will save you a lot of trouble.Please fetch me todays paper. 4 把车钥匙递给我。5 把他们的方案用发给我们。6 他可否把书单用电子邮件发给我？7 把那本书扔给我。Hand me the car key. Please fax us your plans. Throw me

13、that book. Can you me the book list? 常用的带双宾语的动词常跟双宾语的动词 give, offer, teach, tell, read, ask, bring, pass, lend, return, write, throw, allow, send,cost make, buy, do, get, save, cook, sing, find等。tofortake, give, teach, bring, lend, mail, offer, pass, hand, sell, send, show, throw, answer, award, wri

14、te, grant, permit, promise, paydo, buy, cook, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏演奏)，save, sing, 根本句型 五 +主谓宾宾补 此句型的句子特点是： 动词虽然是及物动词，但是一个宾语还不能表达完好的意思，须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语才干使意思完好。（及物）（及物）O（宾语）（宾语） O（宾补）（宾补）1. We 2. They3. They 4. They5. What 6. We 7. He 8. I the table the door supper the

15、house him him me them clean. green. dinner. dirty. sad? out. to come back. getting on the bus. keep painted call found makes saw asked saw主语主语+ +及物动词及物动词+ +宾语宾语+ +宾语补足语宾语补足语 S + V + (O) + (OC) S + V + (O) + (OC) I found him lying in bed.hear/cry/next roomnotice/thief/steal/housefeel/building/shakese

16、e/trees/plant/mountainI obliged him to do his homework. he/teach/pupils/speak/English she/advise/him/listen/every day she/allow/me/use/dictionary主语主语+ +及物动词及物动词+ +宾语宾语+ +宾语补足语宾语补足语 S + V + (O) + (OC) S + V + (O) + (OC) She thinks it right for her to do so. consider/wrong find/difficult think/a good

17、idea主语主语+ +及物动词及物动词+ + 宾语宾语+ +宾语补足语宾语补足语 S + V + (O) + (OC) S + V + (O) + (OC) 练习11我们把窗框漆成了黄色。2 她把连衣裙染成淡蓝色。3 他发现这任务很有意思。4 什么使他这样生气？We painted the window frames yellow.She dyed her dress light blue. He found the job quite interesting. What made you so angry?5 我们必需在半小时内把晚饭做好。6 他们必需坚持房间干净。7 我以为这没有必要。8

18、不久他们就把她释放了。 We must get the supper ready in half an hour. You must keep the room clean.Soon they set her free. I dont think it necessary. 常用的带复合宾语的动词 think, consider, feel, find, have, see, hear, notice, get, leave, ask, tell,etc.典型句子分析 除了根本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面添加一些修饰语而加以扩展。这些修饰语可以是单词主要是描画词、副词和数词，

19、也可以是各种类型的短语主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语。We found the hall full.我们发现礼堂坐满了。我们发现礼堂坐满了。We found the great hall full of students and teachers. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。在听一个重要报告。We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the Peoples Daily on current affairs in East Europe.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东在听人