八年级英语下册Unit1Pastandpresent词汇与语法基础训练(新版)牛津版

1、impossible adj.不可能的Un it 1 Pastand prese ntpast n.过去adj.过去的prese nt n.现在，目前just adv.刚才since conj.自.以来prep.自 以来ever adv.曾经northern adj.北方，北部的married adj.已婚的，结婚的wife n .(pl. wives)妻子block n.街区over prep.在.期间pollutio n n.污染；污染物factory n.工厂waste n.废料；废品realize (= realise )vt.& vi.意识到；实现improve vt.&am

2、p; vi.改进，改善situati on n.形势，情况22before adv.以前，过去Ion ely adj.孤独的，寂寞的any way adv.尽管，即使这样husband n.丈夫in terview n.采访；会见yet adv.还，仍recen tly adv.近来， 最近environment n.环境tran sport n.交通车辆，运输工具con diti on n.环境，条件，状况return vi.返回last adv.最近，上一次；最后abroad adv.至U（在）国外primary adj.小学教育的；初级的com municatevt. &vi.交

3、流，交际exactly adv.（答语）正是，没错n arrow adj.狭窄的、重点词汇1. present noun /rez. ?nt/1). somethi ng that you are give n, without ask ing for it, on a specialoccasi on, especially to show frien dship, or to say tha nk you(尤指表示友谊或致谢的)礼物，赠品例句：They gave me theatre tickets as a prese nt.他们送给我戏票作为礼物。2) . the prese ntth

4、e period of time that is happening now, not the past or the future现在，目前例句：Thats all for the prese nt.暂且就讲这些。3) . at prese ntnow现在，目前例句：At prese nt shes worki ng abroad.她目前在国外工作。2. realize verb /? ?la ?1). to understand a situation, sometimes suddenly明白；认识到；意识到例句：They did nt realize the dan ger they

5、were in.他们没有意识到自己身处危险之中。442). to achieve someth ing you were hop ing for实现；使变为事实；使发生例句：Ten years later her worst fears were realized.10年后，她最害怕的事情发生了。3. lonely adjective /? ?n.li/1). un happy because you are not with other people孤独的，寂寞的 例句： She gets Ion ely now that all the kids have left home.现在孩子们都

6、离开了家，她感到有些孤独。2). A Ion ely place is a long way from where people live.孤独的，孤零零的，远离人群的例句：a Ion ely stretch of Ariz ona highway4. recently adverb /?1 ?s ?nt.li/not long ago, or at a time that started not long ago最近；近来例句：Have you see n any good films recen tly?你最近看过什么好电影吗？亚利桑那一段荒凉的公路5. communicate verb

7、/k?nju?n ?ke ?1). to share informationwith others by speaking, writing, moving your body,or using other sig nals交流，沟通(信息)例句：Wecan now communicate instantlywith people on the other side of theworld.我们现在可以与生活在地球另一边的人们进行即时交流。2). to talk about your thoughts and feeli ngs, and help other people toun ders

8、ta nd them传达，表达，传递，沟通（思想或感情）例句：I find I just cant com muni cate with her.通。我发现我和她三、必背短语used to曾经in some ways在某种程度上偶尔all on es life一生be used to习惯于，适应于get used to习惯于，适应于turn into把.变成from time to time不时，有时，keep in touch保持联系ope n space开阔的空地6. communicate verb /k?nju?n ?ke ?四、经典句型1071. You used to be so

9、kind to me.你过去对我那么友好。2. Ive lived here since I was born.我自从出生以来就生活在这。3. Has the tow n cha nged a lot over the years?这些年该镇变化很大吗？4. I have already read this book many times.这本书我已经读过很多遍了。5. Many cha nges have take n place in Moon light Town over the years.这些年月光城发生了很多变化。J?三点剖析一、考点1.现在完成时1).构成形式：sb. have

10、/has done2).现在完成时用法：表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。表示动作或状态在过去已经开始，持续到现在，也许还要持续下去， 常和for, since连用。3).动词过去分词变化规律：一般情况下，直接在动词词尾加ed以“e”结尾的动词，在词尾加d以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，将y变成i再加ed重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写辅音字母，再加ed其他不规则变化4) .相关句型一般疑问句：Have/Has +主语+do ne？否定句：主语+have/has + not +do ne2. si nee的用法1) . since作介词时，意为从. 以来” 。sin

11、ee+时间点表示一段时间，常与完成时态连用，相当于for+一段时间。例句：I have lived here since 5 years ago.=I have lived here for 5 years.自从五年前我就住在这儿。2) . since作连词时，还可引导时间状语从句。通常主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过 去时。例句：Un cle Wang has worked at this factory si nee he came to this city.自从到这个城市以来，王叔叔一直在这个工厂工作。二、易错点1. happe n & take place1). happen表示

12、“发生”，通常指未准备地发生或偶然发生。例句：The accide nt happe ned at about 10.事故大约发生在10点钟。2). take place通常指预先安排好要发生的事，因此在汉语中除翻译为“发生”夕卜，还译为“举行”。例句：The meet ing will take place on Sun day.会议将于星期日举行。Great cha nges have take n place here since last year.自去年以来，这里发生了巨大变化。3). happen & take place都属于不及物动词，因此既不能带宾语，也不能用被动语态

13、。2. get used to禾口used to do1) . get used to意为“习惯于.”，与be used to同义。to为介词，后面跟代词、名词或动名词。例句：His father gets used to gett ing up early.他父亲习惯于早起。2) . used to do sth表示“过去常常做某事” ，to是不定式符号，后接动词原形。used to本身就是过去时态，没有人与数的变化，暗含“现在已不再这样” 之意。be used to do sth表示“被用来做某事”，是useto do sth的被动语态。卜 题模精选题模一：Un it 1词汇应用1010例

14、1.1.1 Last Thursday when I got to the station,I _ I had leftat home.A.un derstoodB.realizedC.believedD.seemed例1.1.2根据所给汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。1) .我想坐公交车在市里四处转转。Id like to_ the city by bus.2) .这个地方曾经是个小村庄。This place_ a small village.题模二：语法-现在完成时例1.2.1 His brother has bee n to Stone Forest twice_ he came to Yu

15、nnan.A.afterB. beforeC. sinceD.for例1.2.2根据要求改写句子。1) . Susan has been in this city for more than ten years.(改为同义句)_ more tha n ten years_Susa n_ to this city.2) . His uncle has already posted the photos to him.(改为否定句)His uncle_ posted the photos to him_.随练1.1 Mr. White is busy prepari ng for_ in terv

16、iew these days. He says_in terview will take place this Friday.A.an; theC.an; an随练1.2 Amy has studied in this school_ she was seve n years old.A.si neeB. ifC.un tilD.aftermy ticketB.a; theD.the; an随练1.3 Catheri ne got married_a policema n twenty years ago.A.withB. forC.toD.and1012随练1.4根据所给汉语意思完成句子，每

17、空一词。1.我们现在再也不能像以前那样经常见到这些鸟了。Now we cant see these birds_ any more.2.这里曾经有很多污染。但是它现在干净多了。There_ much pollutionhere. But its much cleaner3.我的邻居已经搬走了。我希望他们在新的地方住得愉快。My n eighbours_ . I hope they enjoy living in the newplace.4.政府应该采取措施来保护这条河。The gover nment should_the river.5.这里的高铁站去年开通了。自那以后，越来越多的人来这里旅

18、游了。The high-speed railway station here _ last year. More and more peopletravelled here_ .now.haveA.Do; tryB.Will; tryC.Did; tryD.Have; tried随练1.5-_you ever_speak ing to a foreig ner, Diana?-No, never. You know, therere no foreigners in our city.随练1.6-Havent you called Mrs. L in?-_dont have her nu mb

19、er.A.Yes, I haveC.Yes, I have ntB.No, I haveD.No, I have nt自我总结作业1 My gran dmother livesfeels_ .A.Ion ely; alone; Ion elyB.alone; Ion ely; Ion elyC.alone; alone; Ion elyD.Ion ely; Ion ely; alonein a (an)_ village but she n ever作业2 I have only_of money. I cant buy that expensive iPhone 6 Plus.A.a bit

20、B.a little1014C. a fewD.a lot作业3按要求改写句子。1. .My father has already returned from Sha nghai.（改写成一般疑问句）_your father_from Shan ghai_ ?2. Amy has nt decided where to spe nd her holiday yet.（改写成肯定句）Amy_where to spe nd her holiday.3. I have nt been to a theatre for two mon ths.（改写成意思相同的句子）I have nt bee n t

21、o atheatretwo mon ths4. Mr. Zha ng has lived in the tow n si nee he was born.（改写成意思相同的句子）Mr. Zhang has lived in the town_ .5. They have bee n to the Olympic Park three times in the pasttwo years.（对画线咅B分提问）_ have they bee n to the Olympic Park in the past twoyears?作业4 -Shes never eaten any dumplings

22、before,_?-Yes, she has. She has bee n in China for years, you know.A.is sheB.isnt sheC.has sheD.has nt she作业5 -How can you start playing games so soon, Tom?-1_my homework, Mom.A.have fini shedB.fini shedC.finishD. will finish作业6 Li Mi ng usedon the right in China, but he soon got usedon the left in

23、En gla nd.A.to drive; to driveB.driving; drivingC.to driving; to driveD.to drive; to drivi ng答案解析题模精选题模一：Un it 1词汇应用1016例1.1.1【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析，句意：上个星期四当我到达车站时，我意识到我将车票落在家里了。realize意为意识到”，故选B。例1.1.2【答案】1). go/ travel around 2). used to be【解析】考查本课词汇的应用，需注意联系语境、时态、人称的数及名词的单复数。题模二：语法-现在完成时例1.2.1【答案】C【解析】

24、考查现在完成时态，主句用现在完成时，从句是一般过去时，要用since连接,故选Co例1.2.2【答案】1). It is; si nee; came 2). has nt; yet【解析】考查本课语法的应用，需注意联系语境、时态、人称的数及名词的单复数。随练1.1【答案】A【解析】 考查冠词用法，句意：怀特先生这些天正在忙于准备一个采访。他说这个采访将在本周五进行。前空表示泛指，且in terview的读音以元音音素开头，应填an；后空特指 上句提到的采访，故填定冠词the。故选A。随练1.2【答案】A【解析】考查连词用法，句意：埃米自从七岁就在这所学校学习。主句用现在完成时，从句是一般过去时，应该用连词since引导从句，故选A。随练1.3【答案】C【解析】考查介词用法，句意：凯瑟琳二十年前嫁给了一位警察。考查短语get marriedto sb.，意为嫁给/娶了某人”。故选Co随练1.4【答案】1. as ofte n as before2. used to be3. have moved away4. take action to protect5.ope ned; since the n【解析】考查本课词汇的应用，需注意联系语境、时态