专题4.5语法填空题型解读和技巧点拨(讲义)

1、语法填空题型解读和技巧点拨语法填空又称为 开放式语篇填空，这一题型的测试从 语法的句子结构与语法形式、词汇的本义 和转义以及前后缀的变化、语境语篇的线索以及标志词等方面测试学生的整体语篇能力。这种命题形式将过去以句子为核心的语法单项选择变成以语篇为核心的语法填空。这一转变体 现了新课改由语法知识到 语法技能的语法教学观念的转变以及当今高考英语改革的趋势：突出语篇，强调在语篇中测试学生的英语 语言知识和技能。2007 年高考广东卷率先使用该命题形式，各个省区相继采取这种方式。2014 年 2 月份国家考试中心公布的考试说明宣布从 2014 年开始，课标高考全国卷也将以语法填空替代使用了几十年 之

2、久的单项选择。2014 年课标高考考试说明给出的样题为10 个空的对话体语篇语法填空；广东卷为 10 个空的阅读体语篇语法填空；上海卷为 16 个空的两篇阅读体的语篇语法填空；辽宁卷卷为一篇 10 个空的对话体语篇语法填空。目前也有少数地区中考采用了这个题型。语法填空主要考查形式分两种：1无提示词：通常考 冠词、介词、代词和连词 等四类词。一个空格只能填 一个单词。2有提示词：通常考动词、形容词和副词的比较等级、词类转换等。一个空格可以填 1-3 个语法填空主要考查能力：1语篇阅读、语篇理解的能力。2句子成分分析、句子结构分析的能力、词形转换、词性转换、并列连词、从属连词的考查。3固定结构、固

3、定短语（冠词、介词的考查）4逻辑推理能力。5单词拼写能力。语法填空主要考点和解题策略分析考点一：冠词? 无提示词? 名词之前实例印证：1. There once were a goat and a don key .So the farmer killed 40_goat and gave the don keymedic ine made from its heart.【答案和解析】the 表示特指。2. Whe n I see a child subject to this kind of pressure, I think of Donnie. He was 35_shy , n erv

4、ousperfecti oni st.【答案和解析】a 表示泛指。3.the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to 40_ small townsome 20 kilometers away【答案和解析】a 表示泛指。4. I still remember tak ing 22_ visit ing friend from Can ada to a local Black Country pub for lun ch.【答案和解析】a 表示泛指。考查语法点：定冠词，不定冠词的用法解题技巧下列情况很可

5、能填a/an_ +可数名词（单数）；_ +形容词+可数名词（单数）。下列情况下很可能填the（1）_什定语）+名词+ of 等介词短语（表示特指）；（2）_什定语）+名词+定语从句（表示特指）;（3）_什定语）+名词+不定式短语或分词短语（表示特指）。实例印证：1. He s_amaz ing sin ger, a music video director, a buisiss owner and he【答案和解析】an 表示泛指，amazing 首字母发元音音标，所以用 an2. One way that America ns do this is with _ firm hand shak

6、e.【答案和解析】a 表示泛指。3. This is_ law of America n of all successful people.【答案和解析】the 表示特指，有限定范围：of all successful people.4._ hour_ hon est boy_ 8-year-old boy_ X-ray photo/umbrella/America n【答案和解析】an 表示泛指，同时，因为首字母发元音音标。考点二：介词? 无提示词：注意搭配问题? 与名词相连构成介宾短语担任状语，补语等? 与不及物动词构成动词短语接宾语1. In short, I believe that

7、it is 39_great use to keep a dairy in English【答案和解析】of 考查固定短语 be of great use 很实用2. When I took the money from her gra ndpare nts, I looked back 34_the girl, who was givi ng methe most optimistic, largest smile I had ever see n.【答案和解析】at 考查固定短语 look back at 回头看3. She found some good quality pipes_ s

8、ale.【答案和解析】on 考查固定短语 on sale 在售4. He was very tired_ doing this for a whole day【答案和解析】after 考查固定短语：after doing this 在做过这个一整天之后，很累了。考查语法点：介词的基本用法及惯用搭配考点三：代词? 无提示词? 作主语用主格，作宾语用宾格，注意形容词词性和名词性物主代词的区别。? 指示代词（it 和 this），不定代词，it 用作引导词，反身代词等1. She remembered how difficult_ was to choose a suitable Christmas

9、 prese nt for her father.【答案】it2. When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in my village, I wan ted to reward the oldwoma n for the trouble I had caused_ .【答案】her3. It has bee n said before, but experie ncing it myself has made_want to say it aga in: a smile【答案】me 考查语法点：代词的基本用法解题技巧因句子的

10、主语或宾语主要由名词、代词、动名词或不定式等充当，而名词、动名词或不定式等实词 通常会放在有提示词的空格中考查，所以纯空格所填词在句子中作主语或宾语时，通常填代词，包括人称代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词性物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词（不能作主语）等。在名词前作定语就只能用形容词性物主代词了。考点四：连词或从句引导词?无提示词?两个主谓结构连接1. Historically, it was famous for industry, which explains_A6_ the area is called the BlackCoun try.【答案和解析】why 考查定语从句的关系副词从历史上看

11、，它以工业闻名，这也解释了为什么这个地区被称为黑人之乡”。2. It got its n ame duri ng the in dustrial revoluti on,17 factory polluti on turned the local skies blackand local dust from the mines made the soil the same color.【答案和解析】whe n 考查定语从句的关系副词3. Jane paused in front of a coun ter_some attractive ties were on display.【答案和解析】

12、where 考查定语从句的关系副词简在陈列着一些漂亮领带的柜台前停了下来。4. One day, he came up with an idea_ he would pluck up all of his crop a few in ches.【答案和解析】that 考查同谓语从句，解释先行词idea.有一天，他想出了一个主意一把所有的庄稼都拔掉几英寸。考查语法点：各类复合句中连词，引导词的用法解题技巧连接两个功能对等的单词或短语时，应填并列连词。常见的并列连词有：and; or; but;while;however, so , for, otherwise, both.a nd.; not

13、onl y.but also.;n either . nor.;either.or.;（2）若两个句子（有两个主谓结构）之间，没有句号或分号，也没有连词，那空格处必定是填连接词,否则，句子结构就不完整。根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构，确定是并列句要求考生填 and, but, while, when, or 等)还是某种主从复合句。然后根据各类从句的特点，结合连接 词的意义和用法，确定填具体的某个连词。常见的连接词有：定语从句的引导词：关系代词：that/which/who/whom/whose/as 关系副词：when ; where;why名词性从句：if ； whethe

14、r;what 等状语从句：if ;when ; uniess;before;after 等。考点五：谓语动词? 有提示词?与主语构成主谓结构1.1 was certa in she would like it because I _(tell) by my classmates that she loved hot food.【答案和解析】was told 考查被动语态根据线索词by 和语境的时态决定为一般过去时的被动语态,主语是 I,谓语动词用 was.2. His fear of failure_ (keep) him from classroom games that other chi

15、ldre n played with joyousabandon.【答案和解析】kept 考查一般过去时态。根据语境得知用一般过去时态3.Being too an xious to help an event develop ofte n_ (result) in the con trary to our inten ti on.【答案和解析】results 考查谓语动词的数。主语是动名词，谓语动词用单数，因为描述的是客观真 理，用一般现在时态。考查语法点：谓语动词的时态及语态，及主谓一致【答案和解析】考点六：非谓语动词? 有提示词?除谓语动词以外的动词形式(多1. We must also

16、con sider the reacti on of the pers on 32_ (receive) the gift.【答案和解析】receiving 考查现在分词短语作后置定语。2.I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left_(complete) the rest!【答案和解析】to complete 考查动词不定式表示目的3. My pupils, Donnie 40_(in clude), adored her.【答案和解析】included 此处表示被动，过去分词做状语。4. Before the waitress could e

17、ven finish describ ing the menu, my friend looked at me with his eyebrows( 眉毛)(raise).【答案和解析】raised 考查 with 的复合结构:with+n+分词，此处表示被动关系用过去分词形式。服务员还没来得及描述菜单，我的朋友就扬起眉毛看着我考查语法点：非谓语动词及变形的使用考点七：词性转换.有提示词介词，冠词，所有格后接名词，形容词修饰名词，副词修饰形容词动词或整个句子1.“ Thi-fve cents, ” she said 36_(rude).【答案和解析】rudely 考查副词修饰动词2. As f

18、ar as I am concern ed, my 37_ (suggest) is that we should always have a no tebookand a Chin ese-E nglish with in easy reach.【答案和解析】suggestion 考查名词作主语3. This proverb is say ing we have to let things go in their_(n ature) course.【答案和解析】natural 考查形容词修饰名词。4. _ (doubt), although there is still room for i

19、mproveme nt to this policy,I thi nk it is still agood one which brings more good than harm to the students and the nation.【答案和解析】Undoubtedly 考查副词作状语。毫无疑问，虽然这项政策还有改进的空间，但我认为它仍然是一个好的政策，给学生和国家带来的好处大于坏处。考查语法点：各类词性的正确使用及转化考点八：形容词的级? 有提示词? 通常，有表示范围的 in /of 介词短语或形容词前有the 时，一般要用最高级；than 的前面一定要用比较级1.0 ne of

20、the 33_ (bad) gift choices I ever made was for my high school En glish teacher【答案和解析】worst one of +the +最高级+名词，其中最.的东西2. We were both laughi ng the whole time at our complete in ability to com muni cate in words. When itwas time to leave, I said “ tha nkyou in Korea n, using some of the few words I

21、had lear ned. I felt_(Ion ely) tha n I had expected that ni ght.【答案和解析】less Ionely 根据提示词 than 知道用比较级，同时根据语境知道用否定意义的比较级。我们一直在笑自己完全无法用语言交流。当我要离开的时候，我用韩语说了声谢谢”用了一些我学过的单词。那天晚上，我感到没有我想象的那么孤独。3. Lucille Clift on is an award-w inning poet and writer. Critics call her one of the_ (great) writersof our time.

22、【答案和解析】greatest one of +the +最高级+人：其中最.的人小结一根据句子结构，确定词性_一般有提示词：动词，名词，形容词，副词.无提示词：冠词，介词，连词，代词.二根据上下文意义及语法，确定词形_冠词定冠词，不定冠词代词人称代词，物主代词，不定代词，指示代词，反身代词连词并列句及复合句介词介词的常用用法及词组搭配谓语动词谓语动词的时态及语态，及主谓一致非谓语非谓语动词 to do, doing, done 及变形词性变化词汇，构词法解题四步走1 通读全文,理解大意2.分析句子，确定词性3. 根据语义，确定词形4. 检查搭配，前后连贯2019 年全国 I 卷真题实例语法填

23、空人与自然：保护北极熊说明文185中第二节(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分)【答案和解析】less Ionely 根据提示词 than 知道用比较级，同时根据语境知道用否定意义的比较级。阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfo un dla nd.While they are rare n orth of 88, there is evide nee 61 they r

24、ange all the way across the Arctic, andas far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of therange has been 62 (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bearsworldwide.Moder n methods 63 track

25、ing polar bear populatio ns have bee n employed only si nee the mid-1980s, andare expensive64 (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years someIn uit people in Nun avut 65 (report) in creases in bear sight ings around huma n settleme nts, leadi ng to a 66(believe) that populatio ns are in creas ing. Scien tists have resp on ded by 67(no te)that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集)around human settlements, leading to the illusion (令