unit3表语从句

1、Learning about Language名词性从句：宾语从句和表语从句名词性从句：宾语从句和表语从句Unit 3用that/whether/what/how/why填空，并指出引导何种从句，以及在句中作的成分。It is Henry Adams, an American businessman, who is lost in London and does not know _ he should do.()May we ask what youre doing in this country and _ your plans are？()I cant say _ I have any

2、plans.()I didnt know _ I could survive until morning.()The fact is _ I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand, which accounts for my appearance.()Im afraid _I dont quite follow you, sir.()Thats _ weve given you the letter.()Why dont you explain _ this happened？()答案：what宾语从句；作宾语what宾语从句；作表语th

3、at宾语从句；不作成分whether宾语从句；不作成分that表语从句；不作成分that宾语从句；不作成分why表语从句；作原因状语how宾语从句；作状语一、基础点拨(一)名词性从句1定义：在主从复合句中，相当于名词的从句称之为名词性从句。名词性从句在句中的功能相当于名词。它包含主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句及同位语从句。2名词性从句的关联词及其在句中的功能。分类关联词意义功能连接词that无意义不充当成分whether/if是否不充当成分关系代词who(ever)(无论)谁主语，宾语，表语whose谁的定语what(ever)(无论)什么主语，宾语，表语，定语which(ever)(无论)哪一

4、个主语，宾语，定语关系副词when(ever)(无论)何时时间状语where(ver)(无论)哪里地点状语why为什么原因状语how(ever)(无论)如何/怎么方式状语(二)宾语从句1定义：在主从复合句中充当宾语的从句，其作用相当于一个名词。它可以作谓语动词的宾语，也可以作非谓语动词、某些介词等的宾语。I dont know where they have gone to spend their holidays.我不知道他们去哪里度假了。2由连接词that引导的宾语从句。that在从句中不担当任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去。We have decided(that) we wou

5、ld go there by bus.我们已决定乘公共汽车去那里。3whether/if引导的宾语从句。whether/if在从句中不充当成分，但是有“是否”之意，从句要用陈述语序。I dont know whether/if he is ill.我不知道他是否病了。名师点拨whether/if引导的宾语从句在作ask，care，find out，know，wonder等动词的宾语时，带有疑问意义。此时whether与if可互换。4连接代词及连接副词引导的宾语从句。连接代词及连接副词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，连接词都在从句中担当一定的成分。I dont know what I shoul

6、d do next.(what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语)我不知道下一步做什么。I wonder who will play in the basketball match.(who引导宾语从句，并在从句中作主语)我不知道这场篮球赛谁会上场。Ask him which he wants，the big one or the small one.(which引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语)问问他想要哪一个，大的还是小的。You can choose whatever you like.(whatever引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语)你可以选择任何你喜欢的。I dont know where

7、 we should start.(where引导宾语从句，并在从句中作地点状语)我不知道我们应该从什么地方开始。It is easy to understand why he was angry.(why引导宾语从句，并在从句中作原因状语)很容易理解他发怒的原因。I dont know how it happened.(how引导宾语从句，并在从句中作方式状语)我不知道这事怎么发生的。名师点拨whever与no matter wh易错点拨(1)whatever/whoever/whichever等既可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句。(2)no matter what/no matt

8、er who/no matter which等只用于引导让步状语从句。(3)两种形式在引导让步状语从句时可互换。Whatever you want to do(No matter what you want to do)，your parents will always support you.(whatever引导让步状语从句，并在从句中作宾语)不管你想做什么，你的父母将永远支持你。(三)表语从句1定义：在主从复合句中充当表语的从句，其作用相当于一个名词。表语从句放在系动词之后，即主语系动词表语。This is where I dont agree with you.(where引导表语从句

9、，where在从句中作地点状语)这就是我不同意你的地方。That is why he was late for class again.(why引导表语从句，why在从句中作原因状语)那就是他又一次上课迟到的原因。My question is where we will travel and how we will get there.(where引导表语从句，where在从句中作地点状语；how引导表语从句，how在从句中作方式状语)我的问题是我们将去哪里旅行并且我们将如何到达那里。 2连接词that引导表语从句，不充当成分，无意义，但是不能省略。My advice is that we s

10、hould get there by train.(that引导表语从句，不充当成分，无意义)我建议我们乘火车到那儿。3whether引导表语从句，不充当成分，意为“是否”。此时一般不能与if互换。The question is whether you can do the work well.(whether引导表语从句)问题是你能否做好这项工作。二、难点突破(一)宾语从句1that引导宾语从句时需要注意的问题。(1)从句是并列句时，第二个分句前的that不可省。They told us(that) there would be a meeting that afternoon and th

11、at we all should attend the meeting.(第一个that可省，但第二个that不可省)他们告诉我们那天下午会有一个会议，并且我们都应该参加这个会议。 (2)在demand，order，suggest，insist，propose，advise，desire等表示要求、命令、建议、坚持等意义的动词后，that宾语从句中谓语常用“(should)动词原形”，表示虚拟。The policeman demanded that the gate should be shut.警察命令把大门关上。巧学助记口诀巧记后面常用虚拟形式的动词一坚持：insist二命令：order，

12、command三建议：suggest，propose，advise四要求：desire，demand，require，request(3)动词it形容词或惯用搭配that从句，it为形式宾语，that从句为真正的宾语。I think it a pity that you could not come.(it为形式宾语，that引导的从句为真正的宾语) 你不能来，我深深惋惜。(4)动词doubt用于否定结构或疑问结构时，接that从句作宾语。We dont doubt that he can do a good job of it.(doubt用于否定句)我们不怀疑(相信)他能把这件事做得很好。

13、(5)主句为第一人称，主句谓语为think，believe，imagine，suppose和expect等动词，其引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把主句中的动词变为否定式，即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。I didnt think that he understood your question.(形式上否定主句谓语think，实际是否定宾语从句中的谓语understood)我想他没有弄懂你的问题。2whether引导宾语从句时需要注意的问题。(1)作介词宾语时，只能用whether引导宾语从句。I havent settled the question of whether Ill go back

14、 home.(作介词的宾语)我是否回家，还没有定。(2)whether与or或or not连用时，不可用if替换。She doesnt know whether she should get married now or wait.(whether.or.)她不知道是现在就结婚还是等等再说。(3)动词doubt用于肯定句式，其宾语从句用whether引导。I doubt very much whether he is coming.(doubt用于肯定句)我很怀疑他是否来。(二)特殊的表语从句1as，as if/though引导的表语从句常置于系动词seem，appear，look，taste

15、，sound，feel等之后。It looks as_if a storm would come soon.(as if引导表语从句)暴风雨好像快要来啦。2句子主语为the reason时，表语从句通常用that引导，即构成句型：The reason why.is that.；The reason for.is that.意为“的原因是”。The reason why he asked for two days leave is that he had to take care of his sick son.他请了两天假的原因是他要照顾他生病的儿子。3because可引导表语从句，常用于结构

16、：This/That is because.意为“这/那是因为”。Thats because I was too busy then.(强调原因)那是因为那时我太忙。易混辨析Thats why we didnt attend that meeting.(强调结果)那就是我们没有参加会议的原因。Thats because.意为“那是因为”，强调原因Thats why.意为“那是的原因”，强调结果4主语为advice，suggestion，proposal，demand，desire，requirement，request，order，command等表示建议、要求、命令等意义的名词时，表语从句的

17、谓语要用“shoulddo”，其中should可省，表示虚拟。His request is that they should stay here for the night.他请求他们在这儿逗留一晚。名师点拨(1)从句语序要用陈述语序。(2)主句与从句的时态要保持一致(若为客观真理、科学原理、自然现象，则从句仍用一般现在时态)。They wanted to know where they could find this kind of plants.他们想知道到哪里能够找到这种植物。Last night，Dad tried his best to explain to his little c

18、hild how the earth moves around in space.(从句表达的为客观事实)昨晚，爸爸尽力向他的小孩解释地球在太空中是如何运转的。课堂达标验收课堂达标验收.语法填空1What do you think of China?How different it is today from _ it used to be!答案：what后句句意：中国与她过去相比变化真大啊！what引导宾语从句，在从句中作表语，不可用that。2.(2015山东，33改编)I truly believe _ beauty comes from within.答案：that考查宾语从句的连接词

19、。句意：我相信美来自内心。分析句子结构可知，宾语从句中不缺成分，应填只起连接作用的that。3(2015重庆，8改编) We must find out _ Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.答案：when考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：我们必须查明卡尔何时会来，这样我们就能为他预定房间了。由句意可知，填when。4(2015安徽，25改编)A ship in harbor is safe, but thats not _ ships are built for.答案：what考查表语从句的连接词。句意：船停在港口是安全的，但那不是造船的本

20、意。分析句子结构可知，从句中介词for后缺少宾语，所以填what。5(2015四川，8改编)The exhibition tells us _ we should do something to stop air pollution.答案：why考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：这次展览告诉我们为什么我们应该采取措施来阻止空气污染。由句意可知，填why。6A modern factory has been built up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago.答案：what考查宾语从句。句意：一座现代化的工厂建在了十年前是垃圾场的地方。分析从句可知，从句缺少主语和引

21、导词，故用what引导宾语从句。7See the flags on the top of the building? That was _ we did this morning.答案：whatwhat引导表语从句，在句中作did的宾语。后句句意：那就是今天上午我们做的事情。8People in Chongqing are proud of _ they have achieved in the past ten years.答案：what句意：重庆人民非常骄傲他们十年来取得的成就。what引导名词性从句，同时充当achieve的宾语。9When asked _ they needed mos

22、t, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved.答案：what句意：当被问到他们最需要什么时，孩子们说他们想让别人觉得他们是重要的，希望被爱。what引导宾语从句，且what在从句中作needed的宾语。10Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _it is.答案：who考查宾语从句语序。宾语从句语序须用陈述语序；用it指代不明性别的人。11The last time we had great fun was _ we were visiting the Water Park.答

23、案：when由the last time可知是表示时间，故用when引导表语从句。12I couldnt understand _was the matter with me.答案：what考查宾语从句语序。句意：我也不明白我到底怎么啦。what在从句中作主语。13The companies are working together to create _ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century.答案：what该句中they hope是插入语，故“_ they hope will be the best

24、 means of transport in the 21st century”实际上是create的宾语，且缺少宾语从句的连接词，并且该连接词要指物且在从句中作主语，what可以起到该作用。14One reason for her preference for city life is _ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.答案：that考查表语从句中的连词。that引导名词性从句不作任何语法成分且不可以省略。15Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his

25、own novel, David Copperfield, was _ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.答案：that考查表语从句中的连接词。句意：狄更斯喜欢他自己的小说大卫科波菲尔的部分原因是小说的创作非常贴近他本人的真实生活。从句不缺成分，因此用that来引导。.句型转换1Soon we arrived at the place we called the Fairy Island.Soon we arrived at _ the Fairy Island.2It is believed that this medicine will cure his disease.People believe _.3Whether we shall attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet.We havent decided _.4The question whether it was worth trying had been discussed at the meeting.The question discussed at the meeting _.5It is