现在完成时 (2)

1、现在完成时现在完成时的构成：have/has + done规则动词 (1)一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”. work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited (2)以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”.live-lived-lived (3)以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 "y" 变为 "i" ，再加“ ed ”. study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried (4)重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”. stop-stopped-s

2、topped , drop-dropped-dropped 现在完成时的概念1）现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。(汉语中常用“已经”、“过”、“了”等表达）通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词 just，already, before, yet, never, ever ,two times等状语连用。例如： Have you ever been to shanghai?My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去. Im sure weve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面.I hav

3、e already watched the TV play. Have you found your lost pen yet? No, I havent found it yet.牛奶的奶挤了吗？I have never heard that before. 我从没听说过.I have been to shanghai twice. 2）表示动作或状态在过去已经开始，持续到现在，也许还要持续下去。常和for 和since连用， 表示持续的动作和状态， 多为延续性动词. We havent seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你. They have been away fo

4、r two years. 他们离开已经两年了.She has been with us since Monday. 她从周一开始就跟我们在一起了.have /has been to(in) 和have / has gone to 的用法区别 1 “ have /has been to+地名 ”表示曾经去过某地，说话时已经回到说话地点， 常与once 、twice、ever、never 等时间连用。2 “have / has gone to +地名 ”表示去某地了，现在没有回来，人不在说话地点。 He has been to Shanghai. 他(曾经) 去过上海。He has gone to

5、 Shanghai. 他(已经)去上海了。3. have/has been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since, for, how long 等。例如：Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了例题1. Jane has _ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow.A. been B. never been C. went D. gone 2. Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak

6、to Mr. Black? - Sorry. He _ the Bainiao Park.A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to3. -_ you ever _ to the US? - Yes, twice.A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, going现在完成时与一般过去时的比较 1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作； 现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调影响。I saw this film yester

7、day. I have seen this film. 2）一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用; 现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week，ago, in1990, in October, just now, - 具体的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语: for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past few years, recently, twice -模糊的时间状语3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或

8、状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。She joined the League three years ago. (加入的动作不是延续的)She has been in the League for three years (since three years ago). (在团内的状态可延续)She has been a League member for three years

9、 (since three years ago).(是团员的状态可持续)现在完成时的注意事项a) since和for的区别since后接时间点或从句，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there，Tuesday, October-“自从”for后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。-“长达”1. Jim has been in Ireland _ Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland _ three days.3. His aunt has lived i

10、n Australia _15 days.4. Mary is in her office. She has been there _ 7 o'clock.5. India has been an independent country _1974.6. The bus is late. They've been waiting _ 20 minutes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty _ many years.8. Mike has been ill _a long time. He has been

11、 in hospital _ October.b) 表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用（不能和since, for, how long 连用）， 但可以与这类词相应的延续性动词或短语连用。巧记10个瞬间性动词的转换 “开始离去借来还，出生入死买到家”1 begin/startbe on6 returnbe back2 leavebe away/out7 joinbe in3 gobe off/there8 diebe dead4 borrowkeep9 buyhave5 co

12、mebe here10 arrivebe here类似的转换还有：fall asleepbe asleep move therebe there open be open 等说明：1. 瞬间动词又叫非延续性动词或终止性动词，它可以有现在完成时态，但不可以接一段时间；如果要接一段时间，就必须把它转换成相应的延续性动词。2. 瞬间动词在完成时态中的否定式中可以接一段时间He has come here for 2 years. The old man has died for 4 months. They have left only for 5 minutes. 以上三句话可以改为：He has

13、 been here for 2years.The old man has _ _ for 4 months.They have _ _ only for 5 minutesc) 现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now(错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.Choose the best answer1 What a nic

14、e watch! How long _you _it？ Just three weeksA will, buy B did, buy C have , had2 _ you _in Greener China for a long time？ Yes，I joined it five years agoA Have, been B Has , joined C Have , joined3 Teacher Li_ Japan. He_ Japan for two years A has been to, has been to B has gone to, has been in C has

15、gone to, has been to 4 The students are sorry to hear that the famous singer _ for half an hourA has left B has been away C has gone away5 I_ this book for two days. I have to return it nowA borrowed B have borrowed C have kept 6-When _ you _ your old friend? -The day before yesterday.A will, visit

16、B did, visit C have, visited7 Mrs White _ in this school since she came here.A teaches B taught C has taught8 No children_ football in the street since a car hit a boy last Sunday.A have played B played C playing9 -Im sorry to keep you waiting. -Oh, not at all, I _ here only for a few minutes.A was

17、B have been C will be10 His father _ since 1936.A died B has died C has been dead11. I have been to shanghai. I _there last month A. go B. went C. have gone D. will go 12. Peter has never been to a water park. _.A. I havent neither. B. I havent, too C. Me, too D. Me neither13. Sanya is a beautiful c

18、ity. I _there twice.A. have gone B. have been C. have gone to D. have been to14. The two old men _each other since 1970.A. didnt see B. dont see C. havent seen D. wont see15. -How long has the film_? - For ten minutes. A. begun B. began C. been on16. Have you _been to the East Lake? No, _A. ever, never B. ever, ever C. never, never D. never, ever17. Tom_ the USA. He_back in two months.A. has gone to, comes B. has gone to, will beC. has been to, comes D. has been to, will be18. -Are you going to see the film