英语语法被动语态和语气

1、学习必备欢迎下载教案题目（教学章节或主题） ：授课日期：专题：动词语气和语态授课时间：教学重点、难点：重要性：典型例题：单句改错：1. Many new buildings were built since 2000.2. Look! A frog is swallowed by a snake over there.3. Great changes have been taken place in my hometown.4. This book is worth being read.5. The baby is being taken care by the parents.6. The

2、 boy was made stay at home doing his homework.单项选择1.It is said that pandas _ in our country year after year.A. are being disappeared B. are disappearingC. will be disappearedD. will disappear2.The accident _ last week.A. was happenedB. happenedC. is happenedD. are happened3.His Selected Poems _ in 1

3、970.A. were publishedB. was publishedC. is publishedD. has been published4.That big room _ for meetings.A. usesB. shall useC. is usingD. can be used5.With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _ each year.A. is washing awayB. is being washed awayC. are washing awayD. are being

4、washed away6.The radar sets _ for a long time without any trouble.A. have been runningB. have been run C. have runD. were running7.Do you remember _ to Dr. Henry during your last visit?A. to be introducedB. being introducedC. having introducedD. to have introduced总结：本次教学评价：非常满意较满意一般 家长或学生签字共小时本节课回访记

5、录：任课老师签字：主任签字：日期：学习必备欢迎下载讲义教学内容：动词语态：语态也是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语有两种语态：主动语态(activevoice) 和被动语态 (passive voice) 。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。一、 被动语态的构成被动语态是由助动词 be 加及物动词的过去分词构成， 如果有必要强调动作的执行者， 动作执行者可以由介词 by 引出的短语表示。助动词 be 随主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。二、主动语态变被动语态变被动句步骤：1、把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语2、把动词变为被动形式即

6、be +过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保学习必备欢迎下载持不变。3、原主动句的主语如需要则放在by 后面以它的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。4、其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。1) 主语+谓语+宾语“主语+ 谓语+ 宾语 ”结构中只有一个宾语，变为被动语态时，将宾语变为主语：eg: They will discuss the plan at the meeting.- The plan will be discussed at the meeting.In the past the king possessed great wealth.-In the

7、past great wealth was possessed by the king.练习：1. In order to leave early tomorrow, we should pack up the luggage now.2. When I got there, they were cutting up a fallen tree 3. A car knocked him down yesterday4. We should protect the earth 2）主语 +谓语 +间接宾语 +直接宾语在这个句型中，谓语动词跟有两个宾语。变成被动语态时，一般将通常指人的间接宾语转化

8、成主语，但有时也可将指物的间接宾语转化成主语：We gave the student some books.- The student was given some books.- Some books were given to the student.His father bought him a computer last week.- He was bought a computer by his father last week.- A computer was bought for him by his father last week.注意： 用直接宾语作被动语态的主语时，通常要

9、在间接宾语前加上适当的介词(如to, for, of等)，以加强间接宾语的语气。1）一般在下列词后， 常在间接宾语前用介词to。如：bring, take, give, hand, lend, pass, pay, promise,sell, show, teach, tell 等Eg： A magazine was passed on to me.A nice watch was shown to Lucy.2）一般在下列词后，常在间接宾语前用介词for.如： buy, build, make, sing, choose, cut, get, fix等Eg: The new skirt wa

10、s made for me by my mother.学习必备欢迎下载A beautiful song was sung to her by her classmates.练习：1. They awarded him the Nobel Prize2. The host had caught us some fish.3. My uncle gave me a gift on my birthday4. My friend bought me a book last night.3) 主语 +谓语 +宾语 +宾语补足语在这个句型中， 谓语动词后有一个宾语和一个宾语补足语，变成被动语态时，宾语转

11、化成主语，宾语补足语也随之变为主语补足语：All the villagers painted the houses white.- The houses were painted white by all the villagers. They kept us waiting for a long time.- We were kept waiting for a long time.We regarded him as the best doctor in town.- He was regarded as the best doctor in town.注意 ：有些使役动词和感官动词,如

12、make, see, hear, watch, notice, observe, listen to 等，在主动结构中跟不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语，在变为被动结构时，不定式应加上to。Eg： We heard him say good-bye to his friends.- He was heard to say good-bye to his friends. We often see him play guitar in the classroom -He is often saw to play guitar in the classroom.注意：在使用被动语态时，千万不要遗

13、漏句末的介词或副词。Eg:Such a bad habit should be got rid of.All the important matters have now beenattended to.练习：1. This dictionary mustn't _ from the libraryA take away B taken awayCare taken away D be taken away 2. She will take good care of the children （变被动语态）The children will _ _ _ _ _（by her）3. So

14、meone saw him swim in Qianling Lake yesterday （变被动语态）He _ _ _ swim in Qianling Lake yesterday4) 含有情态动词的主动句变被动句学习必备欢迎下载含有情态动词的谓语变成被动语态时，用“情态动词We must operate the machine with care.+ be done构”成。-The machine must be operated with care.-People had to be reminded of the danger that night.三、不用被动语态的情况1. 不及

15、物动词或动词短语无被动语态（即多数的瞬间动词）：appear, die（死亡） ,disappear（消失） , end (vi. 结束） , fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.比较：rise, fall, happen 是不及物动词 ； raise, seat 是及物动词。（错） The price has been risen.（错） The accident was happe

16、ned last week.（对） The price has risen.（对） The accident happened last week.（错） The price has raised.（错） Please seat.（对） The price has been raised.（对） Please be seated.2. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。Eg； Your idea sounds reasonable.The food tastes terrib

17、le.The uniform looks ugly on me.3. 表示主语的某种属性特省的动词，如 read, write, act, sell, wash, wear, open, cook. 这类词一般不单独使用，常有一个修饰语。Eg: The cloth dries easily.The book sells well.The pen writes smoothly.4. 主动形式表示被动含义1）在 need， want， require, bear 等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。Eg: The house needs repairing

18、（to be repaired）The flowers want watering every day.2）形容词 worth 后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy 后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。Eg: The picture-book is well worth reading（ The picture-book is very worthy to be read ）The man is worth trusting.= The man is worthy to be trusted.3) 动词 不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另

19、一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。Eg: I have a lot of things to do this afternoon (to do 与 things 是动宾关系，与I 是主谓关系。I want to find a hotel to live in.I don thave a partner to practice English with.试比较： I ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted?)(此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you 不是post 动作的执行者。)学习必备欢迎下

20、载4. 在某些 “形容词不定式 ”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy， fit ， hard，difficult ， important ，impossible ， pleasant， interesting 等。Eg： This problem is difficult to work out .The air is hard to breathe.练习：各个时态的被动结构变形A ）句型练习1. The teacher cleans the office every day. _2. T

21、he doctor cleaned the bathroom yesterday._3. Tom invited Blown to the party._4. The workers built this house 100 years ago._5. Some workers will build a new school building._6. I have eaten an apple. _7. My mother is washing the dishes._8. A little boy has broken the window._9. The bad man is cuttin

22、g down the trees._10. Somebody wants you on the phone._B）单项选择1.- what a nice garden!-Yes it _every day A has been cleaned B is cleanedC is being cleaned D was cleaned2.English_ in Canada ， Australia and New Zealand as well as America and Britain A speaksB is speakingC is spoken D spoke3.I won t leav

23、e my office until my workA finishB will finishC are finished D is finished4.A report says hundreds of thousands of trees-in the Amazon rainforest_ last year A was cut down B have been cut down C were cut down D has been cut down5.The PLA _ in 1927.A. was foundB .foundC. was foundedD. founded6. Your

24、school looks beautiful 一 Yes A 10t 0f trees and grass_last yearA are plantedB were plantedC are planting D have planted7.The young man who stole many bikes in our school_ the day before yesterday A was catchingB is caughtC caught D was caught8.-what should we do first if we want to develop our villa

25、ge?一 A 1ot of new roads_ ， I think -A must buildB have to buildC must be builtD have built9.I think l know the little boy in the old photoB it'S me It_10 years ago in Hangzhou A took B is takenC has taken D was talcen10. 一 Mum ，Can I go out and play?一 If your work_ A will be doneB is doneC has d

26、one D was done学习必备欢迎下载1. (10 年高考 I 32题)The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune _ .A. is madeB. would makeC. was to be madeD. had made2. (10 年高考 II15题 )Linda, make sure that the tables _ before the guests arrive.A. be setB. setC. are setD. are setting3. (09 年高考 I 26

27、题 )His sister left home in 1998, and _ since.A. had not been heard of B. has not been heard ofC. had not heard of D. has not heard of4. (09 年高考 II 8题 )Progress _ so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished ontime.A. wasB. had beenC. has beenD. will be5. (08 年高考 I 9 题 )The wet wea

28、ther will continue tomorrow, when a cold front _ to arrive.A. is expectedB. is expectingC. expectsD. will be expected6. (07 年高考 I 35 题 ) The flowers were so lovely that they _ in no time.A. soldB. had been soldC. were soldD. would sell7. (06 年高考 I 29 题 ) The water _ cool when I jumped into the pool

29、for morning exercise.A. was feltB. is feltC. feltD. feels8.(06年高考 II 31 题 ) Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it _ yesterday.A. was happeningB. was happenedC. had happenedD. happened9. (05 年高考 I 33 题 ) The hero s story _ differently in the newspapers.A. was reportedB. was reportingC. reportsD

30、. reported10.(04年高考 I28题)Sarah,hurryup. I mafraid youcan havettime to _ before the party.A. get changedB. get changeC. get changingD. get to change11.(04年高考 II34 题 ) According to the art dealer, the painting _ to go for at least a million dollars.A. is expectedB. expectsC. expectedD. is expecting12.(04年高考 III 25 题) - The window is dirty.- I know. It _ for weeks.A. hasn t cleanedB. didn t cleanC. wasn t cleanedD. hasn t been cleaned13.(03年高考 30题 ) Whydon youtputthe meat inthe fridge?Itwill _ fresh for several