英语专升本考试重点复习内部资料专升本英语语法,词汇,阅读理解.翻译

1、语法 七大语法考试重点一 独立主格（一）： 独立主格结构的构成：     名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词；     名词(代词)+形容词；     名词(代词)+副词；     名词(代词)+不定式；     名词(代词) +介词短语构成。（二） 独立主格结构的特点：1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。3）

2、独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。举例：The test finished, we began our holiday.= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. Weather permitting, we are going to visit you

3、tomorrow.   This done, we went home.The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.He came into the room, his ears red with cold. He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.二 过去完成时1） 概念：表示过去的过去其构成是had +过去分词构成。2） 用法a.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。 She said

4、 (that) she had never been to Paris.b. 状语从句 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本，未能" We had hoped that you would come, but you didn t.3)过去完成时的时间状语before, by, unti

5、l , when, after, once, as soon as。 He said that he had learned some English before. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 典型例题 The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get

6、 a book she _ in the office.  A. had written, leftB，were writing, has left C. had written, had leftD. were writing, had left注意：had no sooner than 刚 就           He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.三 强调结构考试重点：   强调句型的基本形式It is（was

7、）+被强调部分+that（who）；强调句型用来强调状语。一、强调句型的基本形式It is（was）+被强调部分+that（who）。二、强调句型用来强调状语。1、It was in that small room_ they worked hard and dreamed of better days to come.A. whereB. in whichC. whichd. that2、It is because she is very devoted to her students _she is respected by them.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. wh

8、o 3、It was not until she arrived in class _realized she had forgotten her book.A. and sheB. whenC. sheD. that she四 情态动词考试重点：情态动词+完成时情态动词用来表示能力、允许、许诺、可能、劝告、意愿等概念或态度。情态动词无人称变化，在句子中和动词原形一起构成谓语。根据这几年的考试看，着重测验情态动词接完成时的用法。一、must +现在完成时表示对已发生的事情的一种肯定的猜测。1、Mr. Green _ my letter, otherwise he would have repl

9、ied before now.A. must have received B. must have failed to receive C. must receive D. must fail to receive2、I believe he _ an accident, otherwise he would have arrived on time.A. would have had B. could have had C. should have had D. must have had二、should （ought to ）+完成时表示应该做的事情而没有做，否定式表示不该做的事情做了。含

10、有对过去的动作的责备、批评。1、They have done things they ought _.A. not to do B. not to be done C. not to have done D. not having done2、Im sorry I couldnt get in touch with him before he left, I _ him earlier.A. had a telephoneB. have phoned C. should have phonedD. should be phoned三、could +完成时表示能做的事情而没有做。表示对过去能做而

11、未做的事情感到惋惜，遗憾。1、He could have joined us, but he didnt get our invitation in time.2、I could have passed, but I did not study hard enough.五 虚拟语气 考试重点：虚拟语气的基本形式和用法；if的省略形式；含蓄条件句；以wish（that）引导的表示“愿望”的宾语从句；would rather 引导的从句；以as if, as though 引导的从句；以suggest, advise, insist 等词后引导的宾语从句；It is necessary（impor

12、tant）that引导的主语从句；It is time （that）句型中。一、虚拟语气的基本形式和用法：虚拟（条件）语气中，主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可分为下面三类：1、I would ask George to lend us the money if I _ him.A. had known B. have known C. knew D. know2、Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people _ the same language?A. spoke B. speak C. had spoke

13、n D. will speak3、If Bob_ with us, he would have had a good time.A. would come B. would have come C. had come D. came二、if的省略形式在虚拟条件句中， 如谓语包含were , had, should等词， 则可以把这些词放到主语前面，省略if。1、_ you were busy, I wouldn t have bothered you with my questions.A. If I realized B. Had I realized C. Did I have reali

14、zed that D. As I realized 2、_, I should ask them some questions.A. Should they come to us B. If they come to us C. Were they come to us D. Had they come to us三、含蓄条件句有时一个假设的情况不用条件从句表示，而用其它方式来表示，这样的句子叫含蓄条件句。常用with，without，but for。1、Without your help, we _ so much.A. didnt achieve B. would not have ach

15、ieved C. will not achieve D. dont achieve2、But for the rain, we _ a nice holiday.A. should have B. would have had C. would have D. will have had四、以wish（that）引导的表示“愿望”的宾语从句wish后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，而在虚拟语气中时态的应用类似在非真实条件中从句时态的应用。表示现在或将来的愿望用：主语wish 从句（主语过去时）；表示一个过去没有实现的愿望用：主语wish +从句（主语过去完成时）；1、Peter wishes tha

16、t he _ law instead of literature when he was in college.A. could study B. studied C. had studied D. would studyI didnt go to the party, but I do wish I _ there.A. were B. would be C. had been D. will be五、would rather句子（过去时）1、Id _ you didnt touch that, if you dont mind.A. rather B. better C. happier

17、D. furtherI am too busy these days. I would rather all of you _ next month for a dinner.A. come B. would come C. came D. have come六、以as if，as though引导的从句在as if，as though引导的从句中，如果谈论的是不可能或不真实的情况时，它们所引用的状语从句要用虚拟语气，动词形式和wish 后面的从中动词形式变化相同。1、He talks as if he _ everything in the world.A. knows B. knew C.

18、 had known D. would have known2、You are talking as if you had seen them七、以suggest，advise，insist等词后引导的宾语从句中，从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形，should可以省略。类似的动词有：propose，order，demand，require，request等。1、The doctor advised that Mr. Malan _ an operation right away so as to save his life.A. had B. would have C. have D.

19、 was going to have2、His mother insisted that he _ the coat when going out.A. put on B. puts on C. to put D. putting on 八、It is necessary/important/urgent that引导的主语从句中，从句的谓语动词要用should+原形动词，should可以省略。1、Its desired that she _ to teach us at least twice a week.A. comes B. will come C. come D. may come2

20、、Its urgent that a meeting _ before the final decision is made.A. will be arranged B. must be arranged C. be arranged D. would be arranged九、It is time (that)引导的定语从句中，谓语动词用过去时。1、Its high time we _ something to stop traffic accident.A. do B. will do C. did D. must do 2、Dont you think it is time you _

21、smoking?A. give up B. gave up C. would give up D. should give up六 状语从句在主从句中起状语作用的从句叫状语从句。常见的状语从句有时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、方式、比较、目的、结果。一、时间状语从句常用的连词有：when，whenever（无论什么时候），since，as，until，hardlywhen，no soonerthan，as soon as，before，after，the moment，the minute（一就）1、No sooner had they got the goods covered up _ it

22、 started raining hard.A. whenB. thanC. thenD. after2、She has wanted to become a nurse _ since she was a young girl.A. longB. oftenC. alwaysD. ever二、条件状语从句常用if，unless（除非，如果不），as/so long as只要。1、_ Im mistaken, Ive seen that man before.A. UnlessB. IfC. BecauseD. Provided2、_ you return those books to the

23、 library immediately you will have to pay a fine.A. UntilB. UnlessC. IfD. Provided三、原因状语从句常用：because, as, since。如果表示必然的因果关系，一般用because引入；而since表示一种间接或附带的原因；用as 只是提一下。1、He cannot go to school because he is ill. 2、Everyone likes you as you are both kind and honest. 四、让步状语从句常用though/although，as （尽管），ev

24、en if/though，however，whatever，wherever，whoever，no matter how/what/who等1、In short, _ he lives, a man belongs to some society.A. whateverB. wheneverC. whicheverD. wherever2、_, you must show your ticket to go into the cinema.A. No matter whoever you areB. Whomever you are C. Whoever you are D. No matte

25、r who are you3、_ you disagree with her, her idea is still worth considering.A. Even ifB. If onlyC. Instead ofD. Despite of 4、Young _ he is, he knows what is the right thing to do.A. thatB. asC. althoughD. however五、方式状语从句常用as, just as, as if/though 等词。1、_ was pointed above, this substance can be used

26、 as a substitute.A. ItB. ThatC. WhatD. As2、He talks as if he _ everything in the world.A. knowsB. knewC. had knownD. would have known六、目的状语从句常用so that , in order that, lest （以免， 以防）, in case。1、I wrote it down _ I should forget it.A. in caseB. in case ofC. in order thatD. for fear of2、Ill give you my

27、 phone number, so that you can call me when you arrive here.七、结果状语从句常用sothat, suchthat They are _ students that they all performed well in the nationwide examinations.A. so diligentB. such diligentC. so much diligentD. such very diligent七 主谓一致考试重点：形式上复数、意义单数的名词做主语；动名词、不定式，从句做主语；a number+of+复数名词和the

28、number+of+可数或不可数名词做主语；主语由as well as 等词修饰时的主谓一致；当用and连接的名词前有each，every等修饰时，谓语动词用单数。一、名词physics （物理），maths（数学），news（新闻），means（方法），works（工厂）等一般被认为是形式是复数，意思是单数的名词，它们做主语的时候动词一般用单数形式。 Every means has been tried. 二、动名词、不定式、从句做主语时，谓语动词用单数。When and where the new hospital will be built _ a mystery.A. to remai

29、nB. remainsC. remainD. is remaining三、当主语是a number+of+复数名词时，谓语动词用复数；当主语是the number+of+可数或不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数1、A number of cars _ in front of my house.A. was parkedB. were parkingC. is parkingD. are parked四、当主语由as well as 等词修饰时的主谓一致。当句中的主语后接as well as，along with，together with，including，accompanied by等短语+名词

30、（代词）时，主语与谓语的一致关系不受影响，主语是单数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式时，谓语动词用复数。1、John, along with twenty friends, is planning a party.2、No one but Jane and Tom was there then.五、当用and连接的名词前有each，every等修饰时，谓语动词用单数。当主语是eachand，everyand every，many aand结构时，谓语动词用单数。1、Many a singer and dancer is to attend our evening party.2、In

31、 our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.语法 语法词汇习题(一)1. Water is _ short in many big cities. A. running  B. flowing  C. becoming  D. moving2. Excuse me for _ you with such a small matter.A. troubling  B. taking  C. interrupting  D. m

32、aking3. This morning our water supply was _ because of the cold weather.A. let down  B. cut off  C. taken up  D. brought away4. The market was filled with salted fish, _ the worst smell that you can imagine.A. sending off  B. giving up  C. sending down  D. giving off5.

33、It was because the applicant was too proud _ he failed in the interview.A. therefore  B. that  C. so that  D. so6. Tom used to live in California, _?A. used he  B. did he  C. was he  D. didnt he7. So far there is no proof _ people from other planets do exist.A. whi

34、ch  B. how  C. what  D. that 8. Never before _so highly successful in changing his surroundings.A. man has been  B. man is  C. has man been  D. is man9. _ from the helicopter, the city looks very beautiful.A. Seeing  B. Having seen  C. Seen  D. To see10.

35、The newspapers reported yesterday several _on the boundaries of these two countries.A. incidents  B. happenings  C. events  D. accidents11. Some of the students in his class seem _to do their assignments.A. boring  B. interesting  C. tiring  D. unwilling12. Lets work ha

36、rd to find _to the problem.A. an answer  B. a way  C. a method  D. a solution 13. They have developed techniques which are _ to those used in most factories.A. simpler  B. better  C. superior  D. greater14. At the beginning of this term， our English teacher _a list of b

37、ooks for us to read.A. turned out  B. made out  C. handed in  D. passed on15. Im sorry I have _dictionary. Youd better go to the library.A. not such  B. not such a  C. not a such  D. no such a16. If Mary had not been badly hurt in a car accident, she _in last months mar

38、athon race.A. would participate  B. might participate C. would have participated  D. must participate17. Excuse me, but it is time to have your temperature _.A. taking  B. take  C. taken  D. to take18. Liquids are like solids _they have a definite volume.A. in which

39、60;B. that  C. in that  D. which19. When a friend gave Jim a ticket to the game, he _go.A. couldnt help  B. cannot do but C. couldnt help but  D. just have to20. I was surprised to find his article on such an _topic so _.A. excited; boring  B. exciting; bored C. ex

40、citing; boring  D. excited; bored21. Tom likes _foreign coins.A. gathering  B. assembling  C. collecting  D. accumulating22. Luckily, most sheep _the flood last month.A. endured  B. survived  C. opinion  D. passed23. They thought about the problem for a long time b

41、ut came to no _.A. end  B. result  C. opinion  D. conclusion24. The real trouble _their lack of confidence in their abilities.A. lies in  B. lies on  C. lies about  D. lies off25. The story was so funny that everyone _.A. laughed  B. interested  C. amused 

42、; D. joked26. He _me by two games to one.A. beat  B. conquered  C. gained  D. won27. _, the next problem was how to make a good plan.A. Having made the decision  B. Has the decision been made  C. The decision having been made D. The decision has been made28. The brain i

43、s capable of ignoring pain messages if _to concentrate on other activities.A. it allowed  B. allowed  C. is it allowed  D. allowed it29. The child was sorry _his mother when he arrived at the station.A. to miss  B. having missed  C. missing  D. to have missed30. There i

44、s no point _with him, since he has already made up his mind.A. argue  B. to argue  C. in arguing  D. of arguing 32. _ helping those who are unwilling to help themselves?A. What sense is it about  B. Whats the point of C. Whats the sense with  D. What point is it in33. I

45、ts almost a year since I left my mother. Im really _ seeing her. A. looking back on  B. looking up to C. looking forward to  D. looking out over34. If I found the book, I _ it to you. A. will bring  B. would have brought C. would bring  D. might have brought35. Criticis

46、m and self-criticism is necessary _ it helps us to correct our mistakes. A. in that  B. in time  C. in turn  D. in effect36. The audience is _ at last years concert. A. much more than that  B. much larger than that  C. much larger than  D. large enough than37. It occurr

47、ed to her that she might _ a homeless child. A. adapt  B. adopt  C. adjust  D. admit38. He works too hard. Thats _ is wrong with him. A. how  B. where  C. why  D. what39. All _ is peace and progress. A. what is needed  B. which is needed C. that is needed 

48、0;D. for our needs40. People cannot close their eyes to the facts _. A. no longer  B. not any longer C. any longer  D. not longer语法 语法词汇习题(二)1. _ born in China, the boy was brought up in the USA.A. Although        B. Since    

49、0;   C. As          D. When2. _ is known to all, haste makes waste. A. What      B. That          C. As       D. Which3. That is the very old wom

50、an _ house was burned down last night.A. which      B. her         C. of whom           D. whose4. Hardly had he finished his speech _ the audience started cheering.A. than  &

51、#160;      B. then         C. when        D. as soon as5. _ the book, he found out some answers to this question.A. As he reading         B. At his readingC. As

52、 reading            D. On reading6. The spacecraft will send back _ on surface winds and temperatures.A. many new information              B. some new information   

53、           C. a new information              D. a few new information7. The reason for my refusal is _ youre unreliable.A. because       B. that  

54、;          C. due to         D. for8. He came all the way to China for promoting friendship _ for making money.A. other than      B. instead    C. apart from   

55、 D. rather than9. If you dont mind, I _ do my homework than play cards with you.A. had better     B. would rather        C. prefer     D. would like10. No one, except his two best friends,  _ where he is.A. know 

56、60;       B. to know       C. knows         D. knowing11. _, you would have seen your favorite movie star.A. If you arrived earlier           B. If yo

57、u had arrived earlierC. Unless you arrived earlier       D. Unless you had arrived earlier12. The drivers carelessness _the death of three passengers.A. resulted from    B. resulted in     C. came across    D. came about

58、13. In England,tea_with milk and sugar.A. is serving     B. is served       C. serves     D. served14. Written in great haste,_.A. the secretary made a lot of mistakes in the reportB. there were a lot of mistakes in the reportC. w

59、e found a lot of mistakes in the report                          D. the report was full of mistakes15. Its suggested that each one of us_the training classes for English.

60、A. takes part in          B. take part inC. took part in           D. would take part in16. The only thing _interests me is the progress of my students.A. what       

61、0; B. that         C. which         D. it17. People do not realize the importance of good health _ they have lost it.A. until          B. when     

62、60;    C. since          D. as18. If there were no homework at weekends, students would have _at home.A. the happiest time           B. much happiest timeC. a more happier time  &#

63、160;     D. a much happier time19. The reason he won the election is _he is honest and confident of himself.A. why          B. what           C. that      

64、    D. which20. Mr. and Mrs. Brown _ a small restaurant in China Town in New York.A. serve           B. start         C. open          D. run21. He cannot _ a car, for he doesnt earn that much money.A. obtain          B. get           C. deserve          D. afford22. It was in 1949_the