简单句五大基本句型（课堂PPT）

1、1简单句简单句的基本句型的基本句型2英语句子的种类英语句子的种类(按结构）按结构）简单句简单句 (simple sentence)并列句并列句 (compound sentence)复合句复合句 (complex sentence)3主主语语谓谓语语宾语宾语宾语宾语宾补宾补表语表语宾语宾语(间)宾语宾语(直直)Vt（及物动词及物动词）系动词Vi（不及物动词不及物动词）简单句（简单句（Simple SentencesSimple Sentences）就是只包含就是只包含一个主谓结构一个主谓结构的句子的句子英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由简单句的五英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由简单句的五种基

2、本句型种基本句型组合、扩展、变化组合、扩展、变化而来的而来的,只要把这些基只要把这些基本句型弄清楚本句型弄清楚,你就会游刃有余了你就会游刃有余了42.A crane eats fish.3.A Swan has a long thin neck.4.A swallow has a forked tail. 1.A golden eagle is flying.Subject(主语主语)S 动作发出者动作发出者Verb（谓语）（谓语）V 动作本身动作本身Direct Object（宾语）（宾语）DO 动作承受者动作承受者1. S + V 主语主语+谓语谓语 主谓结构主谓结构2. S + V +

3、O 主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语Vi 不及物动词不及物动词 后面没有宾语后面没有宾语Vt 及物动词及物动词 后面必须有宾语后面必须有宾语5SV和和SVO的注意点的注意点1.They are running.2.Jim can draw.3.The baby pandas drink milk.4.We will read English.run draw vi.(不及物不及物 动词）动词）drink read vt.（及物动词）及物动词）注意注意: 1.谓语谓语(V)具有各种不同时态具有各种不同时态;进行时；情态动词；现在时；进行时；情态动词；现在时； 以及将来时以及将来时2. 在句中先找主语

4、在句中先找主语 subject 再找谓语部分再找谓语部分如是不及物动词，其后不能直接加宾语如是不及物动词，其后不能直接加宾语如是及物动词，其后必须有宾语。如是及物动词，其后必须有宾语。其后有没有宾语是其后有没有宾语是S+V和和S+V+O判断标志判断标志 3. 如果对宾语提问使用疑问词如果对宾语提问使用疑问词what. 1. S + V1. S + V + OWhat do the baby pandas drink?What will we read?6动词动词 + to do: learn/prepare/would like/need/have/ try /want/hope/plan/a

5、gree/choose/decide这就是我们常见的这就是我们常见的 动词动词+ to do 句型句型动词动词 + doing sth:mind/finish/practise这就是我们常见的这就是我们常见的 动词动词+ doing 句型句型动词动词 + 宾语从句宾语从句: think/believe/ be sure/be afraid /say/ know/find The government wants to protect the endangered birds.SVOI will finish doing homework soon.SVOI think that you can

6、 do the job.SVO7I like the golden eagle.It has a hooked beak.It looks strong.It is lovely.SSSSVVlinking verbs(系动词)DODOP（表语（表语)PredicativeV1. S + V(lv) + P 主语主语+ 谓语谓语(系动词系动词) + 表语表语系动词系动词表语表语表语表语:表示表示主主语语是什么是什么(身身份份)或者或者怎么怎么样样(处于什么处于什么状态状态)be (am is are was were) / seem / keep /是是/好象好象(似似乎乎)是是/保持保持lo

7、ok / feel / taste / smell / sound / 看看/感觉感觉/尝尝/闻闻/听起来听起来(上去上去)become / turn / get / grow / 变得变得8常见的连系动词常见的连系动词 1.表示表示感觉感觉的动词的动词5个个-翻译为翻译为 起来起来feel感到感到 excited; smell good; taste delicious;sound interesting; look happy2.表示表示变化变化的动词：有固定的搭配的动词：有固定的搭配get smaller; grow older; become stronger; turn yellow

8、; go bad; come true3.表示表示状态保持状态保持的动词：的动词：stay healthy; keep warm; remain保持保持be (am,is.are,was,were)是是 ；seem似乎似乎必须是这三类专门的词，而且必须表达这个特殊必须是这三类专门的词，而且必须表达这个特殊的含义时才是系动词。的含义时才是系动词。91 The man is in the park.2 He looks kind.3 He is a kind man.4 The singing of birds sounds beautiful.5 The world will become be

9、tter.lvlvlvlvlvP（介词短语）（介词短语）P（adj）P(adj)P（n名词短语）名词短语）P(adj形容词比较级形容词比较级)表语表语 P成分可以是成分可以是形容词，名词，介词短语形容词，名词，介词短语(形名介形名介)10 She often laughs.2. She is laughing now. 3. She will laugh soon.4. She is singing happily. She is singing a song. She is a singer. She is happy.(S + V+O)(S + V)(S + V)(S + V)(S + V

10、)区分进行时态和区分进行时态和SVP中中lv是是Be动词的情况动词的情况注意注意: 1 现在进行时现在进行时的谓语与主的谓语与主系表结构系表结构有区别有区别:关键要看关键要看be动词后接的是动词后接的是实义动词实义动词ing形式形式还是还是表语表语(形名介形名介).(S + V+P)Happily adv修饰动词修饰动词sing viA song 是名词做宾语是名词做宾语 sing vta singer 名词表语名词表语 happy 形容词表语形容词表语一般现在时一般现在时现在进行时现在进行时一般将来时一般将来时谓语谓语(V)具有各种不同时态具有各种不同时态11We call the man

11、David.a zookeeperSVDOOC(宾补宾补)Object ComplementSVDOOCSVDOOCI make him angry.He tells us to protect the birdsDavid S + V + DO + OC 主主 +谓谓 + 宾宾+宾补宾补12We call the man DavidDOOC1 仅仅使用主谓宾无法说明完整句意仅仅使用主谓宾无法说明完整句意必须添加补足语补充说明宾语情况必须添加补足语补充说明宾语情况判断标准是在判断标准是在DO和和OC中间可否加中间可否加be动词动词 S + V + DO + OC 主主 +谓谓 + 宾宾+宾补句

12、型宾补句型the manis就是是否存在逻辑就是是否存在逻辑上的主系表关系上的主系表关系David此处为此处为 名词宾补名词宾补可接名词宾补的动词有可接名词宾补的动词有call/elect/name/find13I makehimangryDOOC1 仅仅使用主谓宾无法说明完整句意仅仅使用主谓宾无法说明完整句意必须添加补足语补充说明宾语情况必须添加补足语补充说明宾语情况判断标准是在判断标准是在DO和和OC中间可否加中间可否加be动词动词 主主 +谓谓 + 宾宾+宾补句型宾补句型 简称简称 主谓宾补主谓宾补Heis就是是否存在就是是否存在逻辑上的主系表关系逻辑上的主系表关系此处为此处为 形容词宾

13、补形容词宾补可接可接 形容词宾补的动词有形容词宾补的动词有keep/make/find14We often findhimin the zooDOOC1 仅仅使用主谓宾无法说明完整句意仅仅使用主谓宾无法说明完整句意必须添加补足语补充说明宾语情况必须添加补足语补充说明宾语情况判断标准是在判断标准是在DO和和OC中间可否加中间可否加be动词动词 主主 +谓谓 + 宾宾+宾补句型宾补句型 简称简称 主谓宾补主谓宾补Heis就是是否存在就是是否存在逻辑上的主系表关系逻辑上的主系表关系此处为此处为 介短宾补介短宾补可接可接 介短宾补的动词有介短宾补的动词有keep/see/notice/find15He

14、 tellsusto protect the birdsDOOC1 仅仅使用主谓宾无法说明完整句意仅仅使用主谓宾无法说明完整句意必须添加补足语补充说明宾语情况必须添加补足语补充说明宾语情况就是我们常见的就是我们常见的 动词动词+ sb + to do 词组词组 主主 +谓谓 + 宾宾+宾补句型宾补句型 简称简称 主谓宾补主谓宾补此处为此处为 带带to的动词不定式做宾补的动词不定式做宾补16He tells us to protect the birds.常见的可接常见的可接带带to不定式不定式宾补的动词有：宾补的动词有：tell,ask,want,would like,wish,teach,i

15、nvite V + O + OC (V sb to do sth)My deskmate often makes me laugh.常见的可接常见的可接不带不带to不定式不定式当宾补的动词有：当宾补的动词有：一感二听三让五看一感二听三让五看” feel,/ hear, listen to, / let, make, have, /look at, see, , watch, notice, observeV + O + OC (V sb do sth)He keeps me waiting.常见的可接常见的可接动词动词-ing形式形式作宾补的动词有：作宾补的动词有：Keep 和和 see,he

16、ar,feel,watch,findV + O + OC (V sb doing sth)17 I often hear David _ when I stay at home, but yesterday I was very angry because I heard him _ in his room at midnight. A sing; sang B singing; singing C sing; singing D sing; singC感官类动词用动词原形和动词感官类动词用动词原形和动词-ing形式做宾补形式做宾补 含义不同含义不同18He spoke loudly to m

17、ake himself heard.常见的可接常见的可接动词动词-ed形式形式作宾补的动词有：作宾补的动词有：Have, make, get,see,hear,feel,watch,findV + O + OC (V sb done)Can you hear someone playing basketball next door?He came home at midnight and found his money stolen.V sb doneV sb doing sth191 I find you clever.2 We will make our country stronger

18、and stronger.3 They can keep the zoo clean.4 Parents wish their children to study hard.5 We often make the teachers help us.DODODODODOOC (adj)OC 形容词形容词 比较级比较级OC adjOC to do 不定式不定式OC 动词原形动词原形常考的主谓宾补句型：常考的主谓宾补句型：20一个非常特殊的句型一个非常特殊的句型I found it interesing to learn English.SVDOOCDO形式宾语形式宾语真正宾语真正宾语动词（动词（m

19、ake/feel/find/consider/think)+ it + 宾补宾补 + 真正宾语真正宾语I felt it useful to learn English.21 we shouldnt give any food.the birdsSVDO（直接宾语（直接宾语) Direct objectIO(间接宾语间接宾语)Indirect ObjectHe tells me some rules. IOVSDOsb. Sth. S + V + IO + DO 主主 +谓谓 + 间宾间宾+直宾句型直宾句型22I passHe boughthima bookhis sona present.I

20、ODOIODOtofor双宾语结构中有两个宾语，判断标准是双宾语结构中有两个宾语，判断标准是可否将两个宾语顺序替换并加介词可否将两个宾语顺序替换并加介词to/for S + V + IO + DO 主语主语+谓语谓语+直接宾语直接宾语+间接宾语间接宾语加to: bring/ give/ offer/ pass/ show/ sell/ tell/ send/ lend/ return/ hand加for: buy/ choose/ draw/ make/ order/ paint/ sing/ save 233 Many boys are running.1 I feel excited.4

21、He gave Tom a present.5 I find it interesting.6 Music sounds beautiful.7 I am a student.8 She bought a pen for me.9 I saw her dance.2 They are watching TV.主语主语+ 谓语谓语(系动词系动词) + 表语表语主语主语+谓语（及）谓语（及）+宾语宾语主语主语+谓语（不及物）谓语（不及物）主主 +谓谓 + 间宾间宾+直宾句型直宾句型主主 +谓谓 + 宾宾+宾补宾补主语主语+ 谓语谓语(系动词系动词) + 表语表语主语主语+ 谓语谓语(系动词系动词)

22、 + 表语表语主主 +谓谓 + 间宾间宾+直宾句型直宾句型主主 +谓谓 + 宾宾+宾补宾补10. I call him LiMing.主主 +谓谓 + 宾宾+宾补宾补2411. She spoke very softly. 12. He bought a T-shirt. 13. Jay named his dog Bobby. 14. She looks lovely.主语主语+谓语（不及物）谓语（不及物）主语主语+谓语（及）谓语（及）+宾语宾语主主 +谓谓 + 宾宾+宾补宾补主语主语+ 谓语谓语(系动词系动词) + 表语表语25常考的主谓宾补句型：请找出宾补常考的主谓宾补句型：请找出宾补1

23、 We name our city Yangzhou.2 The students make Daniel monitor.3 Everyone should make the classroom clean.4 Millie found the movie very interesting.5 I left the book at home.6 They finally found the pen under the book.267 My teacher let the boy stand an hour.8 I heard him sing a song last night.9 I w

24、atch our team playing football.10 I heard him singing at 12 last night.11 My mother keeps me waiting an hour.12 We saw Kitty dancing at that moment.13 I would like/want you to do a bird count.14 Mr. Tang teaches me how to read a book.27练习练习:下列句子分别属于哪一基本句型下列句子分别属于哪一基本句型A . 主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语B . 主语主语+谓语

25、谓语C .主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语D .主语主语+谓语谓语+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语E .主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语( )1. The flower smells sweet .( )2. I visited my teacher last Sunday .( )3. They are dancing .( )4. Mrs. Black helped his son brush his teeth .( )5. Jenny bought a watch for him.28( )6. His mother sent him a new watch .( )

26、7. I often hear her sing in the next room. ( )8. The girl opened the door .( )9. Mary and Lynn live in Taiyuan .( )10. She looks like her mother .( )11. You should study hard .( )12. The children play football on the playground every afternoon.29( )13. The weather is getting warmer and warmer .( )14

27、. We painted the wall white .( )15. He asked me to go swimming with him .( )16. On Sunday many people have a walk in the park.( )17. Miss zhang has taught us maths for two years .( )18. Tom and John are the best students in our class.( )19. He did everything to help the poor .( )20. She asked me my

28、telephone number .Has taught maths to us30 易考的混淆点易考的混淆点 一一 The food tastes _(delicious). S + V(lv) + P I will taste the food _ (good). S + V(Vt) + O His father looked _ (angry) S+V(lv) + P His father looked _ (angry) at him. S + V(Vi+介词介词) + Odeliciouswellangryangrily1 三类专门词，而且表达这种特殊含义才是系动词。三类专门词，而且

29、表达这种特殊含义才是系动词。 有的词具备多种含义所以具备多种词性有的词具备多种含义所以具备多种词性31 易考的混淆点易考的混淆点 一一 1 He looks _ because his son is looking _ at the bird.A happy,happily B happily, happilyC happily, happy D happily, happy_, he can stay in Hongkong for two days. However, after he heard good news, he stayed very _.A Luckily; calm B Lucky; calmC Lucky; calmly D Luckily; calmlyA1 三类专门词，而表达特殊的含义才是系动词。三类专门词，而表达特殊的含义才是系动词。 有的词具备多种含义所以具备多种词性有的词具备多种含义所以具备多种词性A32 易考的混淆点易考的混淆点 二二 1 The food tastes _ A good B well 2 We should stay _ during the earthquake. A calm B c