上海牛津英语8B-U6学习辅导材料

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上上海牛津英语8B U6学习辅导材料词语辨析1。neat, tidy neat 指令人赏心悦目的整齐和有序的状态，例如：a neat room 整洁的房间，neat hair 整齐的头发The whole region is covered with neat rows of new building.整个区域覆盖着整齐的新楼房。 tidy 强调考究的布置和次序。例如： When she saw me come in tidy and well dressed, she even smiled. 当她看到我穿着整洁，服装考究地进来时，她甚至笑了。2。used to do

2、 sth., be used to do sth., be used to doing sth. 这三个结构非常容易混淆。 （1）used to do sth. 表示过去常常做某事，而现在这件事情已经不再继续了。例如： My father used to smoke a lot until the doctor told him there was a lung problem with him. 我爸爸过去吸烟很厉害，直到医生告诉他，他的肺部出了问题。 （2）be used to do sth. 是被动语态，表示“被用来做什么”的意思。例如： Plastic can be used to m

3、ake all kinds of things. 塑料可以被用来制成各种各样的东西。 （3）be used to doing sth. 表示“习惯于、适应于”的意思。例如： The Smiths are used to living in Shanghai now. 斯密斯一家已经习惯住在上海的生活了3。try doing sth., try to do sth. try doing sth. 表示“尝试做某事”， 例如： Please try working on this computer. Dont worry if you cant. 请试着操作这台电脑，不会用也不必担心。 We tr

4、ied working out the problem in another way. 我们试图用另一种方法解出这道题。 try to do sth. 表示“努力做某事”，例如： I tried to describe what I saw on the scene to the police. 我努力向警方描述我在现场所看到的一切。Please try to work on this computer. 请尽力操作好这台电脑。4。go on to do sth., go on doing sth. go on to do sth. 表示“继续去做（另一件事）”，例如：After he fin

5、ished his homework, he went on to read China Daily. 他完成作业后，接着读中国日报。After he finished doing his homework, he went on to watch TV. 他做完作业后，接着去看电视了。 go on doing sth. 表示“继续做某事（与原来相同的事）”，例如：He relaxed for a while and went on writing the report. 他休息一会后继续写报告。5。go abroad, go aboard go abroad 是“到国外去”的意思，例如：No

6、wadays, many young students choose to go abroad to further their studies. 现今很多青年学生选择去国外继续深造。 Go aboard 是“上船，上车，上飞机”的意思。例如：He went aboard hurriedly and left his bag on the bench. 他匆匆忙忙地上了船（车，飞机），把包忘在长凳上了。6。be familiar to, be familiar with be familiar to 表示“为. 所熟知”，例如： The song is familiar to us. 这是一首

7、我们熟知的歌。Chinese music isnt very familiar to the Europeans. 欧洲人对中国音乐不是很熟悉。Jinmao Tower is familiar to the people in Shanghai. 金茂大厦为上海人所熟悉。 be familiar with 表示“熟悉”，例如：Im not very familiar with the botanical names. 我不太熟悉植物学方面的名称。常用搭配1。remind sb. of sth. 令某人想起某物，例如： This reminds me of last year. 这使我想起去年的

8、事。This pen always reminds me of Rome, because I bought it there. 这支钢笔总让我回忆起罗马，因为它是我在那儿买的。 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事，例如：Remind me to write to my mother, please. 请提醒我给妈妈写信。2。in addition 另外；并且；除此之外，例如：I met some friends and other people in addition. 我会见了我的朋友，除此之外还有其他的一些人。In addition, he is good at

9、drawing. 并且，他还擅长画画。 注意： 当我们需要表示“除.外”的含义时，也可以用in addition to, 相当于as well as.例如：She speaks five foreign languages in addition to English. = She speaks five foreign languages as well as English. = She speaks five foreign languages expect English. 除英语外，她还会说五种外语。3。now that 既然；由于（众所周知的原因），例如；Now that the

10、children have left home, we can move to a smaller house. 既然孩子们都已经搬离了我们的家，我们也可以搬到一套小一点的房子去了。Now that you mention it, I do remember. 既然你说了，我就会记住的。Now that youve grown up, you must stop this childish behaviour. 既然你已经长大，那么你就应该改掉这些幼稚的行为。4。think about doing sth. 考虑做某事， 例如：Im thinking about playing tennis

11、this afternoon. 我正在考虑今天下午打网球。Why dont you thinking about going to the USA for your holidays?你为什么不考虑一下到美国去度假呢？（也可以用think of 来代替think about。）5。go for a holiday 去度假， go for 后常常加名词，表示“去做某事”，常见的词组还有：go for a swim 去游泳；go (out ) for a walk 去散步；go (out) for a picnic/barbecue 去野餐/去烧烤。6。be excellent for 非常适合于

12、 例如：This court is excellent for playing tennis. 这个场地非常适合于打网球。France is excellent for travelling. 法国非常值得去旅游。7。such as 例如；诸如 例如：I need a reference book such as a dictionary. 我需要一本参考书，诸如字典之类的。Fatty foods such as French fries are bad for your health. 像薯条这样的高脂食品对你的健康有害。People grow crops, such as wheat an

13、d sunflowers in this area.人们在这个区域里种植小麦和向日葵这样的庄稼。8。the same .as 与.一样 例如：He is the same age as his sister because they are twins. 他与他姐姐是同龄的，因为他们是双胞胎。The shirt is the same size as that one. 这件衬衣的尺寸与那件是一样的。9。enable sb. to do sth. 使某人有能力作谋事 例如：A birds wings enable it to fly. 鸟的翅膀使鸟能飞。This dictionary enab

14、les you to understand English words. 这本辞典使你能理解英语词汇。重 点 句 子1. France is calling. 法国正在向您召唤！动词call有如下的含义：召唤，号召。例如：Can you call everybody in for lunch? 你能把大家都叫进来吃饭么?喊，嚷：例如：“Breakfast is ready”, She called. 吃早饭了，她喊了一声。请来。例如：He was so ill that we had to call the doctor. 他病得很重，我们只好把大夫请来了。取名，把叫做。例如：They cal

15、led the baby Simon. 他们为这个孩子取名叫西蒙。打电话。例如：Ill call you later. 我晚点打电话给你。【常见搭配】：be called 名字叫做。例如：Whats your teacher called? 你们老师怎么称呼?Shes called Mrs Gray. 我们叫她格雷太太。call somebody back 给某人回电话。例如：I cant talk now- Ill call you back later. 我现在说话不方便-待会儿再给您回电话吧。call for somebody 顺路到某人家约之同行。例如：Rose often calls

16、 for me in the morning and we walk to school together.罗斯常常在早上找我一起步行去上学。call in 访问，拜访。例如：Ill call in to see you this evening. 我今天晚上去探望您。call off 取消原计划，放弃原计划。例如：We called off the race because it was raining. 因为下雨，我们取消了这场比赛。2. Now that winter is behind us, many people are starting to think about going

17、abroad for the summer holidays. 既然冬天已经过去，许多人开始计划暑假去国外旅游。（1）now that 由于，既然。相当于because of the fact that. 例如：Now that the children have left home, we can move to a smaller house.既然孩子们都已经从家里搬出去了，我们也可以搬到一套小一点的房子去了。【注意】：now that通常用来表示众所周知的原因，而非because那样可能表示比较深层次的或隐含的原因。例如：Now that you mention it, I do rem

18、ember. 既然你说了，我就会记住的。Now that you have grown up, you must stop this childish behavior. 既然你已经长大了，那么你就应该改掉这种幼稚的行为。（2）start to do sth. 开始做，着手做例如：After waiting for an hour, the clients started to complain.等了一个小时之后，顾客们开始抱怨了。She started to play the piano when she was five years old. 她五岁开始学弹钢琴。【注意】：我们同样也可以说

19、成start doing sth. 例如：They started planting trees in the school garden at 9 oclock this morning.他们今天上午9点开始在学校花园里种树。（3）think about doing sth.  考虑做例如：Im thinking about playing tennis this afternoon. 我正在考虑今天下午打网球。Why dont you think about going to the USA for your holidays?你为什么不考虑一下去美国度假呢? 【注意】：thin

20、k about 可以用think of 来代替。abroad 相当于 in/ to another country. 意为：在海外，往国外。由于abroad 是个副词，表示“在/到国外”时，前面不能加介词。例如：Mary goes abroad for her holidays every year. 玛丽每年都出国度假。My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting.我弟弟以前从未出过国，所以他觉得这次旅行十分令人兴奋。overseas（国外）是其同义词，home（在本国）是其

21、反义词。go abroad 意为：出国，去国外。3. This year, why not spread your wings and visit France? 今年，何不走远一些到法国去呢?（1）why not 为何不why not, why dont you 与what about 这三个句式是可以相互转换的。例如：Why not start the meeting at once? 为何不现在就开会?Why dont you start the meeting at once? 为何不现在就开会?What about starting the meeting at once? 现在就开

22、会，如何?（2） spread ones wings 是个俚语，相当于start to fly，travel more widely，go somewhere further away than normal. 意为：展翅高飞。4. The centre of France is a big, agricultural region, growing crops such as wheat and sunflowers, 法国中部是广阔的农业区，种植小麦和向日葵等农作物,agriculture（n.） 农业 agricultural (adj.) 农业的（1）such as 是：例如，诸如的意

23、思。例如：Fatty food such as French fries are bad for your health. 像薯条这样的高脂食品对你的健康有害。People grow crops, such as wheat and sunflowers in this area. 这个地区种植如小麦和向日葵这样的庄稼。【词义辨析】：for example, such as 和like上述三个词都有：例如的意思。for example 作“例如”讲的时候，一般指以同类事物或人中的“一个”为例，作插入语，用逗号隔开，可置于句首，句中，句末。例如：A lot of things are invis

24、ible in the world. For example, air is invisible. 世界上许多东西是肉眼看不见的。例如，空气就是看不见的。He, for example, is a good student. 例如，他就是个好学生。such as 用来列举同类人或事物中的若干个例子。例如：Some of the European languages come from Latin, such as French, Italian and Spanish.有些欧洲语言来源于拉丁语系，例如，法语，意大利语和西班牙语。Boys such as John and James are v

25、ery friendly. 像约翰和詹姆斯这样的男孩都很友好。【注意】：such as 的后面没有逗号。like 也常常用来表示举例，可与such as 互换。但such as用于列举时可以分开使用，此时不可以与like 互换。例如：Some warm-blooded animals, like/such as the cat, the dog or the wolf, do not need to hibernate. 一些温血动物，如猫，狗和狼都不需要冬眠。He has several such reference books as dictionaries and handbooks.他

26、有几本像字典，手册之类的参考书。（2）growing crops such as wheat and flowers 在句子中是现在分词短语作后置定语，用于修饰之前的region。因此，本句也可以用定语从句来表示：The centre of France is a big, agricultural region which grows crops such as wheat and sunflowers. 重点词组：1. now that 既然，由于（众所周知的原因） 2. think about doing sth. 考虑做3. go abroad for the summer

27、holidays出国去过暑假 4. why not 为何不 5.go on forever一望无际 6.seem to 看上去7.（be） covered with被所覆盖 8.used to do sth.  过去常常做9. an hour away from 距离一小时的路程 10. try doing sth.尝试做语 法 知 识一定冠词的意义：the与指示代词this，that同源，有“那（这）个”的意思，但较弱，可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。 1）特指双方都明白的人或物： Take the medicine.把药吃了。 2）上文提到过的人或事： He

28、bought a house.I've been to the house. 他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。 3）指世上独一物二的事物： the sun， the sky， the moon， the earth 4）单数名词连用表示一类事物,如：the dollar 美元; the fox 狐狸；或与形容词或分词连用， 表示一类人：the rich 富人; the living 生者。 5）用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词only，very，same 等前面： Where do you live?I live on the second floor. 你住在哪？我住在二层。 Tha

29、ts the very thing Ive been looking for.那正是我要找的东西。 6）与复数名词连用，指整个群体：They are the teachers of this school.(指全体教师) They are teachers of this school. (指部分教师) 7）表示所有，相当于物主代词，用在表示身体部位的名词前： She caught me by the arm.她抓住了我的手臂。8）用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前： the Peoples Republic of China 中华人民共和国 the United

30、States 美国 9）用在表示乐器的名词之前: She can plays the piano.她会弹钢琴。 10) 用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人： the Greens 格林一家人 (或格林夫妇) 11) 用在惯用语中: in the day, in the morning (afternoon, evening), the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the next morning, in the sky,(water, field, country), in the dark, in the rain, in th

31、e distance, in the middle (of), in the end, on the whole, by the way, go to the theatre二零冠词:1) 国名，人名前通常不用定冠词：England，Mary；2）泛指的复数名词，表示一类人或事物时，可不用定冠词；They are teachers. 他们是教师。3）抽象名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词；Failure is the mother of success.失败乃成功之母。4）物质名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词，当表示特定的意思时，需要加定冠词； Man cannot live without w

32、ater.人离开水就无法生存。 5）在季节、月份、节日、 假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词； We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们从星期一到星期五都上课。 6）在称呼或表示官衔，职位的名词前不加冠词； The guards took the American to General Lee. 士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。7）在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前，不加冠词 如: have breakfast，play chess 8）当两个或两个以上名词并用时，常省去冠词； I cant write without pen or pe

33、ncil. 没有钢笔和铅笔，我就写不了字. 9）当by 与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词； by bus，by train； 10）有些个体名词不用冠词；如: school, college, prison, market，hospital, bed, table, class, town, church, court 等个体名词，直接置于介词后，表示该名词的深层含义（某种行为）； go to hospital 去医院看病 go to the hospital 去医院 (并不是去看病，而是有其他目的)三冠词与形容词+名词结构: 1) 两个形容词都有冠词，表示两个不同东西。 He

34、 raises a black and a white cat. 他养了一只黑猫和一只白猫。 The black and the white cats are hers. 这只黑猫和白猫都是他的。 2) 如后一个形容词无冠词，则指一物。 He raises a black and white cat. 他养了一只花猫。四冠词位置: 1) 不定冠词位置不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。注意： a. 位于下列形容词之后: such, what, many, half 等。例如： I have never seen such an animal. Many a man is fit for the

35、job.b. 当名词前的形容词被副词as, so, too, how, however, enough修饰时，不定冠词应放在形 容词之后： It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent. So short a time. Too long a distance.c. quite, rather与单数名词连用,冠词放在其后。但当rather，quite 前仍有形容词，不定冠词放其前后均可。例如： quite a lot d.在as, though 引导的让步状语从句中,当表语为形容词修饰的名词时不定冠词放形容词后:Brave a man though

36、he is，he trembles at the sight of snakes. 他尽管勇敢，可见到蛇还是发抖。 当名词被比较级形容词修饰时，不定冠词通常置于比较级形容词之后。相 关 练 习 题1. Look, Simon, _ MP3 that I bought last year isnt working properly. A. a B. an C. the D. / 2. Sonia, do you know _ new club in your school? Of course, Im one of its members. A. a B. an C. the D. /3. Th

37、ere is _ apple in our school. A. a B. an C. the D. /4.I looked under _ table and found _ pen I lost yesterday. A. the, a B. the, the C. /, the D. the, /5. Look! There is _ picture on the wall. How nice it is! A. a B. an C. the D. / 6. I think its _ useful advice, so I will always remember it. A. a B

38、. an C. the D. / 7. Jackie Chen is _ great actor, I really like his movies. A. a B. an C. the D. / 8. My brother asked me whether I could spare _ few money. A. a B. an C. the D. / 9. No one knows _ trouble I have seen. A. a B. an C. the D. / 10. Writing letters to _ editor is not easy for all of us.

39、A. a B. an C. the D. / 11. I did my homework for _ hour last night. A. a B. an C. the D. / 12. I was in _ hospital because of my illness and many of my friends went to _ hospital to see me. A. /, the B. a, the C. the, / D. /, a13. People who love _ peace dont like World War Two. A. the B. a C. / D.

40、an 语法专题 连词一. 连词概说: 1. 作用：用来连接词、短语或句子的词。 2. 特点：属于虚词，在句中不重读，不能单独作句子成分。二. 连词的种类: 1. 并列连词：用来连接平行的词、词组或分句 and, but, not onlybut (also), whetheror not, as well as, both and, for, or, otherwise 2. 从属连词：用来引导从句 after, when, where, if, because, as, since, as if, as though, though / although 3. 分词连词：supposing

41、(假设)，provided (倘若)，considering (考虑到) 4. 短语连词：as soon as, in order that, as long as三. 常用连词: 1. 表示并列的连词：and, bothand, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also or, or else(否则,或者), otherwise(否则) 例如： Your father lives and works in Jinan. A man should have both courage and perseverance. Its neither hot in s

42、ummer, nor cold in winter. Hurry up, or else youll miss the last bus. Which do you prefer, fried chicken or fish? 注意 1) 在口语中，常用and连接两个动词表示目的， 相当于不定式。例如：Go and tell him. 2) 在祈使句中，and前面的部分用来表示假设或条件。例如：Try again, and youll succeed. 2. 表示意思转折的连词：but, however, nevertheless, yet 例如： He worked hard, but he

43、 failed at last. Id like to go with you, however, my hand are full. She failed many times, nevertheless, she went on with experiment. 她虽然失败了多次，然而她继续试验去。 This is a glorious yet difficult task.这是一项光荣而艰巨的任务。 3. 表示因果关系的连词：because, for, since, as (既然，因为), therefore, so, etc.1) as引导的从句表示明显为人所知的理由或不如句子其余部分

44、重要，它一般放于句首，也可放在主句之后，常用语口语中，语气较because, since弱。2) because语气最重,引导的原因一般回答why提出的问题,它是句子重心所在,一般位于 句子之后。3) since与as意思相近，语气较as强，也较正式些，一般放在句末，也可放在句首。 4) for是并列连词,所说明的原因只是一种补充说明,它引导的分句一般不能放在句首。例如： Mary was absent, because she was ill. 玛丽因病缺席。 Give the baby to her, for she is the mother.Since youre ill, then

45、you dont have to go to school today. As all the seats were full, she had to stand there for 2 hours. It must have been rained last night, for the ground is wet. Mother is busy, so I often help her. You dont like her, nor / neither do I.It rained, therefore the football match was postponed. 4.其它常用连词：

46、after, although, though, as （当的时候，由于，按照）, as far as(就), asas, before, in order that, till, until, unless, etc.例如： I arrived at the station after the rain had left. Although she was in poor health, she worked hard as everyone else. As far as we know, we shall visit the factory on Tuesday. She didnt c

47、ome back till very late. We all got up early, in order that we might start at 7. We run round the campus every morning, unless it rains. It rained before I finished my homework.四. 连词用法正误巧辩1. Though they were tired, but they kept on learning. Though they were tired, (yet) they kept on learning. They

48、were tired, but they kept on learning.2. She studies very hard in order that she can succeed. She studies very hard in order that she may succeed.3. Neither he norare responsible for the accident. Neither he nor I am responsible for the accident.4. She is neither Korean nor Japanese. She is not eith

49、er Korean or Japanese.5. Both he and I am wrong. Both he and I are wrong.6. Youll catch a cold except you dress warmly. Youll catch a cold unless you dress warmly.7. She is not so honest like you. She is not so honest as you.8. The child prefers to go with his mother than stay here. The child prefer

50、s to go with his mother rather than stay here.语 法 练 习 题一. Complete the sentences with proper words according to the given descriptions in the brackets.（根据括号中所给的单词释义，用适当的单词完成下列句子。）1. Anderson goes a _（to another country）for her holidays every year.2. There is not much a _（connected with farming）land

51、in Hong Kong now.3. Washington D.C. is the c_（the most important city of a country, where the government is）of the United States of America.4. The king built many c_（big buildings usually from hundreds of years ago which are very strong, to keep your enemies out）to control the country.5. Rice and so

52、ya beans are main c_（plants grown for food or for a product）6. What is the d_（the place which you are travelling to ）of that minibus ?It is going to Shanghai Stadium.7. This umbrella e_（allows somebody to do something, makes able/ possible）me to stay dry in the rain.8. There is a h_（very big）amount

53、of work still to be done.9. Charlie Chaplin had a big i_（effect, power to change someones ideas）on films.10. Big Ben is one of the l_（famous places, places which help you find your way if you are lost）on Londons skyline.11. His n_（friendly or funny name ）is Fatty because he always eats.12. She is re

54、sponsible for the organization in the London r_（area, part of a country ）.13. This pen always r_（helps or makes someone remember something）me of Rome, because I bought it there.14. The coach will take you through the most s_（having good scenery and views, good to look at）parts of Beijing.15. I shall

55、 remember that happy day f_（for all time, always）.16. I o_（said or showed that you would do or give something if another person wanted it ）to help her.17. London has many a_（something that people like and feel interested in）, such as Big Ben and Buckingham Palace.18. She is studying the c_（arts, ide

56、as and way of life of a group of people ）of the American Indians.二. 选词填空：1.Sydney is our final _（destination, departure）.2. The _（world, worlds ）population was about 1,700 million at the beginning of the twentieth century.3. There is nothing _（farther, further）to be said.4. She was _（amazed, amazing

57、）that he could finish the work in only ten minutes.5. Sally has been in china for five years, so she _（has got used to, has used to ）the Chinese food.6. What you said_（reminds, remembers ）me of last year. 三. 完形填空：Nearly everybody enjoys chicken, and the most famous name in chicken is Kentucky Fried Chicken. Mr Sanders, the man who started this _1_ was not always very rich. At one time, he _2_ a small gas station next to a highway（公路）. Many truck drivers _3_ ther