1.性质它具有动词的特点,但在句子中起着名词、形容词、

1、1 1性质性质：它具有动词的特点，但在句子中起着名词、：它具有动词的特点，但在句子中起着名词、形容词、副词的作用，充当主语、表语、定语、宾语、形容词、副词的作用，充当主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语的作用，即：宾语补足语、状语的作用，即：除谓语以外的一切成分。除谓语以外的一切成分。非谓语动词非谓语动词2形式形式不定式不定式 相当于名词、形容词、副词。充当主语、宾语、相当于名词、形容词、副词。充当主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语。定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语。动名词动名词 相当于名词充当主语、表语、定语、宾语相当于名词充当主语、表语、定语、宾语.分词分词 相当于形容词、副词。作表

2、语、定语、宾语补相当于形容词、副词。作表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语。足语、状语。 一 动词不定式 The Infinitive (to do )不 定 式 的不 定 式 的 作 用作 用不定式的不定式的时态时态不定式的不定式的语态语态不定式不定式1. 主语主语2. 宾语宾语3. 宾语补足语宾语补足语4. 表语表语5. 定语定语6. 状语状语 1. _( talk ) with him is a great pleasure. 2. _( help ) others is our duty. To talkTo help3. 如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，可以在不定式前如果要说明不定式表示

3、的动作是谁做的，可以在不定式前加一个由加一个由 for for 引起的短语引起的短语, ,构成不定式的复合结构。构成不定式的复合结构。2. 不定式作主语时不定式作主语时,可以用可以用it作形式主语作形式主语.It is our duty to help others4. It is+adj+for sb to do It is+adj+ of sb to do4. It is important _ Tom to get that job. It is kind _ you to help me with my English.forof1不定式作主语：不定式作主语：3.It is easy_

4、 _ (学生读学生读)(adj: kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, stupid, foolish, careless, rude, polite,naughty（修饰人的形容词）（修饰人的形容词）（修饰物的形容词）（修饰物的形容词）1.单个不定式作主语，谓语动词单数单个不定式作主语，谓语动词单数for the students to read.1. Her work is _( look ) after the children.2. My aim is _( go ) to TsingHuaUniversity. 3. She s

5、eemed _( think ) about the problem. 4. They appeared _( agree ) with what we said.to lookto goto thinkto agree2不定式作表语不定式作表语不定式作不定式作be动词的表语时可以和主语部分调换，动词的表语时可以和主语部分调换，说明主语的内容。说明主语的内容。：want, demand, hope, wish, expect,fail, help, offer, manage, pretend, promise, prepare, learn, agree, plan, determine,

6、prefer, intend. 1. They wanted _( get ) on the bus, didnt they?2. He said he wished _( be ) a professor.3. I agreed_ ( go ) there with the doctor.4. He had promised _ ( give ) me a hand.to getto beto goto give3不定式作宾语：不定式作宾语：1.He found _Russian.(study/important)2.The computer makes_(possible/ calcula

7、te faster)如作宾语的不定式有自己的补语，须用先行词如作宾语的不定式有自己的补语，须用先行词 it作作 形式宾语，形式宾语，而将真正的宾语不定式后置。而将真正的宾语不定式后置。 有些及物动词常用不定式作宾语。常见的动词有有些及物动词常用不定式作宾语。常见的动词有it important to studyit possible to calculate faster.句式：句式：Subject+v+it+adj/n+to dothink, find, feel, consider, make1.He seldom comes except _at my pictures.(look)2.

8、We have no choice but _outside.(wait)3.They could do nothing but _for help.(ask)不定式一般不能作介词的宾语，只有在极少数介词如不定式一般不能作介词的宾语，只有在极少数介词如 ：but, except等后才行，此时不定式可带等后才行，此时不定式可带 to 或不带或不带 to。 注意注意to lookto waitask有do没to,有to没do 5看（看（look at, see, watch,notice,observe） 3使（使（make, let, have）；）；2听（听（listen to, hear）；

9、）； 1感觉（感觉（feel）。）。1.The teacher made the boy_( go )out of the classroom2.We observed them_(finish)the work3.He was made_(tell) a story4.Let us_( have) a rest.5.The teacher got the students _(hand )in homework.“吾看三室两厅一感觉吾看三室两厅一感觉”主动语态主动语态 s+v +sb + do .被动语态。被动语态。S+be +v ed+ to doA 1. I didnt want my

10、parents _( help ) me. 2. Wed prefer you _( take ) the job instead of Zhang.B4.不定式作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语.+V+sb to dogohave to hand to tell to help to takefinish let sb do sth get sb to do sth1.He was the first person_to the classroom (come)2. Do you have anything_ ?(say)3. He thought out a plan _ (punish) T

11、om.to say to come to punish 4. We need a room to live5. We have a lot of problems to talk作定语的不定式如是不及物动词，不定式后面须有相应的介词。作定语的不定式如是不及物动词，不定式后面须有相应的介词。5.不定式作定语不定式作定语inabout目的状语还可用目的状语还可用 in order to 或或so as to结果状语还可用结果状语还可用 soas to, suchas to, enough to, tooto, only to等结构来表示等结构来表示1. _(save ) the badly sic

12、k lady, the doctor had an operation on her.2. He hurried to the station only _ ( find ) the train left.不定式在作表语不定式在作表语/ 补语的补语的形容词形容词后面作状语，用主动形式后面作状语，用主动形式表被动意思。表被动意思。This question is difficult _ (answer).Do you think him easy_ (work) with?We find this rule hard _ (remember)6.不定式作状语不定式作状语To save to fi

13、nd作目的、结果要用不定式。作目的、结果要用不定式。 to answer to work to remember主动形式表被动意义的不定式主动形式表被动意义的不定式E.g.: The question is very difficult to answer. The problem is difficult to deal with.主语主语be +adj. +to do 能用于此句型的形容词有：能用于此句型的形容词有：difficult ,easy, comfortable ,fit, hard, pleasant, tiresome(使人疲劳的) ,interesting, nice ,

14、heavy, dangerous, light, important, etc.E.g.: The box is light enough to carry.The river water is warm enough to swim in.主语主语+be +adj. + enough +to doE.g.: The books seemed too heavy to carry. The ice is too thin to skate on.主语主语+be +too +adj. +to do1._ (实话实说实话实说), he doesnt agree with you. 2._（诚实说（

15、诚实说)，I dont like your idea To tell (you) the truthTo be honest3._（首先），（首先）， Beijing is a very beautiful city。7.不定式作独立成分不定式作独立成分To begin with8.不定式与疑问词不定式与疑问词who, which, when, where, who, which, when, where, how, what how, what 等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语，表语，宾语等。主语，表语，宾语等。1.He didnt know what t

16、o say.2.How to solve the problem is important. 3.My question is when to start. 1.I saw him_.(go out)2.I plan to attend the meeting_ tomorrow4.Im sorry _(keep) you waiting.5.The article is said _ (read) by many people. go outto be held3.He pretended _ (sleep)when I came in. to be sleepingto have kept

17、to have been read9.不定式的时态与语态：不定式的时态与语态：1）不定式的）不定式的一般式一般式：不定式表示的动作常与谓语的动作同时不定式表示的动作常与谓语的动作同时（或几乎同时）发生，或在它之后发生。（或几乎同时）发生，或在它之后发生。2）不定式的）不定式的进行式进行式：不定式表示的动作正在进行不定式表示的动作正在进行3）不定式的）不定式的完成式完成式：不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前。不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前。 to do /to be done to be doing to have doneto have been done5.Mrs.Smith warned he

18、r husband_after drinking again and again.A.never to drive B.to never drive C.never driving D.never drive6. To master a foreign language,_.A. a lot of practice is needed B. it needs a lot of practice C. practice is in need of D. one needs a lot of practice 4.Our father often told us in the past that

19、_is believing.A.to see B.seeing C.see D.to be seen1.He gave us some advice on how_ English.A.learning B. learned C. to learn D. learn2. It s a pay day，and they are waiting_.A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to be paid3. - A letter may be too slow. - Why not _ a telegram.A.try sending B.try to send C.to tr

20、y sending D.trying to send巩固练习巩固练习C CDABAD1._is a good of exercise for both the young and the old.A.The walk B.Walking C.To walk D.Walk2.When and where t o bu i ld t he ne w pow e r station_yet.A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided3.Is_necessary to change trains at

21、Beijing?A. thisB. thatC. itD. he4.Our father often told us in the past that _is believing.A.to see B.seeing C.see D.to be seen5.She pretended_the letter I wrote the day before yesterday.A.not to receive B.not receiving C.not to hear from D.having not received6.I cant imagine_that with such a famous

22、author.A.work B.to work C.to be working D.workingNon-infinitive 7.She reached the top of the hill and stopped_on a big rock by the side of the path. A.to have rested B.resting C.to rest D.rest8.Do you consider_any good attempting many scientific experiments? A.there B.it C.this D.that9.Im thirsty. W

23、ould you please give me something_. A.drunk B.to drink C.to be drunk D.for drinking10.There was a terrible noise_the sudden burst of light. A.followed B.following C.to be followed D.being followed11Mrs.Smith warned her husband_after drinking again and again. A.never to drive B.to never drive C.never

24、 driving D.never rive12.They knew her very well.They had seen her_up from childhood. A.grow B.grew C.was growing D.to grow13. Believe it or not, he was seen_upstairs just now. A.to go B.to going C.having gone D.go14.It was so cold that they kept the fire _all night.A. to burn B. burn C. burning D. b

25、urned15.The murderer was brought in ,with his hands _behind his back.A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied16.To master a foreign language,_.A. a lot of practice is needed B. it needs a lot of practiceC. practice is in need of D. one needs a lot of practice17._a reply, he decided to writ

26、e a sixth letter.A. Not receiving B. Not to receive C. Not having received D. Having not received18. Little Jim should love _to the theatre this evening.A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking19. What do you think of the book? Oh, excellent. Its worth _a second time.A. to read B. to be re

27、ad C. reading D. being read20. The library needs _,but itll have to wait until Sunday.A. cleaning B. be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned1. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report .A .to go B .to have gone C .going D .to have been gone 2. Do let your m

28、other know all the truth . She appears _ everything .A .to tell B .to be told C .to be telling D .to have been told 表语表语3. Sandy could do nothing but _ to his teacher that he was wrong .A .admit B .admitted C .admitting D .to admit cant help , cant choose 宾语宾语4. Shell tell us why she feels so strong

29、ly that each of us has a role _ in making the earth a better place .A .to have played B .to play C .to be played D .to be playing 定语定语5. In order to gain a better share in the international market , many state run companies are striving _ their products more competitive .A .to make B .making C .to h

30、ave made D .having made 状语状语He spoke loudly (so as /in order) to be heard .Im too tired to walk any further this afternoon .They jumped with joy to hear the news .He raised his hand as if to take off his hat .Im very glad to see you again. 目的目的结果结果原因原因方式方式修饰修饰6. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont k

31、now what country he studied in .A .to have studied B .to studyC .to be studying D .to have been studying 7. The missing boy was last seen _ near the river .A .to playing B .playing C .to be playing D .to have played 8. All I did was _ him a little push . I didnt mean to harm him .A .give B .given C

32、.giving D .to giving 9. _ is easier than to do .A . Saying B . To sayC . Said D . To having said10. Paul doesnt have to be made _ . He always works hard .A .learn B .to learn C .learned D .learning10 . This book is said _ into many foreign languages .A .to have been translatedB .to have translatedC

33、.to be translatedD .having been translated11 . Are you going to attend the meeting _ next Saturday ?A .holding B .hold C .will be hold D .to be held 12. _ a living , he had to work day and night .A . To make B . Made C . Making D . To have made Exercises1. The man wanted _ (have) a rest.2. The littl

34、e boy likes _ ( answer) questions.3. Mr. Wang taught me _ (play) basketball.4. Would you like _ (join) us?5. The teacher asked him _(be) earlier next time.6. Please come over to my home _ (visit) my parents.to haveto answer/ answeringto playto jointo beto visit7. My watch needs _ (repair).8. He was

35、running _(catch) the bus.9. Li Ping wanted you _(call) him.10. Lets ask him _(turn it down.11. I hope _ (find) a good job.12. He went there _ ( work) as a teacher.13. She wanted _ (do) something _ (keep) herself busy.repairingto catchto callto turnto findto workto doto keepExercise:1. The classroom

36、needs _Aclean Bcleaned Cto clean Dcleaning 2. Im hungryGet me something _Aeat Bto eat CeatingDfor eating3. I havent got a chair _Ato sit Bfor me to sit on Cto sit onDfor sitting DBC4.Ask him to go to the post office _ some stampsAto get Bfor getting Cin order he getsDwhat he gets 5.The patient doesn

37、t like _ nowAate Beat Ceating Dto eat 6.He made a long speech _ his ignorance (无知无知) of the subjectAonly to showBonly showing Cshowing Denough to show ACALast summer I took a course on_.A how to make dressesB how dresses be madeC how to be made dressesD how dresses to be madeIve worked with children

38、 before, so I know what _in my new job.A expected B to expectC to be expecting D expectsThere are five pairs_, but I am at a loss which to buy.A to be chosen B to choose fromC to choose D for choosingThe purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_ it more difficult.A not make B not to makeC

39、. not making D do not makeI would love _to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A to go B having goneC going D to have gone_late in the morning ,Bob turned off the alarm.A To sleep B SleepingC Sleep D Having sleptTom kept quiet about the accidentlose his job.A so not

40、 as to B so as not toC so as to not D not so as toJohn was made _the truck for a week as a punishment.A to wash B washingC wash D to be washingThe light in the office is still on.A turning it off B turn it offC to turn it off D having turned it offThe patient was warned _oily food after the operatio

41、n.A to eat not B eating notC not to eat D not eatingIts said that the Olympic Games _in Beijing in 2008 will cover more events than any other Olympics did.A holding B to be held C held D to be holdingWill you please tell me why you had no pen _in class, Kate?A to have written B to be written withC t

42、o have been written D to write withI find these problems are easy_.A to be worked out B to work them outC to work out D to be worked them outYesterday a street-beggar bought a lottery ticket purposelessly,_ him a millionaire overnight.A making B makesC to make D madeShe cant help _the house because

43、shes busy making a cake.A to clean B cleaningC cleaned D being cleaned!,Mother asked me _at home .(stay)2,Lets _a rest.( have)3,I saw him_a book. (drop)4,He found it very difficult _to sleep. (get )5,She went to the USA_English. (learn)6,I have much homework _.(do)7,I am sorry _you. (trouble)8,He sp

44、ent 2 hours _his bike. (mend)9,Mother taught me _and _.(read, write)10,she is old enough _to school. (go)11,He will tell me before he _ .(leave)你学会了吗你学会了吗?to stayhavedropto getto learnto doto troublemendingto readwriteto goleaves1,Is he sure _here on time tomorrow? A. being B. come C. to come D. com

45、ing2,I will try _the pen _quickly. A. to use, writing B. to use, to write C,to use, write3,It was the first newspaper _on train. A. to sell B. selling C. sold4,There are 20 more trees _. A. plant B. are planted C. to be planted5,I dont know _. A, what to do it B, how to do C, how to surf6,Jim asked

46、me _to China. A, where to go B, what to bring C, when to bringCBCCCB1, He stopped smoking. He _ _ _.2,Could you tell me how I can get to the station?(变简单句变简单句) Could you tell me how _ _to the station?3,He is very happy that he sees his wife. He is very happy _ _ his wife.4,I dont know where I shall

47、go this Sunday. (变简单句变简单句) I dont know where _ _ this Sunday.gave up smokingto getto seeto goLast summer I took a course on_.A how to make dresses B how dresses be madeC how to be made dresses D how dresses to be madeIve worked with children before, so I know what _in my new job.A expected B to expe

48、ctC to be expecting D expectsThere are five pairs_, but I am at a loss which to buy.A to be chosen B to choose fromC to choose D for choosingThe purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_ it more difficult.A not make B not to makeC. not making D do not makeI would love _to the party last n

49、ight but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A to go B having goneC going D to have gone_late in the morning ,Bob turned off the alarm.A To sleep B SleepingC Sleep D Having sleptTom kept quiet about the accidentlose his job.A so not as to B so as not toC so as to not D not so as toJohn was

50、made _the truck for a week as a punishment.A to wash B washingC wash D to be washingThe light in the office is still on.A turning it off B turn it offC to turn it off D having turned it offThe patient was warned _oily food after the operation.A to eat not B eating notC not to eat D not eatingIts sai

51、d that the Olympic Games _in Beijing in 2008 will cover more events than any other Olympics did.A holding B to be held C held D to be holdingWill you please tell me why you had no pen _in class, Kate?A to have written B to be written withC to have been written D to write withI find these problems ar

52、e easy_.A to be worked out B to work them outC to work out D to be worked them outYesterday a street-beggar bought a lottery ticket purposelessly,_ him a millionaire overnight.A making B makesC to make D madeShe cant help _the house because shes busy making a cake.A to clean B cleaningC cleaned D be

53、ing cleaned 二 动名词Gerund动词的动词的-ing现在分词现在分词 动名词动名词在句中可以做：在句中可以做： 主语主语，表语，表语，宾语宾语， 补语，定语和状语补语，定语和状语千万要注意千万要注意V-ing形式的规则哟！形式的规则哟！不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，可以有自己的宾语和状语。还有时态和语态的变化可以有自己的宾语和状语。还有时态和语态的变化。一：简介一：简介 v+ing 时时 态态 和和 语语 态态 类 别 及及 物物动动 词词不及物动词不及物动词形式主主 动动被被 动动主主 动动一般式 doing being done do

54、ing 完成式 having donehaving been donehaving done作主语作主语1)学习新单词对我来说非常重要。学习新单词对我来说非常重要。 _ is very important for me2)说比做容易。说比做容易。_ is easier than doing.Learning new wordsTalking3) 和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。_ with ShylockIt is useless trying to argue用形式主语用形式主语it，把真正的主语，把真正的主语动名词结构移置句尾。动名词结构移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一

55、定的限制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词名词，如如useful，useless，good，fun；no use，a waste of等。等。如：如：动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。1作主语作主语. 动名词作主语时，句子有三种形式：动名词作主语时，句子有三种形式：1)这种事开不得玩笑。这种事开不得玩笑。 Here is _ about such matter.2)无法知道他什么时候离开。无法知道他什么时候离开。 There was _ when he would leave. 作主语作主语no joki

56、ngno knowing在在there be结构中作主语，这种结构的意思相当结构中作主语，这种结构的意思相当于于“It is impossible to do ” 如如 There is no doing：一、一、V-ing 做主语做主语_(play)with fire is dangerous.Be careful! _(play)with fire will be dangerous.to do or v-ing?PlayingTo play_(swim)is good for our health._(swim)in this river is not allowedSwimmingTo

57、 swim表示一般或抽象的多次行为表示一般或抽象的多次行为具体的或一次性的动作具体的或一次性的动作 她的业余爱好是画画。她的业余爱好是画画。 我的工作就是照顾这些孩子。我的工作就是照顾这些孩子。1.Her hobby is_2.My job is_paintinglooking after the children.-ing形式作表语表示主语的内容，表示与主语一形式作表语表示主语的内容，表示与主语一样的事情或情况样的事情或情况 二、二、-ing形式作表语形式作表语3.Our tast is studying English wellStudying English well is our ta

58、st用作宾语用作宾语looking forI cant avoid_Have you considered _ one special friend?1)我不能不去。我不能不去。2)你是否考虑过找一位挚友你是否考虑过找一位挚友? (一一).（1）只能后接动名词作宾语的动词，常见的有）只能后接动名词作宾语的动词，常见的有avoid，consider，enjoy，keep，finish，suggest，dislike，delay，escape，cannot help，imagine，mind，miss，practise，cannot stand等。等。如：如： (一一) 有些动词只能后接动名词作宾

59、语；有些动词只能后接动名词作宾语； (二二) 有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语。（有区别）有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语。（有区别） (三三) 有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语.（没大区别）（没大区别）going三。动名词作宾语三。动名词作宾语有三种情况。有三种情况。常跟动词ing作宾语的动词歌诀:考虑建议盼原谅，考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想，承认推迟没得想，避免错过继续练，避免错过继续练，否认完成停能赏，否认完成停能赏，不禁介意准逃亡，不禁介意准逃亡，不准冒险凭想象。不准冒险凭想象。consider, suggest / a

60、dvise ,look forward to ,excuse ,pardon admit, delay / put off , fancy avoid , miss ,keep /keep on , practise deny , finish , stop ,enjoy / appreciate cant help , mind , allow/ permit ,escape forbid , risk , imagine （2）. 只接只接v-ing作宾语的常见动词短语作宾语的常见动词短语1.He devoted his time to _ (teach)2.I am looking fo