必修5：Unit3《Lifeinthefuture》LearningaboutLanguage

1、Unit 3 Life in the futureLearning about LanguagePast participle (3)used as Adverbial & Attribute过去分词过去分词 过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式, ,表示完成和被动的表示完成和被动的动作。它在句子中可以充当状语、定语等成分。动作。它在句子中可以充当状语、定语等成分。过去分词作状语过去分词作状语 过去分词表完成、被动过去分词表完成、被动, 作状语时作状语时,其逻辑主语是主句其逻辑主语是主句的主语的主语, 且与主语之间存在着被动关系。过去分词作状语可且与主语之间存在

2、着被动关系。过去分词作状语可表时间、原因、让步、结果、方式、条件等。表时间、原因、让步、结果、方式、条件等。观察下列句子观察下列句子Once published, his works (=Once his works were published, ) became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line. 过去分词作时间状语过去分词作时间状语,相当于一个时间状语从句。有时过去分相当于一个时间状语从句。有时过去分词前可加连词词前可加连词when或或while来强调时间概念。来强调时间概念。过去分词作时间状语过去分词作时间状

3、语1. When it is heated, ice will be changed into water. When heated, ice will be changed into water.2. When it is seen under a microscope, a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed shape. Seen under a microscope, a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed shape. 过去分词作原因状语过去分词作原因状语1. Since/ As sh

4、e was given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid. Given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid.2. Because it was done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes. Done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes.过去分词作条件或假设状语过去分词作条件或假设状语

5、1.If they had been given more attention, the cabbages could have grown better. Given more attention, the cabbages could have grown better.2. If we are compared with you, we still have a long way to go. Compared with you, we still have a long way to go.过去分词作方式或伴随状语过去分词作方式或伴随状语1. The hunter left his h

6、ouse, and he was followed by his dog.The hunter left his house, followed by his dog. 2. She sat by the window, and she was lost in thought.She sat by the window, lost in thought. Summary1) 过去分词在句子中可以作时间状语、原因状语、伴随过去分词在句子中可以作时间状语、原因状语、伴随 状状语、条件状语和让步状语等。语、条件状语和让步状语等。2) 过去分词作状语时过去分词作状语时, ,其逻辑主语与句子主语一致。其

7、逻辑主语与句子主语一致。过去分词作状语过去分词作状语过去分词有两大特点：过去分词有两大特点：1. 表示被动的动作；表示被动的动作；2. 表示已经完成的动作。表示已经完成的动作。因此因此,当过去分词作状语的时候一定要搞清楚分词与主语当过去分词作状语的时候一定要搞清楚分词与主语的逻辑关系。例如的逻辑关系。例如:1. United we stand, divided we fail. If we are united, we will stand, but if we are divided, we will fail.2. Asked what had happened, he told us a

8、bout it. When he was asked what had happened, he told us about it.3. Well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures.Because he was well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures.4. Given more time, we would be able to do the work much

9、 better. If we were given more time, we would be able to do the work much better. 5. Once translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers. Once it was translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers.6. Deeply interested in medicine, she dec

10、ided to become a doctor. Because she was deeply interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor.7. Left alone at home, Sam did not feel afraid at all. Although he was left alone at home, Sam did not feel afraid at all.用过去分词作状语来改写句子用过去分词作状语来改写句子1.As I was worried about the journey, I was unset

11、tled for the first few days. _ , I was unsettled for the first few days.Worried about the journey2. If he is given time, hell make a first-class tennis player. _ , hell make a first-class tennis player.3. As I was confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air. _, I was hit by

12、the lack of fresh air.Given timeConfused by the new surroundings4.When he was questioned by the police about the fire, he became tense. _, he became tense. Questioned by the police about the fireAttention过去分词与现在分词作状语过去分词与现在分词作状语 过去分词表完成过去分词表完成、被动被动,与主句主语之间是被动关系与主句主语之间是被动关系;现在现在分词表进行、主动分词表进行、主动,与主句主语

13、之间是主动关系。如果一个被与主句主语之间是主动关系。如果一个被动的动作发生在谓语动作之前动的动作发生在谓语动作之前,则可使用现在分词的完成被动则可使用现在分词的完成被动式或过去分词。式或过去分词。Compare1. Following the old man, we went upstairs.(we followed) (跟着那个老人跟着那个老人, 我们上楼我们上楼了了。)2. Followed by the old man, we went upstairs. (we were followed) (被那个老人跟着被那个老人跟着, 我们上楼我们上楼了了。)3. 从上面看从上面看,体育场好像

14、一个鸟巢。体育场好像一个鸟巢。_ from the top, the stadium looks like a birds nest. A. Seeing B. Seen4. 从太空看从太空看, 宇航员看不到长城。宇航员看不到长城。 _ from the space, the astronaut cannot discover the Great Wall. A. Seeing B. SeenDifference between the Present Participle and the Past Participle_ for a long time, the book looks old

15、.由于用了很长时间由于用了很长时间, 这本书看上去很旧。这本书看上去很旧。_ the book, I find it very useful. 在使用的过程中在使用的过程中, 我发现这本书很有用。我发现这本书很有用。 UsedUsing_ at her, he jumped with joy.看着她看着她, 他欣喜地跳了起来。他欣喜地跳了起来。_at by her, he jumped with joy.被她注视着被她注视着, 他欣喜地跳了起来。他欣喜地跳了起来。LookingLooked注意：注意：选择现在分词还是过去分词选择现在分词还是过去分词, 关键看主句的主语。如关键看主句的主语。如分

16、词的动作是主句的主语发出分词的动作是主句的主语发出, 分词就选用现在分词，反之分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。就用过去分词。Complete each sentence using the Past Participle of the right verb.frighten trap follow shoot1._ by noises in the night, the girl no longer dared to sleep in her room.2. The lady returned home, _ by two policemen.Frightenedfollowed3. I

17、f _ in a burning building, you should send for help.4. Although _ in the leg, he continued firing at the police.trapped shot过去分词作定语过去分词作定语 过去分词作定语与其所修饰的词之间存在着逻辑上过去分词作定语与其所修饰的词之间存在着逻辑上的被动关系的被动关系,且表示该动作已经完成。单个的过去分词作且表示该动作已经完成。单个的过去分词作定语定语,通常置于被修饰词的前面通常置于被修饰词的前面,而分词短语作定语而分词短语作定语,则须置则须置于被修饰词的后面。于被修饰词的后面

18、。1. Last Sunday we went on an organized trip to the forest. 上星期天我们组织了一次去森林的旅行。上星期天我们组织了一次去森林的旅行。2. A letter posted today will reach him the day after tomorrow. 今天发出的信他后天就能收到。今天发出的信他后天就能收到。分词作分词作定语定语可以转换成定语从句可以转换成定语从句:This is a picture painted by my father. (被动被动) =This is a picture which was painted

19、 by my father.The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow. (已完已完成成) =The letter which was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.过去分词短语有时亦可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号。过去分词短语有时亦可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号。Some of them, born and brought up in country villages, had never seen a train.他们当中有一些人他们当中有一些人, 生长在农村，从未见过火

20、车。生长在农村，从未见过火车。 过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况:1.前置定语前置定语 单个的过去分词作定语单个的过去分词作定语, 通常放在被修饰的名词之前通常放在被修饰的名词之前, 表示表示被动和完成意义。被动和完成意义。A.被动意义被动意义an honored guest _(受伤的工人受伤的工人)are now being taken good care of in the hospital.B.完成意义完成意义a retired teacherThey are cleaning _ (落叶落叶) in the yard.一位受尊敬的客人一位受尊敬的客

21、人The injured workers一位退休的教师一位退休的教师the fallen leaves2.后置定语后置定语过去分词短语作定语时过去分词短语作定语时, 通常放在被修饰的名词之后通常放在被修饰的名词之后, 它它的作用相当于一个定语从句。的作用相当于一个定语从句。This will be the best novel of its kind ever written.(= )Who were the so-called guests invited (= ) to your party last night?that has ever been writtenwho had been

22、 invited注意注意: : 如果被修饰的词是由如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no + thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时，即使一个单等时，即使一个单一的分词作形容词用，也要放在被修饰词的后面。一的分词作形容词用，也要放在被修饰词的后面。 例如：例如： Is there anything unsolved? 还有什么未解决的吗？还有什么未解决的吗？ There is nothing changed here since I left this town. 自从我离开后，这个城镇没有任何变化。自从我离开后，这个城镇没

23、有任何变化。 【即学即练即学即练】1. The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B. C., didnt include women until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be playing【解析解析】选选C。 首先首先,根据语法分析可知根据语法分析可知,待选部分是一个作定待选部分是一个作定语、修饰语、修饰 The Olympic Games的后置分词短语的后置分词短语;再根据再根据 The Olympic Games 对于动词对于动词 play 来说只能是被动承受来说

24、只能是被动承受,且已完成且已完成 (in 776 B. C.)。因此。因此,该题应选该题应选C。2. （2012 泉州高二检测）泉州高二检测）Whats the language _ in Germany? A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak【解析解析】选选B。考查。考查过去分词作后置定语表过去分词作后置定语表被动被动,等于定语从等于定语从句句 which is spoken。3. Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa. A. invited B. to in

25、vite C. being invited D. had been invited【解析解析】选选A。考查。考查过去分词作后置定语表被动过去分词作后置定语表被动, 等于定语从等于定语从句句who were invited。4. The computer centre, _ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened【解析解析】选选D。考查。考查过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词后过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词后,可以用非

26、限制性定语从句可以用非限制性定语从句“which was opened last year”代替。代替。5. （ 2012 潍坊高二检测）潍坊高二检测）The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written 【解析解析】选选D。考查。考查过去分词作后置定语表被动过去分词作后置定语表被动,等于定语从等于定语从句句which were wri

27、tten。 另外另外,分词作状语时分词作状语时,如果其逻辑主语与整个句子的主语如果其逻辑主语与整个句子的主语不一致不一致, 需要用独立主格结构或需要用独立主格结构或 with 复合结构来替代。复合结构来替代。(此时此时,也可把该分词看成介词的宾语补足语。也可把该分词看成介词的宾语补足语。)例如例如: The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied【解析解析】选选D。待选部分的逻辑主语是。待选部分的逻辑主语是 his

28、hands,而不是句而不是句子的主语子的主语 The murderer, his hands 对于动词对于动词 tie来说来说,只能是只能是被动承受。因此被动承受。因此,该题应选该题应选D。 6. When _ if she would request a rise, the actress said that money was not important. A. asked B. asking C. having asked D. being asked7. Yesterday I saw in the newspaper a teaching post _ at a school clo

29、se to my home and I wanted to apply for it. A. advertises B. advertising C. advertised D. to advertiseFill in the blanks.1. I like reading the novels _ (write ) by Zhang Ailing.2. The girl _ (write) a letter in the study is my cousin.3.There is something wrong with my car and I have to get it _ (rep

30、air).writtenwritingrepaired4. I want the doors of my new house _ (paint) white.5. There was a _ (surprise) look on his face.6. He was _ (excite) at the good news. 7. The story was so _ (move) that he was _ (move) to tears.paintedsurprisedexcitedmovingmoved用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空 1. _ (use) in

31、 this way, the word shouldnt be taken as a verb. 2. _ (arm) with special guns, knives and brushes, two space walking astronauts practiced fixing the spacecraft. 3. Though _ (catch) in a traffic jam, we managed to arrive at the airport. UsedArmedcaught4. Susan is not easy to get along with. But once _ (gain), her friendship will last forever. 5. Henry didnt attend the party _ (hold) at Toms house last night, for he was busy preparing for his exam. gainedheld1. (2012陕西高考陕西高考)_in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad.A. Standing B. To stand C. Stood D. St