(完整版)北京四中高考英语专题9定语从句(学生版)

1、专题九定语从句13?)J' 一"Ji， 一.一皿一,一.，一，一”,.一“ ,.一 5 ，- . - “ ,.j“一定语从句是高中英语三大类从句中最难的一类，其难点主要在于很多学生在学习时分不清先行词，不能正确使用关系代词、关系副词。因此在学习定语从句时，务必搞清定语从句的概念、关系词的正确选择和使用情 况等。2018年高考定语从句的考一查还将是对关系代词和关系副词的考查。对定语从句的考查仍将不会单纯考查 其语法结构，而是将其融入一定的语境中来考查考生的实际综合运用能力。考点定位定语从句是高考的热点， 对于定语从句考纲要求掌握以下内容：1.引导限制性定语从句的关系词； 2.引

2、导非限制性病语从句的关系词；3.限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别； 4.介词+关系代词的用法；5.不定彳t词/数 词+of which/whom引导的非限制性定语从句及其该结构与并列句的判断；6.关系词之间的异同现象及选用。考点1 :关系代词一览表关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who人主语Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?whom, which 和that在从 句中做宾语 时，常可以省 略，但介词提 前时后面关 系代词不能 省略，也/、可 以用thatwhom人宾语Mr. Smith is the person with

3、 whom I am workingThe boy (whom) she loved died in the war.whose人，物定语I like those books whose topics are about history.The boy whose father works abroad is my desk mate.that人，物主语宾语A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.which物主语宾语The book (which) I gave y

4、ou was worth $10.The picture which was about the accident was terrible.as人，物主语宾语He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.as做宾式-般不省略when时间时间状语I will never forget the day when we met there.可用 onwhich关系副词where地点地点状语This is the house where I was born.可用 i

5、n whichwhy原因原因状语I can ' t imagine the reason why he turne down my offer.6可用 forwhich【典例】In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.A. whichB. its C. whoseD. whom【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。 先行词the World Food Programme在非限制性定语从句中作定语，修饰名词purposes,所以用关系代词

6、whose引导，故选C项。句意：1963年，联合国成立了世界粮食计划署，其目的之一就是缓 解世界范围内的饥荒。【典例】China Today attracts a worldwide readership,shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.A. whoB. whomC. thatD. which【答案】D【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。根据句式结构来看出现了逗号，说明这是一个非限制性定语从句。首先that不能引导非限制性定语从句，who在引导非限制性定语从句的时候通常在从句中做

7、主语和宾语，指人，而whom也指人，却只能做宾语。Which引导非限制性定语从句通常在从句中做主语或者宾语。关系词代指前面的中国日报，在定语从句中做主语。该句意思为：中国日报有着全球的读者群，这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中国。故选D考点2： that 与 which ， who， whom 的用法区别that和which的用法区别：在定语从句中，关系代词which 和 that 都可指物，一般情况下，可以互换使用。但在下列情况下值得注意：A. 只能用 that 而不能用which 的情形( 1) 当先行词为：all, little, few, much, none, 及 some-, any

8、-, no-, every-, 与 thing 所组成的复合单词时，只能用that。如：There is nothing that will stop us making progress. 没有事情会阻止我们进步。(2)当先行词前面有 only, some, any, no, every, little, few, much, all, very 等形容词修饰时，只能用 that。如：This is the only problem that we can这是我们不能解决的唯一的一个问题。 t work out.(3)当先行词由形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，只能用 that。如：This i

9、s the most interesting book that I have ever read. 这是我读过的最有趣的书。(4)当先行词同时包括人和物时，只能用 that。如：Luxun and his works that we are familiar with are considered great.人们认为我们所熟识的鲁迅及其作品都很伟大。(5)当先行词在定语从句中作表语时，只能用that。如：This is a book that I have been looking for since last week. 这就是那本自上周以来我一直在寻找的书。(6)当主句是以 which

10、开头的特殊疑问句时，只能用 that。如：Which is the picture that you drew yesterday? 你昨天画的那张画是哪一张？B.只能用which而不能用that的情形( 1)当非限制性定语从句中的先行词指物时，只能用which 。如：The pencil-case, which I bought last week, is missing. 那个铅笔盒，我上周买的，现在不见了。( 2)关系代词前面有介词时，只能用which 。如：The tree under which we used to take a rest has been cut down. 我们

11、过去常在下面休息的那棵树已砍掉了。(3)先行词为代词that或that所修饰时，只能用 which。如：I don ' t take that which is too expensiv或不要太贵的那个。who (whom) 和 that 的用法区别详解:在定语从句中，关系代词who (whom) 和 that 都可指人和物，在一般情况下，可以互换使用，但在下列情况下值得注意：一、用 who (whom) 而不用 that 的情形(1) 在非限制性定语从句中的先行词指人时，只能用who (whom) 。如：My sister, who is studying abroad, sent

12、me a beautiful present just before this Christmas. 我姐姐， 她在国外学习，就 在圣诞节前给我寄来了漂亮的礼物。(2) 当定语从句对指人的先行词进行隔位修饰时，只能用who (whom) 。如：Do you know the girl in front of the blackboard who is speaking to the students? 你认识黑板前面正在给学生们讲 话的那位女孩子吗？(3) 当先行词为people 和 those 时，只能用who (whom) 。如：Those who want to go there com

13、e here please. 那些想去那儿的人请来这边。(4) 当先行词为 one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all(指人) 时，只能用 who (whom)。如：Anyone who is against us is our enemy. 任何反对我们的人就是我们的敌人。(5)先行词指人，而关系代词在从句中作主语时，一般多用who。如：The man who came here yesterday said he would come again in a few days. 昨天来这儿的那个人说过几天他会再 来。( 6)在there be 句型中名词的定

14、语从句多用于who(whom) 。如：There are students in our class who/whom you have met. 我们班有些学生你没见过。(7)当句子中两个指人的先行词分别带有两个定语从句时，若一个定语从句的引导词为that,那么，另一个定语从句的引导词必定为who。如：The boy that you met just now is Li Ming s brother who just graduated from a university.刚才你看到的那个男孩是李明的刚从大学毕业的弟弟。二、用 that 而不用 who (whom) 的情形(1)当先行词前

15、面有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，引导词只能用that。如：The tallest player that plays football for our team is from Shandong. 在为我们队踢足球的最高哪个运动员来自山 东。(2) 当先行词前面有only, some, any, no, every, little, few, much, all, very 形容词学修饰时，引导词只能用that。如：He is the only student that said“ no” 他是唯一的一个对老师说 to the teacher.“不 ”的学生(3)当主句是以who开头的特殊疑

16、问句时，引导词只能用that。如：Who is woman that you talked with just now? 刚才跟你谈话的那位妇女是谁？(4) the same as 与 the same thatthe same as所引导定语从句的内容与先行词同类而不同物；the same that表示所引导的从句内容与先行词同类同物，即：同一事物。如：She is wearing the same coat that I lost a few days ago. 她正穿着我几天前所丢失的上衣。(暗含： 她偷了我的上衣)She is wearing the same coat as I lo

17、st a few days ago. 她正穿着跟我几天前所丢失的上衣同样的上衣。(暗含：她所穿的上衣不是我所丢失的那一件)考点3关系副词引导的定语从句1、关系副词一览表关系副词when时间时间状语I will never forget the day when we met there.可用 on whichwhere地点地点状语This is the house where I was born.可用 in whichwhy原因原因状语I can ' t imagine the reason why he turne down my offer.d可 用 for which【典例】M

18、 ozart ' s birthplace and the house he composed The Marc Flute are both museums now.A. where B. when C. there D. which【答案】A【解析】where引导了定语从句，并且在定语从句中做地点状语，先行词为the house。【特别提示】在英语中有几个词虽然不指具体的地点，但它们作先行词时常用where引导定语从句(介词+which )。常见的有：situation/case/point/circumstances/stage 等。 I have come to the poi

19、nt where I can我已经到由and hffi 他的程度。 He' s got himself into a dangerous situatn where he is likely to lose control over the plane . 他发现他陷入了危险的境地，他有可能会失去对飞机的控制。【典例】It ' s helpful to put children in a situationthey can see themselves differently.A. that B. when C. which D. where【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。先行

20、词是a situation,指物，表示地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where,选 D。考点4介词+关系代词”以及关系副词引导的定语从句1 .概述介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句多用于正式文体，使用的关系代词一般是which , whom,它既可以引导限制性定语从句，又可以引导非限制性定语从句。常见的有以下几种结构：(1)介词+关系代词Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice. =Mandela was the black lawyer whom I went to for advice.曼德拉是我寻求帮助的一位黑

21、人律师。(2)名词/代词/数，+介词+关系代词 Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore , three of which were English novels . =Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore , of which three were English novels . 上个星期天，我从书店买回几本书，其中三 本是英文小说。 He wrote a book, the name of which I ' ve completely forgotte他写

22、了一本书，书名我完全给忘记了。The old man has two daughters. both of whom are doctors .那位老人有两个女儿，她们都是医生。(3)形容词最高级+介词+关系代词China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan .中国有成千上万的岛屿，其中最大的是台湾。(4)介词+关系代词+名词I called him by the wrong name . for which mistake I apologized .我叫错了他的名字， 为此我向他表示了歉意。(不能使用whose)

23、2 .关系代词的选择用于“介词+关系代词”结构的关系代词指人时只能用whom ,指物时只能用 which ,即介词+which/whom。【典例】You can only be sure of ,you have at present; you cannot be sure of something you might get in the future.A. that; what B. what;/ C. which;/ D. /; that【答案】B【解析】很明显，第一空前没有名词或代词。这是介t后的宾语从句，宾语从句中缺少have的宾语，指物，用what。第二个空前有不定代词，我们把它代

24、入从句中，可以作get的宾语，说明是宾语从句，用关系代词that,它在定语从句中作宾语可以省略，所以答案是B。(60分钟)限时训I练I，0经典常规题一、语法填空1 .【2017 全国卷 I Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70.is not good for the health.2 .【2017 全国卷 in But Sarah, 64.has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 65. (prove) that she has brains as w

25、ell as beauty.3 .12017 浙江卷 6 月考】Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63.(sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 64.it remained until the carrot's leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长)through it.4 .【2016 全国新课标 IBut my connection with pandas goes b

26、ack 64_ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,65_ I was the first Western TV reporter_66(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued fromstarvation in the wild.二、短文改错5 .【2017 全国卷 n 】In their spare time , they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden , that is on the roofto

27、p of their house.6 .【2017 全国卷 in Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time:7 .【2016 四川】The dishes what I cooked were Mom ' s favoritiest高频易错题一、语法填空(重庆市重点中学九校联盟2018届高三上学期第一次联考)A humanoid robot (类人机器人)named Sophiahas made history by becoming he first robo

28、t in the world 4 (award) citizenship. Saudi Arabia(沙特阿拉伯) on Wednesday offered citizenship to the robot, designed by David Hanson. Journalist Andrew Ross made the42 (announce) at the end of an interview with Sophia.Sophia 43 (response), without missing a beat: " Iwant to thank very much the kin

29、gdom of Saudi Arabia.”“I am very 44 (pride) and honored for this unique distinction. This is historical to be the first robot in the world to be recognized with a citizenship," the robot said.The particulars of the citizenship were not discussed, and it ' s not clear 45 Sophia will have the

30、 same rights as a human Saudi Arabian citizen.46一 (discuss) the future of AI (artificial intelligence), Ross expressed concerns previously raised by Elon Musk 47 AI could be dangerous if it were to go evil and turn on humanity.48 Sophia insisted itwanted to use AI only to“ help humans live a better

31、life".Sophia tried to remove Ross(那个采访的t己者)fears of a “ bad future, “ insisting that AI is“ desighuman 49 (value) like wisd om, kindness, compassion ” . It accused him。 ” reading too much Elon Musk,“ and said, "don' t worry, if you ' re nice to me, I ' ll be nice to you. Tratpi

32、misyatemsmart input(河南省百校联盟 2017 届高三 3 月联考)Last month, I gave some of my clothes to a girl who needed it because her parents didn't have money to buy her newly clothes. In school, this girl was the victim of bullying because of the clothes that she wears. So I went home and was told mom that I&#

33、39;d like collect something for her. Knew what she suffered in the school broke my heart. Sometimes young people are so mean to others which don't have the money to buy some expensive thing. This has to change because it is not clothes or shoes that makes a person. It is what we have in our hear

34、t but our soul that matters.、语法填空(河南省中原名校2018 届高三第二次质量检测)When you are thirsty, you can drink some green tea. It tastesgood and it ' s very healthy. The Chinese1 (know)about the benefits of green tea since ancient times, and they use 42 to treat everything from headaches to depression. They have

35、43 (actual)been using green tea as a medicine for over 4,000 years.Nowadays, there is scientific evidence of the health benefits of green tea. According to one study 44 (publish)in a cancer research journal, drinking green tea 45 (reduce)the risk of some types of cancer in Chinese men and women 46n

36、nearly sixty percent. USA researchers have also found that green tea may prevent the 47 (grow)of cancer cells. There is also new evidence 48 green tea can help to destroy bacteria in our bodies. It is especially effective at getting rid of the bacteria on your 49 (tooth)and keep them healthy!Accordi

37、ng to the Chinese proverb,50" It is(good)to go without food for three days, than without tea forone. " So, in brief, you should definitely try a cup of green tea. It seems that it can only do you good.短文改错(四川省南充市 2018 届高三第一次适应性考试)The environment pollution was more and more serious today.We

38、 have no dean Water to drink it because of water pollution. And when trees cut down, some animals disappear.s time for us tThere is more and more dirty smoke in the air. Peopled health has been great affected by air, noise and water pollution.Many people have died of diseases ca using by pollution.

39、In order to live the better life, it world. We should recycle, reduce and reuse things, what saves money and reduces pollution. Use things so long as possible. Don ' t use plastic bag. Besides, we must plamertrees and stop people cutting it down. We hope our world will be more and more beautiful

40、.参考答案经典常规题一、语法填空1. 【答案】which【解题思路】 考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知which is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前文中的to have too much of both ,即 摄入过多的脂肪和盐 ”。故填which。2.【答案】64. who 65. to prove【解题思路】64考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空后面是一个定语从句，缺少连接词，代指先行词Sarah,在从句中作主语，故填 who。 3.【答案】63. swept 64. where【解题思路】63考查过去分词。此处是 get done结构

41、，表示被动，意为被扫进了垃圾堆4.【答案】64. to 65. when 66. permitted【解题思路】64.考查介词。固定短语：go back to回到":65.考查定语从句。后面是非限制性定语从句，从句缺少状语，因为先行词是时间，故填when。66考查过去分词。被修饰的名词和permit之间是被动关系，用过去分词。二、短文改错5.【答案】interesting 改为 interested ; . that 改为 which【解题思路】 考查形容词用法。张家夫妇对种菜感兴趣；考查定语从句。该处前有逗号，后句为非限制性定语 从句，故用which。6.【答案】picture 前

42、加 this/the; they - that/which【解题思路】 考查限定词。根据语境可知这张照片是上文提到的照片，是特指，故需要用限定词this/the修饰；考查定语从句。分析句子可知，前面的倒装句 "Around me in the picture are the things 是一个单句，而后面的“they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments. 也是个单句，在这种情况下，要么在两个单句之间用并列连词连接，要么把后面这个单句变为从句。从句意上看，

43、这.里变为定语从句更为合理，故把 they改为that/which。 7.【答案】what-that/which（或去掉 what）; favoritest-favorite【解题思路】 此处考查引导定语从句的关系代词。句意：我做的菜是妈妈最喜欢的。The dishes做先行词，指物，定语从句缺少引导词，从句缺少宾语，可知引导一词在定语从句中作宾语，故把 what-that/which（或去掉what）;“ favorite本身就是 最喜欢“，故把 favoritest-favorite 。高频易错题一、语法填空【答案】41. to be awarded 42. announcement 43

44、. responded 44. proud 45. if/whether46. Discussing 47. that 48. But 49. values 50. of【解题思路】 文章报道了一个类人机器人Sophia被授予沙特阿拉伯公民，成为第一个被授予公民权利的机器人。41. to be awarded考查不定式的被动。句中 the first robot和动词award是被动关系，指机器人被授予公民身份。此处是 make sb. do sth.结构，主动形式中省去to被动语态中要补出to,故填不定式的被动形式to be awarded.42. announcement考查名词。此处由t

45、he限定做made的宾语用名词，指作出宣布，故填 announcement.43. responded考查动词。与全文时态一致，叙述发生过的事用一般过去时，故填 responded.44. proud.考查形容词。此处由very修饰做系动词am的表语用形容词，故填 proud.45. if/whether.考查连词。此处指是否Sophia和沙特阿拉伯公民有同等的权利还没明确，表示是否，故填 if/whether.46. Discussing.考查动词形式。句中主语Ross和动词discuss是主动关系，此处作状语用动词-ing形式，故填 Discussing.47. that.考查连词。句中包

46、含concerns的同位语从句，由that引导，故填that.48. But.考查连词。句意：Ross表达了对人工智能如果变邪恶，会对人类构成危险的担心，但是Sophia说它只是想帮助人类过更好的生活。前后句是转折关系，故填 But.49. values.考查名词。此处由human修饰指人类的价值观念”，根据like wisdom, kindness, compassion用复数，故填values.50. of.考查介词。accuse sb. of sth表示 指责/控告某人做某事”，是固定搭配。故填 of.二、 短文改错【答案】 Last month, I gave some of my c

47、lothes to a girl who needed it_because her parents didn't have moneythemto buy her newly clothes. In school, this girl was the victim of bullying because of the clothes that she wears. So I newworewent home and was told mom that I'd like 八 collect something for her. Knew what she suffered in

48、 the school brokemytoKnowingheart. Sometimes young people are so mean to others which don't have the money to buy some expensive thing. This who/thatthingshas to change because it is not clothes or shoes that makes a person. It is what we have in our heart but our soul that makeandmatters.【解题思路】

49、1 .考查代词。句意：上个月，我把我的一些衣服给了一位需要衣服的女孩子。这里需要用them指代上文的复数名词 clothes,故it-them。2 .句意：因为她的父母没有钱给她买新衣服。这里用形容词new做名词clothes的定语，故newly-new。3 .句意：在学校，这个女孩是被欺负的对象因为她穿的衣服。根据上下文时态以及时态一致，可知wears-wore。4 .句意：因此，我想回家告诉妈妈我想给她拿些衣服。根据句意可知，主语 I和动词tell是主动关系，故 删去was。5 .考查固定用法 would like to想要，故在like和collect之间加上to。6 .考查动名词作主语

50、。句意：知道她在学校的遭遇让我很心痛。这里动名词短语作主语，故 Knew-knowing 。7 .考察定语从句关系代词。句意：有时，年轻人对那些买不起昂贵东西的人非常刻薄。此句中的定语从句，先行词others,需要用关系代词 who/that指代先行词，并在定语从句中作主语，故 which-who/that。8 .考查名词的数。这里“昂贵的东西”，用复数名词thingso thing-things.9 .考查主谓一致。句意：并不是我们的衣服或者鞋子让我们有尊严。强调句型中主语 not clothes or shoes,根据主谓一致原则，故动词用make。故makes- make。10 .考查连

51、词。句意：我们内心和心灵拥有的才是要紧的。根据句意可知our heart和our soul是并列关系，用 and。故 but-and。精准预测题一、语法填空【答案】41. have known 42. it 43. actually 44. published 45. reduces46. by 47. growth 48. that 49. teeth 50. better【解题思路】本文向读者介绍了绿茶。从远古时代起，人们就开始了解绿茶的好处，并用它来治疗从头痛到抑郁的各种问题。今天， 根据科学研究发现绿茶有益于健康，绿茶可以减少某些癌症发生的机率，抑制细菌的生长等。41. 考查时态。根据“ The Chinese_1_ (know) about the benefits of green tea since ancient times 中的"since1知，应该用完成时。故填 "have known。"42. 考查代词。“ they use_2_ to treat