不定式与动名词的区别

1、动词不定式和动名词是英语非谓语动词的两个重要部分一、作主语1 、不定式作主语：动词不定式可直接用作主语,句子的谓语动词常用单数。Togettherebybikewilltakeushalfanhour.对于主语较长的不定式，可以用it作形式主语。例如：It'sourdutytotakegoodcareoftheold.HowlongdidittakeyoutofinishtheworkItisdifficultforustofinishwritingthecompositioninaquarterofanhour.Itseemedimpossibletosavemoney.It'

2、;skindofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish.2 、动名词作主语：动名词也可直接用作主语，或者用it作形式主语。例如：Learningwithoutpracticeisnogood.It'snogoodreadingindimlight.It'snousesittingherewaiting.It'sdangerousswimmingintheseainwindydays.Thereisnosayingwhatwillhappennext.3、动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别(1) 不定式作主语经常表示具体动作，或者表示将要进行的动作。而动名词作主语经

3、常表示抽象的一般性的动作。例如：It'snogoodforyoutoeatsomuchfat.(有具体的人foryou)It'snogoodeatingtoomuchfat.(泛指)(2) 不定式的逻辑主语常用of,for表示；动名词逻辑主语则常用物主代词、名词、代词表示。例如：Itisstupidofyoutowritedowneverythingtheteachersays.(ofyou)It'snouseyourpretendingthatyoudidn'tknowtherules.(your)Thedoctorsuggestedthemhavingthe

4、irhealthcheck-uponceayear.二、作宾语1、不定式作宾语(1) 以下动词后,一般只用不定式作宾语.如:agree,attempt，apply，ask,aim,arrange,beg，choose,decide,demand,expect,fail,help,hope,lean,long,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,wishafford等。Idecidedtoaskformymoneyback.IdecidedthatIwouldaskformymoneyback.Whenourvisittothefar

5、mwasover,weexpectedtostartbackonfoot.Whenourvisittothefarmwasover,weexpectedthatwewouldstartbackonfoot.(2) 不定式可先用it做形式宾语。Wethinkitquiteimportantforustolearnaforeignlanguagewell.Hefeelsithisdutytohelpthepoor.2、动名词作宾语(1) 以下动词后,一般只用动名词作宾语,如:admit,appreciate,consider,delay,enjoy,finish,keep,imagine,mind

6、,miss,practise,resist,risk,save,suggest,don'tmind,giveup,insist,on,putoff等。Isuggestspendingoursummervacationinaseasidetown.Youmustgiveupsmoking,foritdoestoomuchharmtoyourhealth.(2) 介词后只能接动名词做宾语Ishouldgotoattendthebirthdaycelebrationinsteadofstayingathome.WhataboutinvitingLiJuntomakeaspeech(3) 少数

7、特殊结构中只用动名词做宾语。它们可以看作是省略的介词的形式。例如：havedifficulty(in)doingsth.havenotrouble(in)doingsth.losenotime(in)doingsth.prevent/stop(from)doingsth.thereisnouse(in)doingsth.3、不定式与动名词做宾语的区别(1) 动词后是接不定式还是动名词作宾语，主要是根据使用习惯。有些动词后一般只接不定式作宾语，而另一些则只用动名词作宾语。详见上面的说明。(2) 介词后只能接动名词作宾语；还有少数结构后只用动名词作宾语。详见上面的说明。(3) 在need,want

8、,require等后表示被动意义时，不定式要用被动语态，而动名词不需要。例如：Mybikeneedstoberepaired.Mybikeneedsrepairing.(4) 英语中，有些动词动词后既可接不定式也可接动名词，意义区别不大，如：begin,continue,start,hate,like,love,need,require,want等.但在下列情况下,一般要用不定式:*would(should)与hate,like,love连用时：I'dliketohaveacupofcoffee.* 当begin,continue,start等是进行式时Thestudentsarest

9、artingtoworkonthedifficultmathsproblem.* 当begin,continue,start与know,understand等连用时：Isoonbegantounderstandwhatwashappening.4、部分动词后接不定式或动名词时,意义差别较大。(1) forget,remember,regret后接不定式,表示现在或未来的动作,接动名词表示动作已经发生。如:Don'tforgetfoposttheletterforme.(信还没有寄出)HaveyouforgottenmeetingherinBeijingAirport(已见过她)Reme

10、mbertoclosethewindowsbeforeyouleave.(窗户还没有关)Irememberwritinghimaletterayearago.(信已写过)Weregrettotellyouthatallofyouarenotinvitedtoattendthemeeting.Theyregrettedorderingthesebooksfromabroad.(2) meantodo打算做某事/meandoing意味着Imeanttocatchupwiththeearlybus.Thismeanswastingalotofmoney.(3) trytodo设法尽力做某事/tryd

11、oing试着做某事Youshouldtrytoovercomeyourshortcomings.Tryworkingoutthephysicsprobleminanotherway.(4) stoptodo停下当前事去做另一件事/stopdoing停止当前事Onthewaytotheairport,Istoppedtobuyapaper.You'dbetterstoparguinganddoasyouaretold.(5) can'thelpdoing禁不住/can'thelptodo不能帮助干Theycouldn'thelpjumpingupatthenews

12、.SorryIhavelotsofworktodo.SoIcan'thelptomakeuptheroomforyou.(6) goontodo去做另外一件/goondoing继续做此事Hewentontotalkaboutworldsituation.他接着又谈了世界形势We'llgoonfightingsolongasthereisoppressionintheworld.(7) leaveofftodo去做另外一件事/leaveoffdoing停下当前事It'stimetoleaveofftalkingandtostartacting.Theyleftofftog

13、ofishing.三、做表语不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作;动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为。Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.Mychiefpurposeistopointoutthedifficultiesofthematter.WhatIwouldsuggestistoputoffthemeeting.Ourworkisservingthepeople.Whathelikesistakingawalkaftersupper.ThestorytoldbyMr.Wangisinteresting.四、作定语1、不定式作定语时，放在被修饰的名词

14、之后。ThenexttraintoarriveisfromWashington.HaveyouanythingtobetakentoyoursisterDoyouhaveanythingtosayonthequestionWouldyoupleasegivemesomepapertowriteonMywishtovisitFrancehascometrueatlast.2、动名词作定语时，放在修饰的名词前面。Thispassagecanbeusedaslisteningmaterials.Thereadingroomofourschoollibrarycanhold800people.Allm

15、ovingbodieshaveenergy.注意：下一句中的standing不是动名词，而现在分词短语：hemanstandingattheschoolgateisProfessorHua.五、不定式作补足语不定式可以用作宾语补足语，而动名词不用作宾语补足语有些情况下不定式的to可以省略。1、不定式作宾语补足语常用不定式作宾补的动词有:allow,ask,advise,beg,cause,drive(强迫),encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,wouldlike(love,hate),order,permit,persuade,teach,tell,want,w

16、arn,wish等，以及短语动词有:askfor,carefor,callon,counton,dependon,waitfor,longfor,preparefor,wishfor等。WouldyoulikemetogiveyourregardstoMaryIwantyoutounderstandthewholepassageclearly.WeallbelieveJohn(tobe)honest.Iconsiderhim(tobe)oneofthebestbiologyteachersofNo.1MiddleSchool.Weconsiderhimtohavebeenfoolish.Idi

17、dn'thearanyonesayanythingaboutit.Theymakethestudentsdotoomuchhomeworkeveryday.Thestudentsaremadetodotoomuchhomeworkeveryday.Wouldyoupleasehelpme(to)fillinthetaxformI'veneverknownher（to）belatebefore.HewasknowntohavebeentoFrancebefore.Youmaydependonthemtobethereearly.ThePartycallsonustoincreas

18、eproductionandpractiseeconomy.2、不定式作主语补足语Hewasnotallowedtoentertheclassroomforbeinglate.Theyounguniversitystudentisconsideredtohavegreatpromise.六、不定式作状语不定式可以用作状语，而动名词不用作状语。下面只说一下不定式作状语的用法。1、表示目的Istayedtheretoseewhatwouldhappen.Henryhasdecidedtogotothehospitaltobeexaminedbythedoctor.Bobtookdownmytele

19、phonenumbersoas（inorder）nottoforgetit.Istayedtheresothat（inorderthat）Icouldseewhatwouldhappen.2、表示原因Wearegladtohearthenews.Iwassurprisedtoseethatathree-year-oldbabycouldwritesowell.Thequestionraisedbythestudentisdifficulttoanswer.Theroomisreallycomfortabletolivein.3、表示结果Wecamehomeafterourholidaytofi

20、ndourgardenneatandtidy.I'mnotsostupid（afool）astoputitinwriting.I'mnotsuchastupidfoolastoputitinwriting.Thespeedishighenoughforustocatchupwiththefirstliner.Janehurriedbackonlytofindhermotherdyinginthehospital.I'mtootiredtostayuplonger.注意：在下列结构中，too-to并非是"太而不能"之意。I'monlytoogl

21、adtohavepassedtheexam.考试及格我太高兴了。（不定式做原因状语）Wehavetoomuchtolearn.我们要学的太多了。（不定式作定语）.4、不定式用作独立成份常见的短语有tobeexact（确切地说）tobeginwith（首先）todohimjustice（说句对他公道的话）tobesure（真的）Totellthetruth,theplaywasagreatdisappointmenttome.7、 疑问词+不定式结构动名词没有这种结构。WhentoleaveforLondonhasnotbeendecidedyet.Mr.Smithdidn'tknoww

22、hethertoleaveorstaythere.IaskedProfessorXuhowtolearnEnglishwell.Thequestionwaswheretogetthemedicineneeded.8、 动词不定式与动名词的的时态、语态1、动词不定式的时态不定式时态有三种形式：(1) 一般式：表示动作发生在谓语动词之后或同时发生。Ihopetobecomeauniversitystudentthisyear.WeoftenhearDickplaythepianointhenextroom.(2) 完成式:表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。I'msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.Wearetooyoungtohaveseentheoldsociety.(3) 进行式:表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生.如:TheteacherhappenedtobecorrectingourpaperswhenIcamein.Theyseemedtobediscussingsomethingimportant.2、不定式的被动语态It'sagreathonortobeinvitedtoMary'sbirthdayparty.Itwasimpossibleforlosttimetobemade