北师大版高中英语必修3 Unit7 定语从句语法讲解参考课件

1、定语从句定语从句定义及其作用：定义及其作用：定语从句是又称定语从句是又称形容词性从句形容词性从句,在句子中起定在句子中起定语作用语作用,修饰一个名词或代词修饰一个名词或代词,有时也可修饰一有时也可修饰一个句子个句子.受定语从句修饰的词叫先行词受定语从句修饰的词叫先行词.定语从定语从句可分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句可分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。句。定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词后面，定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词后面，所以如果在名词或代词后面出现一个从句，根所以如果在名词或代词后面出现一个从句，根据它与前面名词或代词的逻辑关系来判断是否据它与前面名词或代词的逻辑关系来判

2、断是否是定语从句。是定语从句。定语从句定语从句The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.先行词先行词放置于名词之放置于名词之_，修饰，修饰名词的从句名词的从句关系词关系词连接作用连接作用1.2. 在从句中充当成分在从句中充当成分后后 修饰物体时关系代词修饰物体时关系代词that和和 which的区的区分分 使用使用that的情况：的情况： 1、当先行词是当先行词是nothing, something, anything, all, each等不定代词时。等不定代词时。 eg. Do you have anything that is impor

3、tant to tell me?2、当先行词被当先行词被all, any, some, no, not, every, each等修饰时。等修饰时。 eg. I have some books that are very good.3、当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所、当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。修饰时。eg. This is the first book that I bought myself. The biggest bird that I caught is this bird. 4主句是以主句是以which或或who开头的特殊疑问句开头的特殊疑问句时时Eg Which i

4、s the bike that you lost?Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting.5当先行词在从句和主句中都作表语时当先行词在从句和主句中都作表语时,无无论先行词是人还是物论先行词是人还是物.China is no longer the country that she was.6.如有两个定语从句如有两个定语从句,其中一个已用其中一个已用which引导引导,另一个宜用另一个宜用that .Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been se

5、en before.7.在在there be句型中句型中,只用只用that.He asked for the latest book (that) there is on the subject. 8、当先行词被当先行词被the very, the last, the next, the only 等词修饰时。等词修饰时。 eg. This is the very book that I lost yesterday. 9、当先行词又有人又有物时当先行词又有人又有物时。 eg. I wont forget the things and the persons that I saw.只能使用只能

6、使用which的情况。的情况。1、非限制性定语从句中、非限制性定语从句中。eg. Mary has a book, which is very precious.2、在介词之后、在介词之后。eg. This is a house in which lives an old man.3、当主句中的主语被、当主句中的主语被that修饰时修饰时。eg. That dog which I found in the street belongs to Mary. Consolidation exercises. Fill in the blanks with suitable relative pron

7、ouns. 1. This is the only book _ I got last year. 2. Is this the book in _ you are interested? 3. This is the largest animal _ Tom saw in the zoo.thatwhichthat5. All the desks _ are bought look really wonderful.6. Do you have any money _is used to build the factory?7. Tom has a toy, _ was given by h

8、is father.8. This is the second watch _ my father bought for me. thatthatwhich that4. Rose still remembers the trees and teachers_ exist (存在存在)in the mother school.that 修饰人时关系代词修饰人时关系代词that 和和who, whom的的区分。区分。当主句中的主语是当主句中的主语是who时，只能用时，只能用that。 eg. Who is the girl that is standing over there?在非限制性定语从

9、句中以及介词后面时在非限制性定语从句中以及介词后面时只能用只能用who 或者或者whom。 eg. I have a son, who is really lovely and interesting. There are 40 students in the class, most of whom are boys.关系代词关系代词whose既能修饰人，也能既能修饰人，也能修饰物，在定语从句中充当定语，修饰物，在定语从句中充当定语，修饰先行词修饰先行词。eg. She is the girl whose English sounds very beautiful.Mary has a ver

10、y good dog, whose hair turns out white and black. Correct mistakes for the following sentences. 1. Under the big tree are 34 students, many of them come from class two. 2. My mother has a good book, which cover looks terrible. 3. Who are the young girls who are having dinner in the restaurant? 4. Sh

11、e is one of the girls who is very interested in maths.whomwhosethatare5. Tom is the only one of the boys who like playing football.6. Who is the girl that you talked to her just now?7. This is the very pen that you gave it to me before.8. There is an old woman, that is holding a stick. likesheritwho

12、 关系代词关系代词as与与which引导非限制性定语从句引导非限制性定语从句的区别的区别. 1.位置位置:as从句可在主句前或主句后从句可在主句前或主句后,而而which从句只可在主句后从句只可在主句后. 2.意义意义:as从句常是一些固定结构从句常是一些固定结构,(如如as is known to all, as we expected, as everybody knows等等,而且译为而且译为”正如正如.,恰恰如如”.) the sameas, such as,和和一一样样. which从句多为对主句的一种评价看法从句多为对主句的一种评价看法,或或者主从句之间形成一种因果关系者主从句之间

13、形成一种因果关系. He failed in the exam, which made his parents angry. As we had expected, he failed in the exam. 关系副词关系副词when, where, why的用法以及的用法以及与关系代词的区分。与关系代词的区分。关系副词在定语从句当中只能充当状语，关系副词在定语从句当中只能充当状语，当一个句子能够完整地表达一个意思时，当一个句子能够完整地表达一个意思时，我们就可以给这个句子加上特定的关系我们就可以给这个句子加上特定的关系副词副词。 eg. I wont forget the time whe

14、n I got married. Have you still remember the days when we stayed together?This is the place where we had a good time.Is this the house where Mr Smith lives?I dont know the reason why he wont join us.Do you know the reason why he didnt come to sweep the classroom?关系副词关系副词when, where和关系代词和关系代词that, wh

15、ich的区分。请比较以下句子的区分。请比较以下句子： This is the park that we visited last year. This is the park where we held a birthday party. She wont forget the days that she spent on the island.She wont forget the days when they stayed together.Thats the date when we went to the college.Thats the date that she wont for

16、get for ever.I like the time when we lived together.I like the time that we had together. Exercises : Fill in the blanks with appropriate relative pronouns and adverbs. 1. Is this the room _ you cleaned last time? 2. Is this the room _ we lived before? 3. This is the garden _ they stayed for a night

17、. 4. This is the garden _ they visited last time. thatwherewherethat5. Tom has forgotten the day _ he left his home. 6. Tom has forgotten the day _ I told him last day. 7. She still remembers the year _ she found her first job. 8. She still remembers the year _ she spent in Jining.whenthatwhenthat关系副词关系副词when, where, why 和介词和介词+which之间的关系。关系副词之间的关系。关系副词when, where, why可以用适当的介词可以用适当的介词+which来来替代。如：替代。如：when=in/on/at+which, where=in/on/at+which, why=for+which介词的位置非常灵活，有介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之时放在关系代词之前，有时放在