Final Exam Review - myglobal - home期末考试复习- myglobal回家

1、.Final Exam Study GuideMadnick/Global Studies 9Exam DatesWednesday, June 10 A/CThursday, June 11 B/DPacket One.Basic Definitions History the study of the past through artifacts and resources Geography the study of Earths structure how people interact with their environment Primary Source document cr

2、eated during the time period being studiedMaps Physical map: shows land forms and bodies of water Political map: shows shapes and boundaries of countries Thematic map: shows information about various themes ex: population, climate, resourcesCulture “A blueprint for living” The patterns of behavior a

3、nd ways of thinking within a group Everything that helps a society developCultural DiffusionSpread of ideas, customs, goods, and technology, among different culturesExamples: Spread of Religions: Islam, Hinduism, Christianity Trade along Silk Road and Gold Road Printing Press Columbian Exchange Span

4、ish Language in Central and South AmericaETHNOCENTRISM Belief that ones culture or ethnic group is superior to all others Ancient Chinese & Romans saw themselves as better than outsiders Europeans saw themselves as better than native people they encountered “My culture is better than yours”Law C

5、odes Hammurabis Code eye for an eye 12 Tables of Rome expanded laws made under Greek democracy Justinians Code preserved Roman laws during Byzantine EmpireArt & Architecture Pyramids Importance of the pharoah Life after death BOB- Greek concept of Beauty, Order, and Balance Renaissance Art Impor

6、tance of the individual=individualism New techniques, colors, linear perspectiveMajor Religions:Judaism, Christianity, Islam monotheistic Connection to the Holy Land/Jerusalem Founder, holy book, rules for behaviorMajor Religions:Hinduism & Buddhism polytheistic Reincarnation Respect for nature

7、Meditation to achieve Nirvana or Enlightenment Chinese Philosophies Confucianism People are naturally good; following the 5 basic relationships lead to organized society Legalism People are naturally evil; strict laws and harsh punishments needed for organized society Daoism Dao means “the way”, go

8、with the flow, Japanese Philosophies Shintoism worship spirits of nature called kami, respect for nature Code of Bushido “way of the warrior;” code of honor used by Samurai Agricultural RevolutionThe change in human history from hunting and gathering to farming Permanent food supply from crops and d

9、omesticated animals Led to permanent towns and villages Led to organized civilizations Civilizations developed governments, belief systems, art, architecture, technology, etcThe earliest civilizations developed in river valleys Egypt : Nile River China : Huang He India: Indus River Mesopotamia: Tigr

10、is & Euphrates Rivers provided:1. Water2. Fertile soil3. Food4. Trade/Transportation.Early Civilizations Basics The Biggies: Egypt, Mesopotamia, China, India, Greece, Rome, Byzantine, African trading kingdoms Golden Age: time of peace & prosperity marked by great achievements Athens, Tang/So

11、ng, Abbasid, Pax Romana, Renaissance,.Final Exam Study GuideMadnick/Global Studies 9Exam DatesWednesday, June 10 A/CThursday, June 11 B/DPacket Two.Early China Geography-mountains, deserts, plateaus separated China from other regions First dynasties developed in river valleys: Huang He and Yangtze R

12、ivers_PolytheismOracle BonesYing YangMandate of Heaven_Emperor Shi HuangdiGreat WallLegalismSilk Road began.Early China Geography-mountains, deserts, plateaus separated China from other regions First dynasties developed in river valleys: Huang He and Yangtze RiversShang DynastyPolytheisticOracle Bon

13、esYing YangMandate of HeavenQin DynastyEmperor Shi HuangdiGreat WallLegalismSilk Road began c. 100People have the right to rebel against weak rulers and replace them with strong onesAncient Greece Geography Mountainous region, isolated valleys, natural harbors City-States:_ Major achievements in art

14、 and a architecture , government Athens=_Ancient Greece Geography Mountainous region, isolated valleys, natural harbors City-States: Athens and Sparta Major achievements in art and a architecture , government Athens= birthplace of democracyGreek Culture = Hellenistic Culture Hellenistic=_ Greek=_ Sp

15、read by Alexander the Great, who conquered Greece, Persia, India, and Egypt Major diffusion of Greek culture or._Greek Culture = Hellenistic Culture Hellenistic=Greek Greek= Hellenistic Spread by Alexander the Great, who conquered Greece, Persia, India, and Egypt Major diffusion of Greek culture or.

16、 HellenismAncient Rome Geography Italy is a _ in the Mediterranean Sea Empire expanded under various emperors, starting with_ architecture (arches & domes), technology (aqueducts & roads), _Ancient Rome Geography Italy is a peninsula in the Mediterranean Sea Empire expanded under various emp

17、erors, starting with Julius Caesar architecture (arches & domes), technology (aqueducts & roads), Law,Law,Law,LawByzantine Empire _ _-preserved Roman laws Architecture: Hagia Sophia Great Schism = split between Catholic and Eastern Orthodox ChurchByzantine Empire Preserved Greek and Roman cu

18、lture after Fall of Rome Justinians Code- preserved Roman laws Architecture: Hagia Sophia Great Schism = split between Catholic and Eastern Orthodox ChurchAfrican Trading Kingdoms _ Controlled major trade routes in _ Gold and salt Separated from the rest of Africa by _African Trading Kingdoms Ghana,

19、 Mali, & Songhai Controlled major trade routes in North Africa Gold and salt Separated from the rest of Africa by the Sahara DesertMansa Musa Mansa Musa was king of the _ made the hajj to _ spread _and created new trade routes across Africa _ became a key trade cityMansa Musa Mansa Musa was king

20、 of the Mali made the hajj to Mecca spread Islam and created new trade routes across Africa Timbuktu became a key trade city.Middle Ages in Europe _ was very powerful _: exchange of land for military service Knights followed code of _ like the Japanese code of _ Crusades resulted in huge demand for

21、Asian goods.Middle Ages in Europe Church was very powerful Feudalism: exchange of land for military service Knights followed code of chivalry like the Japanese code of Bushido Crusades resulted in huge demand for Asian goods.Renaissance in Europe Began in _ Geography -peninsula in the Mediterranean;

22、 _ Venice and Genoa were major trade cities.Renaissance in Europe Began in Italy Geography -peninsula in the Mediterranean; access to Afro Eurasian trade routes after Crusades Venice and Genoa were major trade cities.Renaissance in Europe Machiavelli wrote The Prince_ Galileo, Isaac Newton, Tycho Br

23、ahe, Copernicus knowledge is based on_.Renaissance in Europe Machiavelli wrote The Prince“the ends justify the means” Galileo, Isaac Newton, Tycho Brahe, Copernicus Scientific Revolution knowledge was based onexperimentation and observation.Renaissance in Europe _ opposed sale of indulgences wrote T

24、he 95 Theses began the Protestant Reformation _-attempt by Catholic Church to rebuild its power.Renaissance in Europe Martin Luther opposed sale of indulgences wrote The 95 Theses began the Protestant Reformation Counter Reformation-attempt by Catholic Church to rebuild its power.North and South America _pyramids, writing system, calendar, math, science _cities and floating gardens _ terrace farming, roads.North and South America Mayapyramids, writing