GMAT考试阅读模拟试题及答案参考

1、2017年GMAT考试阅读模拟试题及答案参考在备考GMAT阅读时，考生如果能够掌握一些基本试题及解题技巧，将非常有利于GMAT考试高分的达成。这不，精品学习网出国频道为大家呈现了2017年GMAT考试阅读模拟试题及答案，让我们一起分享下吧2017年GMAT考试阅读模拟试题及答案参考Incontrasttotraditionalanalysesofminoritybusiness,thesociologicalanalysiscontendsthatminoritybusinessownershipisagroup-levelphenomenon,inthatitislargelydepende

2、ntuponsocial-groupresourcesforitsdevelopment.Specifically,thisanalysisindicatesthatsupportnetworksplayacriticalroleinstartingandmaintainingminoritybusinessenterprisesbyprovidingownerswitharangeofassistance,fromtheinformalencouragementoffamilymembersandfriendstodependablesourcesoflaborandclientelefro

3、mtheownersethnicgroup（ethnicgroup:n.同种同文化之民族）.Suchself-helpnetworks,whichencourageandsupportethnicminorityentrepreneurs,consistof“primary”institutions,thoseclosesttotheindividualinshapinghisorherbehaviorandbeliefs.Theyarecharacterizedbytheface-to-faceassociationandcooperationofpersonsunitedbytiesofm

4、utualconcern.Theyformanintermediatesociallevelbetweentheindividualandlarger“secondary”institutionsbasedonimpersonalnreslhaitpios.Primaryinstitutionscomprisingthesupportnetworkincludekinship,peer,andneighborhoodorcommunitysubgroups.Amajorfunctionofself-helpnetworksisfinancialsupport.Mostscholarsagree

5、thatminoritybusinessownershavedependedprimarilyonfamilyfundsandethniccommunityresourcesforinvestmentcapital.Personalsavingshavebeenaccumulated,oftenthroughfrugallivinghabitsthatrequiresacrificesbytheentirefamilyandarethusaproductoflong-termfamilyfinancialbehavior.Additionalloansandgiftsfromrelatives

6、,forthcomingbecauseofgroupobligationratherthannarrowinvestmentcalculation,havesupplementedpersonalsavings.Individualentrepreneursdonotnecessarilyrelyontheirkinbecausetheycannotobtainfinancialbackingfromcommercialresources.Theymayactuallyavoidbanksbecausetheyassumethatcommercialinstitutionseithercann

7、otcomprehendthespecialneedsofminorityenterpriseorchargeunreasonablyhighinterestrates.Withinthelargerethniccommunity,rotatingcreditassociationshavebeenusedtoraisecapital.Theseassociationsareinformalclubsoffriendsandothertrustedmembersoftheethnicgroupwhomakeregularcontributionstoafundthatisgiventoeach

8、contributorinrotation.Oneauthorestimatesthat40percentofNewYorkChinatownfirmsestablishedduring1900-1950utilizedsuchassociationsastheirinitialsourceofcapital.However,recentimmigrantsandthirdorfourthgenerationsofoldergroupsnowemployrotatingcreditassociationsonlyoccasionallytoraiseinvestmentfunds.Somegr

9、oups,likeBlackAmericans,foundothermeansoffinancialsupportfortheirentrepreneurialefforts.ThefirstBlack-operatedbankswerecreatedinthelatenineteenthcenturyasdepositories（depository:n.存放处）fordues（due:n.复应付款）collectedfromfraternalorlodgegroups,whichthemselveshadsprungfromBlackchurches.Blackbanksmadelimit

10、edinvestmentsinotherBlackenterprises.IrishimmigrantsinAmericancitiesorganizedmanybuildingandloanassociationstoprovidecapitalforhomeconstructionandpurchase.They,inturn,providedworkformanyIrishhome-buildingcontractorfirms.Otherethnicandminoritygroupsfollowedsimilarpracticesinfoundingethnic-directedfin

11、ancialinstitutions.1. Basedontheinformationinthepassage,itwouldbeLEASTlikelyforwhichofthefollowingpersonstobepartofaself-helpnetwork?s childhood friends aunts reluigsioleaders neighbors banker(A) Theentrepreneur(B) Theentrepreneur(C) Theentrepreneur(D) Theentrepreneur(E) Theentrepreneur2. Whichofthe

12、followingillustratestheworkingofaself-helpsupportnetwork,assuchnetworksaredescribedinthepassage?(A) Apublichighschoolofferscoursesinbook-keepingandaccountingaspartofitsopen-enrollmentadulteducationprogram.(B) Thelocalgovernmentinasmallcitysetsupaprogramthathelpsteen-agersfindsummerjobs.(C) Amajorcom

13、mercialbankofferslow-interestloanstoexperiencedindividualswhohopetoestablishtheirownbusinesses.(D) Aneighborhood-basedfraternalorganizationdevelopsaprogramofon-the-job(on-the-job:adj.在职的)trainingforitsmembersandtheirfriends.(E) Acommunitycollegeofferscountryresidentstrainingprogramsthatcanleadtocert

14、ificationinavarietyoftechnicaltrades.3. Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutrotatingcreditassociations?(A) TheyweredevelopedexclusivelybyChineseimmigrants.(B) TheyaccountedforasignificantportionoftheinvestmentcapitalusedbyChineseimmigrantsinNewYorkintheearlytwentiethcentury.(C) Third-

15、generationmembersofanimmigrantgroupwhostartedbusinessesinthe1920swhavebeenunlikelytorelyonthem.(D) Theywerefrequentlyjointendeavorsbymembersoftwoorthreedifferentethnicgroups.(E) Recentimmigrantsstillfrequentlyturntorotatingcreditassociationsinsteadofbanksforinvestmentcapital.4. Thepassagebestsupport

16、swhichofthefollowingstatements?(A) Aminorityentrepreneurwhohadnoassistancefromfamilymemberswouldnotbeabletostartabusiness.(B) Self-helpnetworkshavebeeneffectiveinhelpingentrepreneursprimarilyinthelast50years.(C) Minoritygroupshavedevelopedarangeofalternativestostandardfinancingofbusinessventures.(D)

17、 Thefinancialinstitutionsfoundedbyvariousethnicgroupsowetheirsuccesstotheiruniqueformalorganization.(E) Successfulminority-ownedbusinessessucceedprimarilybecauseofthepersonalstrengthsoftheirfounders.5. Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthesecondparagraph?(A) Anargumentisdelineated,fol

18、lowedbyacounter-argument.(B) Anassertionismadeandseveralexamplesareprovidedtoillustrateit.(C) Asituationisdescribedanditshistoricalbackgroundisthenoutlined.(D) Anexampleofaphenomenonisgivenandisthenusedasabasisforgeneralconclusions.(E) Agroupofparallelincidentsisdescribedandthedistinctionsamongthein

19、cidentsarethenclarified.6. Accordingtothepassage,onceaminority-ownedbusinessisestablished,self-helpnetworkscontributewhichofthefollowingtothatbusiness?(A) Informationregardingpossibleexpansionofthebusinessintonearbycommunities(B) Encouragementofabusinessclimatethatisnearlyfreeofdirectcompetition(C)

20、Opportunitiesforthebusinessownertoreinvestprofitsinotherminority-ownedbusinesses(D) Contactwithpeoplewhoarelikelytobecustomersofthenewbusiness(E) Contactwithminorityentrepreneurswhoaremembersofotherethnicgroups7. ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattraditionalanalysesofminoritybusinesswouldbeLEASTlikel

21、ytodowhichofthefollowing?(A) Examinebusinessesprimarilyintheirsocialcontexts(B) Focusoncurrent,ratherthanhistorical,examplesofbusinessenterprises(C) Stresscommonexperiencesofindividualentrepreneursinstartingbusinesses(D) Focusonthemaintenanceofbusinesses,ratherthanmeansofstartingthem(E) Focusontheroleofindividualentrepreneursinstartingabusiness8. WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageabouttheIrishbuildingandloanassociationsmentionedinthelastparagraph?(A) Theywerestartedbythird-orfourth-generationimmigrants.(B) Theyoriginatedaso