高中英语阅读理解解题技巧讲解(配有例题)

1、高中英语阅读理解解题策略与技巧高考要求1. 理解文章主旨和要义；2. 理解文中具体信息；3. 根据上下文推断生词词义；4. 作出简单的推断和判断；5. 理解文章篇章结构；6. 理解作者写作意图、观点和态度。高考题型和解题技师通过详细分析历年高考英语试卷，我们可将阅读理解归纳为以下几种题型：主旨大意 题，细节理解题，推理判断题（含写作意图、目的等），词义猜测题。英语阅读理解题的技巧 与策略是学生提高阅读理解多需要具备的。一、主旨大意题（几乎每年高考都有，13题）这类题在设题时常会用到 title, subject, main idea, topic, theme等词。1. 归纳标题题特点：短小精

2、悍，一般多为一个短语；涵盖性强，一般能覆盖全文意思；精确性强，表达 范围要恰当，不能随意改变语意程度或色彩。常见命题形式有：What's the best title for the text?The best title for this passage is.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?真题范例（2012安徽卷）Why is pink or purple a color for girls and blue or brow n for boys?The answer depends lar

3、gely on cultural values as well as personal experiences. To the Egyptians, green was a color that representedthe hope and joy of spring, while for Muslims, it means heave n. Red is a symbol of good luck in many cultures. In China, childre n are give n money in a red envelope to bring good fortune in

4、 the New Year. For many nations, blue is a symbol of protection and religious beliefs. Greek people often wear a blue necklace hoping to protect themselves aga inst evils 灾祸）.People'schoice of colors is also in flue need by their bodies' reacti ons （反应）toward them. Green is said to be the mo

5、st restful color. It has the ability to reduce pain and relax people both men tally and physically. People who work in gree n en vir onment have bee n found to have fewer stomach aches.Red can cause a pers on's blood pressure to rise and in crease people's appetite食 欲）.Many decorators will i

6、n clude differe nt shades of red in the restaura nt. Similarly, many commercial websites will have a red "Buy Now" butt on because red is a color that easily catches a pers on's eye.Blue is ano ther cal ming color. Un like red, blue can cause people to lose appetite. So if you want to

7、eat less, some suggest that eat ing from blue plates can help.The next time you are deciding on what to wear or what color to decorate your room, think about the color carefully.63. Which of the following would be the most proper title for the text?A. Colors and Huma n BeingsB. The Cultural Meaning

8、of ColorC. Colors and Pers onal Experie ncesD. The Meaning and Fun cti on of Color2. 概括大意题包括寻找段落大意(topic)和文章中心思想(main idea),常见命题形式有：What is the gen eral/ma in idea of the passag？Which of the followi ng expresses the main idea>What is the subject discussed in the text?The writer of the story wants

9、 to tell us that.The passage/ text is mainly about.What'the article mai nly about ？范例 Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School an d, later, Bost on Colle

10、ge provided him with an excelle nt legal backgro und. He is prese ntly a corporati on lawyer in Miami, Florida.Q: What is the main idea of the passage?A. How Joshua Bin gham became a lawyer.B. Bin gham is a dilige nt stude nt.C. Joshua Bin gham received an excelle nt educati on.D. A good lawyer n ee

11、ds good educati on.【解题思路】此文没有主题句。全篇共四句，只陈述了四个细节(detail)性的事实。因此就答案本身看，个个都对。读者只能将所有的details综合起来，进行逻辑推理，才能构成一个没有言明的主题思想。由于文中主要涉及了Joshua Bin gham接受教育的情况，即作者想告诉我们的是：Joshua Bingham接受过良好的教育，所以答案是C。and th范例 In the 1930s, a lot of people in the USA were out of work. Among these people was a man named Alfred

12、Butts. He always had an interest in word games and to fill his time he planned a game which he called “ Lexico However, he was not completely satisfied with the game, so he made a number of changes to it and changed its name from“ Lexico ” to “ Alph ”Cross ” He wan ted to make some money from his ne

13、w game but he did n ' have any real commercial(商业性的)success.Q: The text is mai nly about.A. Lexico B. Three men C . A word game D. Alfred Butts.解题技巧：阅读理解文章多是议论文和说明文，这两种文体的结构可归纳为：提出问题论述问题一一得出结论或者阐明观点。对于这类文章，抓主题句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。 主 题句一般出现在文章的开头或结尾。主题句具有简洁性、概括性的特点。主题句在文章中的位置主要有以下几种情况：位于段首：一般而言，以演绎法撰写

14、的文章，主题句往往在文章的开头，即先点出主题， 然后围绕这一主题作具体的陈述。判断第一句是否为主题句，可具体分析段落的首句与第二， 三句的关系；如果从第二句就开始对第一句进行说明，论述或描述，那第一句就是主题句。 有些段落，在主题句后面有明显引出细节的信号词，如for example, an example of; first, seco nd,n ext, last, fin ally; to begi n with, also, besides; one, the other; some, other等。在阅读中应尽量禾 U 用上述信号词来确定主题句的位置。范例 People have d

15、iffere nt tastes in food. Some feel that they have n't eate n a meal un 1ess they have had steak or other red meat Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggpla nt and fresh fruit. 0th

16、ers could live on what were called fasfoods： a hamburger or hot dog French fries and a soft drink.位于段尾：有些文章会在开头列举事实，然后通过论证阐述作者的核心论点。因此，如 果第一句话不是概括性的或综合性的话，最好快速读一读段落的最后一个句子，看看它是否 具备主题句的特征。如果它具备主題句的特征，段落的主题思想就很容易确定了。一般说来， 当一种观点不易向人解释清楚或不易被人接受时，主题句便会到段落的末尾才出现。学生可 以充分禾U用引出结论的信号词。女口so, therefore, thus，co

17、nsequently; in conclusion，in short；in a word, to sum up等来确定主题句的位置在段尾。当无明显的此类信号时，学生可在段落的最后一句话前面添加一个引出结论的信号词，以确定其是否是主题句。范例 America ns might be embarrassed because their Japa nesefrie nds are so formal with them. Japanese might feel insulted because American acquaintances greet them casuaSyill, the for

18、ms of greeti ng in both coun tries only show respect for others It just happe ns that America ns and Japa nese have a differe nt way of look ing at huma n relati on ships and thus have a differe nt way of show ing respect位于段中：有时段落是先介绍背景和细节，接着用一句综合或概括性的话概括前面所说 的内容或事例，然后再围绕主题展开对有关问题的深入讨论。这种文章的主题句往往会在段

19、 落中间出现。归纳起来主要有两种情况：先提出问题，然后给予回答(主题句)，最后给予解释；或者，先提出问题，然后点出主题思想(主题句)，最后给予解释。范例 In spite of the fact that cars from Germany and Japan are flooding the American market. Ford, General Motors, and Chrysler are employing more workers than ever before . The flood of cheaper foreign cars has not cost America

20、n autoworkers their job as some experts expected Ford operates as far as Asia , and General Motors is considered Australia's biggest employer. Yet General Motors has its huge American work force and employs hundreds of people every day to meet the n eeds of an in satiable society首尾呼应：主题句在段落的开头和结

21、尾两个位置上先后出现，形成前呼后应的格局。这两个主题句叙说的是同一个内容，但用词不尽相同，这样不但强调了主题思想，而且显得灵活 多变。这两个句子并非简单重复，后一个主题句或对该主题作最后的评述，或对要点作一概 括，或使之引申留给读者去思考。无明确主题句：找关键词(出现频率较高)，归纳总结。范例 Bats are the only animals that truly fly. These animals use their leathery wings differe ntly from birds. Birds flap their wings up and dow n, while bat

22、s use both their wings and legs, which makes them seem as if they are swimming through the air Even though bats take much Ion ger，stro nger strokes tha n birds, they still can beat their wi ngs as ofte n as twenty times per second!此段落的主题词是：bats, birds, differe nt, fly .归纳出段落的中心思想是：Bats are differe n

23、t from birds in flying .注意：新题型中有一个选项是干扰项，解答此类题时同学易犯以下三种错误：(1) 表述过于片面，只涵盖该段个别细节；(2) 表述过于笼统，超出该段的内容；(3) 表述与段落内容无关，在段落中找不到相关依据.二、细节理解题（高考比例较大）考查内容主要涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、数字等；议论文中例证细节； 定义类细节。这类题目的共同特点是：答案一般都能在文章中找到。当然，答案并不一定是 文章中的原句，考生需要根据文章提供的信息自己组织语句回答问题。1. 事实细节题一寻读法（先读题，带着题干信息快速浏览全文）分为直接理解题和间接理解题，前者常用w

24、ho, what, which, when, where, why和how提问, 或判断正误；后者需与原文信息转换，表达上与原文有差异。常见命题形式有：What can we lear n from the passage?All the follow ing are men tio ned except .Which of the followi ng is men ti oned （not men ti on ed）?Which of the followi ng stateme nts is true/right/false/wro ng about？真题范例（2012江西卷）Mark

25、had been scolded before for touching his father's equipment. But his curiosity was difficult to con trol and this new computer really puzzled him.56. Why did Mark touch the computer against his fatherswarning?A. He wan ted to take a voyage.B He wan ted to practice his skillC. He was so much attr

26、acted by it.D He was eager to do an experiment.2. 排列顺序题一首尾定位法（找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，用排除法缩小范围） 常出现在记叙文和说明文中，一般按事件发生的顺序。常见命题形式有：Which of the following is the correct order of ?Which of the follow ing shows the path of sig nals described in Paragraph ?真题范例（2011山东卷）Since the 1970s, scientists have been searchi

27、ng for ways to link the brain with computers. Brai n-computer in terface（BCI） tech no logy could help people with disabilities send comma nds to mach in es.The researchers desig ned a special cap for the user. This head cover picks up the sig nals from the scalp（头皮）and sends them to a computer. The

28、computer in terprets the sig nals and comma nds the motorized wheelchair. The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path. They help the computer react to comma nds from the brain.73. Which of the follow ing shows the path of the sig nals described in Paragraph 5?A. scalpcomput

29、er cap wheelchairB. computer cap scalpwheelchairC. scalp cap computer wheelchairD. cap computer scalp wheelchair3. 图文匹配题按图索骥理清线索设题形式：给出图表，根据图表提问问题。（略）4. 数字计算题（方法：审题带着冋题找细节对比、分析、计算）可直接找到相关细节，但需经过计算方可找到答案。真题范例（2012福建卷）Affordable pla ns that I can understand-and no con tract to sig n （签订）! Un like othe

30、r cell phones Jitterbug has plans that make sense. Why should I pay for minutes I'm never going to use? And if I do talk more than I plan, I won't find myself with no minutes like my friend who has a prepaid phone. Best of all, there is no con tract to sigso I'm n ot locked in for years

31、at a time. The US-based customer service is sec ond to none. And the phone gets service any where in the country.Mon thly Minu tes50100Mon thly Rate$14.99$19.99911 AccessFREEFREELong Dista nee CallsNo additi onal chargeNo additi onal chargeFrie ndly Retur n Policy30 days30 days64. On the mon thly ba

32、sis of 100 mi nutes, the Jitterbug weekly rate is about.A. $3.75B. $4.99C. $14. 99 D. $19.99三、推理判断题（失分较多、难度最大的题型）主要考查学生对文章中隐含或深层的含意的理解能力。它要求考生根据文章内容做出合 乎逻辑的推断，包括考生对作者观点的理解，态度的判断，对修辞、语气、隐含意思等的理 解。题干关键词：infer（推断）,i ndicate（象征，暗示）,imply/suggest（暗示）,con elude作出结论）, assume假定，设想）.1. 细节推理判断题 一般可根据短文提供的信息或借

33、助生活常识进行推理判断，常见命题形式有：It can be in ferred/ con cluded from the text that.The author implies/ suggests that.We may infer that.Which of the followi ng stateme nts is implied but NOT stated?真题范例（2012天津卷）Some eyes rolled and there were a few low groa ns 嘟囔声）whe n Ms.Yates was about to speak. Many started

34、look ing at their watches and coming up with excuses to be any where in stead of prepari ng to liste n to a lecture from and old woma n who had few kind words for her stude nts and made them work harder tha n all the other teachers comb in ed.42. What can be in ferred from Paragraph 2?A. Some gradua

35、tes were too busy to liste n to Ms. Yat6speech.B. Many graduates disliked Ms. Yatesways of teach ing.C. Some people got tired from the reunion activities.D. Most people had little in terest in the reunion.2. 预测推理判断题根据语篇对文章接下来的内容或可能的结局进行猜测，常见命题形式有:What do you think will happe n if/whe n ？At the end o

36、f this passage, the writer might con ti nue to write.3. 推测文章来源或读者对象常见命题形式有：The passage is probably take out of.The passage would most likely be found in.Where does this text probably come from?真题范例（2012北京卷）The Basics of Math Made ClearBasic Math introduces students to the basic concepts of mathemati

37、cs, as well as the fun dame ntals of more tricky areas. These 30 fan tastic lectures are desig ned to provide stude nts with an un dersta nding of arithmetic and to prepare them for Algebr代数）and bey ond.If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange it for any o

38、ther course that we offer. Or you can get your money back.59. Where is the passage most likely to have bee n take n from?A. A n ews report.B. A book reviewC. A less on pla n.D. An advertiseme nt4. 写作意图、目的、态度推断题作者的语气态度往往不会直接写在文章里，只能通过细读文章，从作者的选词及其修饰 手段中体会出来。询问写作目的的题，选项里常出现的词是：explain（解释）,prove （证明）,p

39、ersuade劝说）,advise（劝告）,comment评论）,praise（赞扬）,criticize（批评）,entertain（娱乐）, dem on strate举例说明）,argue（辩论）,tell（讲述），an alyze份析）等。询问语气态度的题，选项里 常出现的词是：neutral（中立的）,sympathetic（同情的）,satisfied（满意的）,friendly（友好的）, enthusiastic（热情的）,subjective（主观的）,objective（客观的）,matter-of-fact（实事求是的）, pessimistic（悲观的）,optimis

40、tic（乐观的）,critical（批评的）,doubtful（怀疑的）,hostile（敌对的）, in differe nt（冷淡的）,disappoi nted（失望的）。常见命题形式有：The purpose of the text is.What is the main purpose of the author writing the text?By men tio ning ,the author aims to show thatWhat is the author ' s attitude towards ？What is the author opinion on？

41、The author ' s tone in this passage is.真题范例（2012陕西卷）Spring is coming, and it is time for those about to graduate to look for jobs. Competition is tou gh, so job seekers must carefully con sider their pers onal choices. Whatever we are weari ng，our family and frie nds may accept us, but the workp

42、lace may not.As a hiri ng man ager I am paid to choose the people who would make the best impressi on on o ur customers. There are ple nty of well-qualified can didates, so it is not wrong to reject some one wh o might disappoint my customers. Even though I am open-minded, can' expect all our cu

43、stomers are.60. The author' attitude towards strange dress styles in the workplace may best be described_asA. en thusiastic B. n egative C positive D. sympathetic解答技巧：推断题是考查学生透过文章表面的文字信息进行分析、综合、归纳等逻辑推理的能力。推 理和判断必须以事实为依据，切莫主观臆断。 那些文章中直接陈述的内容不能选，要选择根据文章推理出来的选项。 推理不是凭空猜测，而是立足已知推断未知；作出正确答案时一定要在文中找到依

44、据或 理由。 要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。不能以自己的观点代替作者的想法； 不要脱离原文主观臆断。四、词义猜测题考点：猜测某个词、词组、句子的意义；对文中的多义词或词组进行定义；判断 某个代词的指代的对象。常见命题形式有：The un derli ned word/phrase in the sec ond paragraph means.The word “ it/they ” in the last sentence refers toThe word“（'Line 6. para.2） probably means.The word“（工ine 6. para.2

45、） could best be replaced by which of the following?Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “'？解题技巧：1通过因果关系猜词通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词（如because as, since, for，so，thus，as a resul，of course, therefore等等）表示前因后果。例如： You should n't have blamed him for that for it was n't his fault.通过for引出的句子所表示的原因（那不是他的错），可猜出blame的词义是"责备"。