高中英语-写作基本句型

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上第一节 句子类型一、句子类型按语气划分 1.陈述句（肯定句、否定句） 2.疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）3.祈使句 4.感叹句 句子类型 1. （主谓） 2. （主系表）1.简单句 3. （主谓宾） 4. （主谓间宾直宾）5. （主谓宾宾补）按结构划分 1.转折并列句 but,yet,however,while 2.并列句 2.因果并列句 for,so,therefore 3.联合并列句 and,not onlybut also 4.选择并列句 or,otherwise,eitheror 1.主语从句2.表语从句 名词性从句3.复合句 3.宾语从句4.同位语从句5.

2、定语从句 形容词性从句6.状语从句 副词性从句(1)、简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语动词（或并列谓语动词）构成的句子。简单句的5种基本句型结构如下：1主 + 谓 例如：Thesunrises.2主 + 谓 （系） + 表 例如：He is hungry.3主 + 谓 + 宾 例如：Iprefercoffee.4. 主 + 谓 + 直宾 + 间宾 例如：Motherboughthera doll.5主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补 例如：TheycallmeXiao Zhang.(2)、并列句：由两个或两个以上等立而又相互独立的简单句构成，两个简单句由并列连词连在一起。 其结构是： 简

3、单句+并列连词+简单句1. I help him and he helps me .2. He failed many times but he wasnt discouraged.3. We must hurry, or we shall miss the train.4. Not only did he write to us but also he came here yesterday.5. Either he didnt speak clearly or I didnt hear well.(3)、复合句：简单句中的某一个成分由一个句子来充当。1.名词性丛句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语

4、从句、同位语从句1) What he said just now is right. 2) He said that he had seen the film.3) This is why he didnt go to school.4) The news that he has passed the exam made me happy.引导名词性从句的连词有: what, that, which, if, whether, who, whom, whose, when ,how, where, why, ever.2.形容词性从句：定语从句1) The man who is standin

5、g there is White.2) The building which was built is a school. 3) This is the place where I lived.引导定语从句的连词有： that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why.3. 副词性从句：状语从句 (条件、时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、比较、让步状语从句）引导状语从句的连词有：when, while, as, as soon as, after, since, until, till, where, if, unless, because, in

6、 order that, sothat, though, wherever, whenever, as as, not soas, than二五种简单句的结构练习：翻译下列句子。1.主语谓语（vi.） (+状语) S+vi构成句子主体部分。Vi后不能直接带宾语，但有时为了表示动作发生的频率、原因、结果、目的、地点、时间等，可以用状语来修饰。1)开始上课。 2)他的父亲出国了。 3)吉姆在公园跑步。 4)我们停下来休息。 5)他们在操场上玩。 2.主语连系动词表语（+状语）连系动词的类别: (1) be(2) 感官动词：look, seem, appear, smell, taste, soun

7、d, feel (3) 表持续的动词：remain, keep , stay, continue (4) 表变化的动词：get, become, turn, grow , 表语通常由名词、副词、形容词、代词、数词、介词短语及不定式充当。6) 水果有益健康。 7）母亲通常对孩子们期望较高。 8）电话中她的声音听起来微弱又怪异。 9）他今天缺勤。 10）他未接受过培训，这是一个严重的的缺陷。 .主语谓语（vt.）宾语（+状语）Vt.后必须接宾语才能使聚义表达完整，句子的宾语可以由名词、代词、动名词、不定式、从句或相当于名词的词、短语等来充当。 11) 他儿子碰到一个残疾孩子。 12）昨天他大儿子在

8、超市碰到一个残疾孩子。 13）学生们停下笔。 14) 他们想走。 15）她知道下一步做什么。 .主语谓语（vt.）间宾直宾=主语+谓语（vt）+直宾+介词+间宾 直接宾语是vt.的直接对象，间接宾语是vt.的动作所涉及的人或物，即间接宾语是指动作是对谁做的，或为谁做的，所以只能是名词或宾格代词担当间接宾语。16)我给约翰买了生日礼物。 17)请告诉我你的电话号码。 18)玛丽给她最好的朋友发了一张明信片。 19)我为他找了一张多余的票。 20)要我给你叫辆出租车吗？ 一些间接宾语可改成由to引起的短语，表示动作向谁。一些间接宾语可改成由for引起的短语，表示动作为谁.主语谓语（vt.）宾语宾补

9、(+状语)名词、形容词、副词、非谓语动词和介词等都可以作宾补。21)我们将让你当船长。 22)经理要汤姆离开。 23）他的话是总统处于艰难境地。 24) 我看到这个男孩在河边玩耍。 25) 残疾人发现这个网站很有用。 他讨厌的话令我很生气。 这个鼓舞人心的故事让我很受鼓舞。 There be/ stand/ lie/live 结构1）There is a computer on the desk.2）There will be thousands of visitor in Guangzhou next month.3）There used to be a river here.4）There

10、 stands a temple on the top of the mountain.5）There lived an old fisherman here 10 years ago.26) 课室里有很多桌子。 27) 树下有一个漂亮的女孩。 Keys:1. Class begins.2. His father has gone abroad.3. Jim runs in the park.4. We stopped to have a rest.5. They are playing on the playground.6. Fruit is beneficial to your heat

11、h.7. Mothers are often highly ambitious for their children.8. His voice sounded weak and strange on the phone.9. He is absent from class today.10. His lack of training was a serious disability.11. Her son met a disabled child.12. Yesterday her elder son met a disabled child in the street.13. Student

12、s stopped writing.14. They want to go.15. She knows what to do next.16. I bought John a birthday present.17. Please tell me your telephone number.18. Mary sent a postcard to her best friend.19. I found a spare ticket for him.20. Shall I order a taxi for you?21. We will make you captain.22. The manag

13、er asked Tom to leave.23. His speech left the President in a very difficult position.24. He saw the boy play by the river.25. Disabled people find the website beneficial.His annoying words made me annoyed.The encouraging story made me encouraged,26. There were many desks in the classroom. 27. There

14、is a pretty girl under the tree.句子成分课后练习题 (一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词（4分， 4分钟） The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficul

15、t.(二) 选出句中谓语的中心词（10分， 10分钟） I don't like the picture on the wall.A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus?A. Do B. usually C.go D. bus There will be a meeting at the library this

16、 afternoon.A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A.Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.A. Tom B. didn't C. do D. his homework What I want to tell you is this.A. want B. to tell C. you D. is We had

17、better send for a doctor.A. We B. had C. send D. doctor He is interested in music.A. is B. interested C. in D. music Whom did you give my book to?A. give B.did C. whom D. book(三) 挑出下列句中的宾语（10分，10分钟） My brother hasn't done his homework. People all over the world speak English. You must pay good a

18、ttention to your pronunciation. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. They made him monitor of the class. Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. You

19、will find it useful after you leave school. They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is. (四) 挑出下列句中的表语（5分， 5分钟） The old man was feeling very tired. Why is he worried about Jim? The leaves have turned yellow. Soon They all became interested in the subject. She was the first to lea

20、rn about it. (五) 挑出下列句中的定语（6分，6分钟） They use Mr, Mrs with the family name. What is your given name? On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe! (六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语（6分， 6

21、分钟） She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus. Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now? (七) 挑出下列句中的状语（8分

22、， 8分钟） There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. She loves the library because she loves books. I am afraid that

23、 if you've lost it, you must pay for it. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine. (八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语（5分， 5分钟） Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen.Give it to Tom. Did he leave any messa

24、ge for me?答案 (一) teacher man dictionary To do(二) B A C A C C D C A A (三)homework. English. attention words to go swimming he was ill. him monitor bridge museum it school. who"Father Christmas"really is.(四)tired. worried yellow. interested the first(五) family giventhird some downstairs of t

25、he other shoe!(六)to read newspapers and books to take the boy difficult Lily get on the bus playing football (七) on her face. Every night when he was eleven. too fast. With the medicine box under her arm because she loves books. if youve lost it to see the other machine.(八) us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语 me

26、, 间接宾语 a new bike, 直接宾语 us, 间接宾语 history, 直接宾语 Tom, 间接宾语 it, 直接宾语 me, 间接宾语 message, 直接宾语 第二节 句子成分一、句子成分的分类1.Subject (主语) The sun rises in the east.主语是句子的主要成分。除了命令式的祈使句之外，句子中一般不可以没有主语。 名词作主语: Mr. Black has gone out. 代词作主语: Many of them havent brought bags. 动名词作主语: Laughing is helpful to health.动词不定式词

27、组作主语: To look after her is my duty.从句作主语: What he said is not true.2.Predicate.（谓语） We study English.谓语也是句子的主要成分，必需由动词来表达。除了只有主语的主格句之外，句子中一般不可以没有谓语。作谓语的动词有两大类型:行为动词和连系动词。 行为动词表示主体的动作行为，有及物动词（vt.）和不及物动词(vi.)之分。vt.+宾语；vi.+介+宾语。有些动词既可以作vt又可以作vi.。连系动词包括be动词，感官动词和表变化的动词，后接表语。 及物动词作谓语: He can make it very

28、 well. 不及物动词作谓语: She arrived in Beijing last week. 连系动词作谓语： a.be动词： b.感官动词: She looks very young. The music sounds wonderful. It smells terrible. The dish tastes delicious. The cup feels cold. c.表持续或变化的动词: He has become a doctor. It was getting dark. The leaves turned yellow. Jane has grown taller.

29、Keep healthy. The girl seems much better. Everybody appears well prepared.3. Object（宾语） We love China.动词和介词后用宾语。名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式和从句都可以作为宾语。 名词作宾语： Did you enjoy the party yesterday? 代词作宾语： He went over and picked it up. 动名词作宾语： Do you like fishing? 动词不定式作宾语： I want to dance. 从句作宾语： He asked if you wo

30、uld go there.4. Predictive（表语） We are Chinese.表语一般是由名词、代词、数词、形容词、动名词或动词不定式词组来表达。 名词作表语： Jim is an engineer. 代词作表语: Its mine. 数词作表语: The number of the classes is twenty. 形容词作表语: Its swift and convenient. 动名词作表语: His hobby is playing tennis. 动词不定式词组作表语: My job is to keep the blackboard clean. 从句作表语: M

31、y suggestion is that we should ask people for help.5.Attributive/Attribute（定语） This is a difficult problem.定语是句子的次要成分，在句子中起到补充说明主语和宾语的作用。一般用在主语和宾语前的称为“前置定语”，是主语和宾语的修饰语，其格式是：(定语）、主语、谓语、（定语）、宾语。 数词作定语: That room has eight rooms. 代词作定语: My father loves little dogs. 形容词作定语: He is a naught boy. 现在分词作定语:

32、The annoying words made me annoyed. 过去分词作定语: There are lots of fallen trees. 如果在句子中数词、代词和形容词同时修饰一个对象，就应该按照数词、代词、形容词这样的词序来写。 例如： Jenny knows the two other little girls. (数词)(代词)(形容词) 有些定语是放在主语和宾语后面的，称为“后置定语”。这时句子的格式是： 主语、(定语）、谓语、 宾语、 (定语）。 介词作定语: The boy in blue likes the book on the desk. 形容词作定语: Th

33、eres something wrong with my watch. 现在分词作定语: The girl standing there works in a bank. 过去分词作定语: The pen bought by his mother is expensive. 动词不定式作定语: His ambition to become prime minister is likely to be realized. 从句作定语: We should help those who have disabilities. 6.Completement(补语) We elected him mon

34、itor.在句子的宾语后面还可以再跟一个宾语补足语，它的作用是补充说明前面宾语的动作、性质和状态。名词、形容词、现在分词、过去分词和动词不定式都可以作宾语补足语。 名词作宾语补足语: Her parents named her Rose. 形容词作宾语补足语: He got everything ready. 现在分词作宾语补足语: You kept me waiting for a long time. 过去分词作宾语补足语: Hurry up. Theres little time left. 动词不定式作宾语补足语: He wanted me to be here on time.7.A

35、dverbial（状语） He runs fast.状语也是句子的次要成分。英语中的状语按照在句子中所表达的意思分为九种：时间状语、地点状语、程度状语、方式状语、目的状语、比较状语、结果状语、原因状语和让步状语。 时间状语：I often get up at six in the morning. 地点状语: He was born in England. 程度状语: Mike is very strong and healthy. 方式状语: She goes to work by bike. 目的状语: He will come to our city for a visit next m

36、onth. 比较状语: Peter is taller than I. 结果状语: The shelf was so high that I couldnt get the book on it. 原因状语: All the fish died from water pollution. 让步状语: Although Tom was tired, he still worked on.a.时间状语和地点状语在句子中的位置 时间状语和地点状语是句子中最常见的状语。时间状语在句子中的位置一般放在句首或句尾，如果同时出现地点状语，那么地点状语的位置应该放在句尾的时间状语前，例如： Before li

37、beration he lived in Japan for several years. (时间状语) (地点状语) (时间状语) 表示时间概念的频度副词，如always, often, sometimes, seldom, never 在句子中的位子应该是在行为动词的前面或在连系动词的后面（注：sometimes可放在句首或句尾）。为了容易记忆，我们可以把它的位置归纳为四个字，叫做“do前be后”。 例如： “do前”： He seldom or never drinks.“be后”： She is always ready to help others.b.程度状语 程度状语一般都是副词。它放在形容词或副词前起到修饰形容词或副词的作用。它还可以单独使用来修饰动词。下列例句中的划线部分都属于程度状语。 修饰形容词：The apple isnt so hard. （那样） 修饰副词： He runs very fast. （非常）修饰动词： I dont quite agree with you.（完全） He is probably