物理普物实验报告

1、普物实验：刚体转动实验1600012159赵路恒周五下午 8 组 11 号仪器用具：刚体转动实验装置，停表，砝码及砝码托，游标卡尺，钢卷尺一、实验数据。𝑚0 (5,5)的位置1，表一：h = 85.5cmr = 2.5cm𝑚0 (5,5)的位置2,表二：h = 85.5cmm = 20.00g3,表三：h = 85.5cmm = 10.00gr = 2.5cm实际测量数据：g=9.8015m/s2二、数据处理。1，对上述表中的数据作直线图r/cm𝑟1𝑟2𝑟3𝑟4𝑟5测量值0.9811

2、.4811.9832.4772.978𝑥/cm𝑡1/s𝑡2/𝑠𝑡3/s𝑡/𝑠𝑥1 = 3.256.846.856.856.85𝑥2 = 5.757.667.757.727.61𝑥3 = 8.259.039.019.059.03𝑥4 = 10.7510.4910.5010.5610.52𝑥5 = 13.2512.0812.1012.1112.10r/cm𝑡1/s𝑡2/

3、9904;𝑡3/s𝑡/𝑠1/𝑟𝑡21.0020.5620.4320.4920.490.238191.5013.4913.3613.3513.400.371282.0010.1510.2010.1810.180.482472.508.058.108.128.090.611173.006.696.656.766.700.74256m/g𝑡1/s𝑡2/𝑠𝑡3/s𝑡/𝑠1/𝑡25.0019.2919.4319.5

4、019.410.0026510.0012.0812.1112.1512.110.0068215.009.529.609.469.530.0110220.008.098.048.098.070.0153625.007.077.127.047.080.0199630.006.516.486.396.460.0239635.005.935.945.955.940.02834即都为线性关系。2，对表一和表二中的数据进行线性拟合.对于表一，由于 m 的误差较小，故选取 m 作为拟合的自变量。表三的数据拟合1201008060402006080100120140160180200表二的数据拟合0.80.7

5、0.60.50.40.30.20.1000.0050.010.0150.020.0250.030.035表一的数据拟合0.030.0250.020.0150.010.005000.0050.010.0150.020.0250.030.0350.04由拟合数据可得：K = 0.8592𝑅2 = 0.9998 1 1𝜎= 𝐾𝑅2= 0.005𝐾1𝑛 2= 0.001𝜎𝐾2𝜎𝐾 = 𝜎𝐾12 + ⼛

6、0;𝐾22 = 0.005可得：K ± 𝜎𝐾 = 0.859 ± 0.005由理论公式：gr2I =2hKr ± 𝜎𝑟 = 2.477 ± 0.001𝑐𝑚 h ± 𝜎 = 85.5 ± 0.2cmK ± 𝜎𝐾 = 0.859 ± 0.0052𝜎𝑟𝜎𝜎𝐾𝜎 = &#

7、119868;()2 + ()2 + ()2 = 0.03 × 103kgm2𝐼𝑟𝐾带入数据可得：I ± 𝜎𝐼 = (4.17 ± 0.03) × 103kgm2.对于表二，由于 r 的误差较小，故选取 r 作为拟合的自变量。1/t2表一数据的线性拟合0.030.028340.0250.020.0150.010.0050.00265000.0050.010.0150.020.0250.030.0350.04砝码质量/gy = 0.8R²592x - 0.0= 0.9

8、9980170.023960.019960.015360.011020.00682由拟合数据可得：K = 24.973𝑅2 = 0.9993 1 1𝜎= 𝐾𝑅2= 0.4𝐾1𝑛 2𝜎𝐾2 = 0.2𝜎𝐾 = 𝜎𝐾12 + 𝜎𝐾22 = 0.4可得：K ± 𝜎𝐾 = 25.0 ± 0.4由理论公式：mgI =2hKm

9、77; 𝜎𝑚 = 20.00 ± 0.05g h ± 𝜎 = 85.5 ± 0.2cmK ± 𝜎𝐾 = 0.859 ± 0.005𝜎𝑚𝜎𝜎𝐾𝜎 = 𝐼()2 + ()2 + ()2 = 0.04 × 103kgm2𝐼𝑚𝐾带入数据可得：I ± 𝜎𝐼 = (4.59 ± 0.04) × 103kgm2.三、分析与讨论1、总结从调节实验装置和操作两个方面，怎样做才能减小在实验中产生的系统误差和随机误差。调节实验装置时要保证转动轴与水平面垂直；滑轮与线轴同高；绕线时要尽量密 排；拉力与转动轴要垂直。操作时要注意砝码时要轻放，避免手的冲量对数据造成影响；换不同半径测量时要及时调整滑轮高度和位置，保证同高和垂直的条件；时间时可以通过落地声来进行。四、收获与感想。通过此次实验学习了测量刚体转动惯量的方法，了解了不同方法对测量结果1/rt2表二数据的线性拟合