对于线性图表的描述

1、对于线性图表的描述上升1. 对于上升趋势的描述：a. 可以使用的动词或动词词组：to increaseto go upto riseto growto jumpto leapto soarto shootto pick upb. 可以使用的名词：an increasea growtha jumpa soaran upward trend2. 对于上升到某个位置的描述：a. 1. a. 中的动词to具体数据。b. 1. a. 中的动词tothe peak of具体数据。c. 1. a. 中的动词reaching the peak of +具体数据。d. 1. a. 中的动词reaching +

2、具体数据。e. to peak at 具体数据f. to climb to + 具体数据3. 对于上升的程度的描述：a. 1. a. 中的动词by 具体数据。b. 1. a. 中的动词副词。(见下降1. 对于下降趋势的描述：a. 可以使用的动词或动词词组：to fallto decreaseto go downto slideto collapseto declineto dropb. 可以使用的名词：a collapsea decreasea falla declinea drop2. 对于下降到某个位置的描述：a. 1. a. 中的动词to具体数据。b. 1. a. 中的动词tothe b

3、ottom of具体数据。c. 1. a. 中的动词reaching the bottom of +具体数据。d. 1. a. 中的动词reaching + 具体数据。3. 对于下降程度的描述：a. 1. a. 中的动词by 具体数据。b. 1. a. 中的动词副词。(见对于平稳的趋势的描述：可以使用的动词或动词词组：to hardly changeto have little changeto keep steadyto level offto remain constantto stay the same表示程度的副词：1. 程度较大：considerablydramaticallygre

4、atlymarkedlyobviouslyquicklyrapidlysharplysignificantlysuddenly2. 程度较小：slightlygraduallyslowlysteadily时间的嵌入嵌入时间时所使用的介词和介词词组：infromtobetween.andduringandat the start of by the end of over at the end of throughout 时间s + 具体数据上升和下降趋势的组合描述(嵌入了时间和程度之后)：1. 先上升后下降的句型：. increased slowly during and but fell s

5、harply in .A steady fall in during and followed the sharp increase in .2. 先下降后上升的句型： fell before began to make a recovery continue the recovery, climbing to dropped during but increased again in fell and then pick up during collapsed before rising to at the end of 3. 起伏波动的句型： fluctuated sharply all

6、through 4. 波动不大的句型： hardly changed through the period between and 柱状图形的描述转换为线形图形的描述饼状图形的描述对于百分比进行描述所使用的句型： % the is/has/have/are accounts for % of the total takes up % in the whole chart趋势的比较1. 表示相似的句型 (实例) ：Both share prices rose sharply in January.Neither company has made a profit yet.Like X, Y fe

7、ll in June.X rose just as sharply as Y.2. 表示差异的句型(实例)：X fell sharply whereas/while Y remained steady.X fell quickly compared to Y.Unlike Y, X rose by 10%.X rose far more dramatically than Y.3. 表示倍数的句型：the doubled/tripled in compared with those in 4. 客观比较的句型： is in contrast to 数据的修饰1. 表示不足的词或词组：up to

8、belowunderalmostnearly2. 表示超过的词或词组：overmore thanjust over3. 表示大约的词：about补充一点点：一. 主章开头 图表类型：table; chart; diagram; graph; column chart; pie graph 描述：show; describe; illustrate; can be seen from; clear; apparent; reveal; represent 内容：figure; statistic; number; percentage; proportion 二. 表示数据 一般：have 10

9、%; at 10%;over 10% 最高(低)点：peaked; reached a peak/high(point) bottomed out; reached the bottom 变化：recover 略有回升； increase; jump; rise/rose; climb decrease; fall/fell; drop; decline; reduce fluctuate 浮动，摇摆不定 remained steady/stable; stay the same; little/hardly any /no change 变化程度：sudden/suddenly 突然的，意外

10、的 rapid/rapidly 迅速的，飞快的，险峻的 dramatic/dramatically 戏剧性的，生动的 significant/significantly 有意义的，重大的，重要的 sharp/sharply 锐利的，明显的，急剧的 steep/steeply 急剧升降的 steady/steadily 稳固的，坚定不移的 gradual/gradually 渐进的，逐渐的 slow/slowly 缓慢的，不活跃的 slight/slightly轻微的、略微地 stable/stably 稳定的 表示范围：fromto betweenand for to 多长时间直到 表示程度：

11、almost adv. 几乎，差不多 nearly adv. 几乎，密切地 approximately adv. 近似的，大约 about adv. 附近， 大约，转向，左右，周围 just over 刚超过 over adv. 结束，越过，从头到尾 exactly adv. 正确地，严密地 precisely adv. 正好 精确地；清晰地 比例：20 per cent 20% one in three 1/3 one out of every four 1/4 三。常用词 significant changes 图中一些较大变化 noticeable trend 明显趋势 during t

12、he same period 在同一时期 grow/grew 增长 distribute 分布，区别 unequally 不相等地 pronounced 明显的 average 平均 no doubt 无疑地 corresponding adj. 相应的，通讯的 represent vt. 阐述，表现 overall 总体上讲 except 除外 in the case of adv. 在的情况下 in contrast 相反，大不相同 in conclusion adv. 最后，总之 in comparison 相比之下 inversely adv. 相反地，倒转地 in general 通

13、常，大体上，一般而言 rang from excessive adj. 过多的，过分的，额外 lower v.降低，跌落 elapse vi.(时间)过去，消逝 category n.种类 government policy 政府政策 market forces 市场规率 measure n. 尺寸，方法，措施 v.估量，调节 forecast n. 先见，预见 v. 预测1.有用的词上升：increase rise ascend core surge go up climb mount level up 下降: decrease fall drop descend decline reduc

14、e lessen level down 平稳:stable steady remain/maintain/keep/be the same as/similar to 波动:fluctuate fluctuation rise and falls up and down 占:occupy take up account for gain 而:while however whereas on the other hand actually/in fact 相比:by contract on the contrary likewise compared with 最高点:the highest t

15、he top the summit the peak the most 最低点:bottom less least rock bottom 平均:mean average 趋势:tendancy trend inclination 预见:prediction 达到顶峰: mount to 在*中占*:*gain the percentage of 有一个稳定的过程:a stable period can be seen 原则：A.不可能写的很好，关键是要很稳地写清楚。B.概括一些内在关联性或原因推测作为总结以下是引用zxc0470在2004-6-3 23:05:00的发言：1. As is s

16、hown by the graph/in the table。(概述图表)正如曲线所示，最近54年来该国人口飞速增长。As is shown by the graph,there has been a rapid increase in the population of the country in the past five years.2. It can be seen from the table that (得出结论)shown graphconcluded figuresestimated statisticsA. 从表中所给的统计数字可以看出，从1985年到1990年中国的人均收

17、入迅速提高。From the statistics given in the table it can be seen that the average personal income of the Chinese people increased (grew 、rose) rapidly from 1985 to 1990.B. 从曲线图可以得出结论，最近5年来中国人口的出生率已经大大下降。It can be concluded from the graph that there has been a great decline in birth rates in China in the

18、past five years.3. amount to (数量总计)add up tocome to sum up to全部费用合计200美元。All the expenses (costs) amount to (= add up to) $ 200.4. increase from to (数量增减)decreaserisefalldropA. 这个工厂生产的彩电已由1986年的5000台增加到1990年的21000台。The number of colour TV sets produced by the factory increased (rose , grew , climbed

19、) from 5000 in 1986 to 21000 in 1990.B.参加者的人数增加到30万。The number of paticipants grew up to 300000 persons = increased , reaching 300000 persons).C. 这个学校的教职工人数已减少到700人。The number of teaching staff members in this school has decreased to 700 persons.5.(be)three times as + 形容词 + as 总产量 total output 钢的年产量

20、 the annual output of 上升17% rise by 17per cent steel日产量 the daily output 导致产量下降 result in a diminished output 现在我们地区的粮食产量相当于1970年的3倍。The grain production (= output)in our area now is three times as great as that of 1970.6.Compared with , 与去年相比，今年13项主要产品的产量都有大幅度增长。The factory has an output of 9 milli

21、on cigarettes daily.Compared with that of last year,the output of 13 main products (= items) this year has increased to a great extent.7.There is (was) a rapid rise in be on the risehas been sharp increase on the increasesudden decrease on the declinesteady declinegradual fallslow dropslight最近几年来这个地

22、区的棉花产量有了迅速增长。The cotton output in this area has increased rapidly in the past few years.“结尾”段落中常用的句型：1. In my opinion, 2. Personally, I 3. In short (= In brief), 4. In conclusion, 5.As far as Im concerned, 6. To conclude , it seems clear that 至于说到我，我赞成前一种观点。所以，我的结论是，只要我们坚持正确的东西，改正错误的东西，我们就一定能成功。As f

23、ar as Im concerned ,Im in favour of the former view.Therefore,my conclusion is that we are certain to succeed as long as we stick to what is right and correct what is wrong. =我再补充几点：同学们在选用描述图表变化的动词、名词，介词词组，形容词和程度副词方面要注意是否准确到位和形象。以下一些词汇大家重点揣摩：spiral upward / the demand for talents (fair ) spiraled up

24、ward / climbed drastically / soar / surge / experience an explosive growth / an acceleration / swell / manage a modest ( marginal ) gain / on the rise / on the ascendance / wane / shrink / slump / fall off / drop off / take a dip / take a nose dive / trend (tide ) / sth. continued its upward / downw

25、ard trend. / reach the plateau / the bottleneck / sth. level off / sth. remains steady / stable / unchanged / constant / stay the same / There was a slight drop( fall ) between 2000 / and 2005 / hugely / sharply / dramatically / drastically / substantially / steeply / incredibly / massively / surpri

26、singly / alarmingly / distressingly / slightly / steadily / gradually / marginally / moderately / gently / reach a ( the ) peak / the highest point / A record number of students / reach the nadir / reach the bottom / the rock bottom / experience a moderate fluctuation / swing / 另外，大家仔细研究我下面提供的五种描述图表

27、的句型，在考试的时候如果考到图表作文要会灵活使用。This bar chart describes significant changes in the ownership of houses in a big city in China. It can be seen from the chart that a very noticeable trend from 1990 to 2000 was the dramatic increase in the private ownership of houses as opposed to the huge drop in the state

28、ownership of houses. In 1990, three out of four houses were state-owned. However, by 2000, the percentage of the ownership of private houses has soared to 80%. The above chart reveals that the huge expansion in the private house ownership has been accompanied by a corresponding fall in the state own

29、ership of houses in a span of a decade. (1990-2000) As is suggested ( unfolded / demonstrated / illustrated / mirrored ) in the above chart, with the sharp rise in the private ownership of houses, the state ownership of houses has dramatically ( substantially / alarmingly ) dropped in a passage of a

30、 decade. (1990-2000) According to the above chart, there has been a drastic growth in the private ownership of houses, while the state ownership of houses has shrunk steeply over the past decade. ( 1990-2000)From the above chart, we can see distinctly that the private ownership of houses has witness

31、ed an huge rise as distinct from ( as opposed to / in contrast to / in comparison with ) the drastic decrease in the state ownership of houses in a matter of a decade. (1990-2000)人口增长对野生动物的影响（99年真题）2.图画/图表描述段 From these graphs, we can draw a conclusion that, with the growth of human population, the

32、number of species has decreased rapidly in America, and some species have even vanished from our planet.6.原因列军段Why does this phenomenon appear? There are several possible reasons for this. Above all, as the human population grows rapidly, a growing number of people came to live where some wild speci

33、es have been living. Then these species have to move to other places. Some of them probably can not adapt to the new environment and die. In addition, although many people look on the wildlife as their friends, some people may not think so. They catch a lot of wild animals and sell them in order to

34、get more money. Even worse(坏)/More importantly(好), as the result（中性） /consequence（贬义）of the industry, the natural balance and the ecologic environment are destroyed. The clear cutting has become increasingly serious. So some of the wildlife become homeless and extinct.10.建议措施段In order to protect the

35、 wildlife, I have some suggestions. First, the governments should make laws to prevent them from being caught and killed. Second, the governments should educate people to love nature and protect it. Third, as for ourselves, we should take practical actions to protect our living environment.烟草生产和消费（0

36、1年大纲样题）1.现象/现状说明段The majority of people would agree that cigarette smoking has caused serious problems. But the tobacco companies insist that they contribute greatly to the world economy by paying taxes to the government and employing hundreds of workers.4.利弊说明段Personally, I believe that cigarette p

37、roduction and consumption threatens to do more harm than good. Firstly, smoking is responsible for many fatal diseases such as lung cancer, heart diseases and so on. According to the survey, tobacco consumers account for about 20% of the world population, and among them, three million people die fro

38、m smoking-related diseases every year. The fact that the output of tobacco production is reduced from 143.64 billion pounds in 1994 to 142 billion pounds in 1995 also suggests that people have come to realize the negative effects of smoking. Secondly, tobacco consumption is extremely wasteful of mon

39、ey. As is indicated in the pictures, 200 billion US dollars is lost due to smoking each year. Obviously, the total loss of money around the globe substantially exceeds the gain in the industry.8.归纳结论段In conclusion, as the economic development aims at making our life better, we cannot sacrifice our h

40、ealth for short-term financial benefits. If we have to spend more and more money providing medical services for those who suffer from smoking-related illnesses, the notion of promoting economy via tobacco production is not justifiable. It is high time that we fought for the total tobacco ban.日用花销统计S

41、tatistics in People's Daily Expenses in Xi'anYearItem 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999Food 66% 61% 48% 41% 36%Clothing 9% 10% 12% 15% 18%Recreation 4% 5% 8% 9% 11%2.图画/图表描述段What is shown in the table above indicates that dramatic changes have taken place in the daily expenses in Xi' an from 1995

42、 to 1999. The expenses on food have declined by 30% while those on clothing and recreation have increased respectively by 9% and 7%. The statistics of rise and fall seem to exist in isolation but closely related to one another.6.原因列军段There are two factors accounting for these changes. Development in

43、 economy is an essential one in the five years. The increased income resulting from economic growth plays an important part in the less expense on food. Hence, a small percentage of total income is enough to cover food expense. Another one is the changes in life style. When food presents no worry to

44、 the average, people begin to focus more of interest on handsome appearance and happy leisure time. As a result of such a shift, spending on clothing and recreation increased year after year.9.趋势预测段From the analyses made above, we may come to the conclusion that people's living standards in Xi&#

45、39; an have been constantly improved between 1995 and 1999. With the further growth in economy and more changes in life style, the tendency indicated in the table will continue in the table will continue in the better direction.第一段：描述图表In the past _ years, 地点 witnessed / experienced an alarming change in主题 . 主题 in 时间1, was at a level of 数量, which accounts for比例/ equals as倍数 as it was in 时间2. From then on, the index of 主题 soared / climbed / slipped / went down sh