语态转换译法（课堂PPT）

1、 语态转换译法指主动语态和被动语态语态转换译法指主动语态和被动语态的互译，即把英语的被动语态的句子转译的互译，即把英语的被动语态的句子转译成汉语的主动语态的句子成汉语的主动语态的句子, 或把英语的主动或把英语的主动语态的句子转译成汉语的被动语态的句子语态的句子转译成汉语的被动语态的句子, 使译文显得地道自然，符合汉语习惯。语使译文显得地道自然，符合汉语习惯。语态转换译法是一种十分常见的翻译方法和态转换译法是一种十分常见的翻译方法和技巧。技巧。1 所谓所谓“被被”字句，就是在汉语的动词前面加上一字句，就是在汉语的动词前面加上一个个“被被”字来表示被动的句子。主要表示这个动字来表示被动的句子。主要

2、表示这个动作不利于受事者或这个情况有点特殊，或者出乎作不利于受事者或这个情况有点特殊，或者出乎意料。加上意料。加上“被被”字以引起读者的注意。字以引起读者的注意。2 例例1：Vitamin C is destroyed when it is overheated. 【译文译文】 维生素维生素C受热过度就会受热过度就会被被破坏。破坏。 例例2：Once the flower has been pollinated and fertilized, the plant provides the newly formed seeds with a reserve of food materials,

3、which will be needed when they themselves germinate. 【译文译文】花一旦花一旦被被授了粉并受了精，植株就会对授了粉并受了精，植株就会对新生种子提供养料贮藏，以备种子未来发芽之需。新生种子提供养料贮藏，以备种子未来发芽之需。3 例例3：She thought all was fair and legal, and never dreamt she was going to be entrapped into a feigned union with a defrauded wretched, already bound to a bad, ma

4、d, and imbruted partner! (Charlotte Bront: Jane Eyre) 【译文译文】她以为一切都是公正合法的，做梦也没她以为一切都是公正合法的，做梦也没想到过自己竟会想到过自己竟会被被诱入欺诈婚姻的圈套，跟一个诱入欺诈婚姻的圈套，跟一个骗子、疯子、十足的坏蛋缔结姻缘。骗子、疯子、十足的坏蛋缔结姻缘。4 “挨挨”仅用于翻译该动作是对动作接受者仅用于翻译该动作是对动作接受者（受事者）不利或不好的句子。（受事者）不利或不好的句子。 例例1：The boy was criticized yesterday. 【译文译文】这孩子昨天这孩子昨天挨挨了了一顿批评一顿批评。

5、 例例2：I was caught in the downpour. 【译文译文】我在大雨中我在大雨中挨挨浇了。浇了。 5 例例1：You have been wetted in the rain. 【译文译文】你你叫叫雨淋湿了。雨淋湿了。 例例2：The -rays are not affected by an electric field. 【译文译文】射线不射线不受受电场影响。电场影响。6 例例3：A lot of houses and buildings, roads and bridges were damaged in the seaquake. 【译文译文】许多房屋建筑、道路桥梁

6、在这次许多房屋建筑、道路桥梁在这次海啸中海啸中遭到遭到破坏。破坏。 例例4：It must be dealt with at the appropriate time with appropriate means. 【译文译文】这件事必须在适当的时候用适当这件事必须在适当的时候用适当的手段的手段予以予以处理。处理。7课堂互动课堂互动1： 翻译句子翻译句子, 顺译成被动句顺译成被动句 1Those who perform deeds of merit will be rewarded. 2Translation technique should be paid enough attention

7、to. 3The temperature of the earth is determined by the amount of solar heat which the atmosphere can keep. 4His father was killed before liberation. 5With a true democratic system, he said, Egypt would not have been defeated by Israel in 1967. 8译文欣赏译文欣赏 1. 立功的人将受到奖励。 2. 翻译技巧应予以足够的重视。 3. 地球的温度取决于大气能保

8、持多少热辐射。 4. 他爹在解放前给杀害了。 5. 他说倘有一个真正的民主制度，埃及就不会在1967年让（被）以色列打败了。9例例1：Love can not be forced. 【译文译文】爱情不能爱情不能强求强求。例例2：Love and cough cannot be hidden.【译文译文】爱情和咳嗽都无法爱情和咳嗽都无法隐藏隐藏。10 例例3：My holidays afternoons were spent in ramble about the surrounding country. (Washington Irving) 【译文译文】每每逢逢假日的下午，我总要漫步周假日的

9、下午，我总要漫步周围的乡村。围的乡村。 例例4：Illness must be correctly diagnosed before they can be treated with medicine. 【译文译文】疾病必须疾病必须先确诊先确诊，再，再用药用药。11 如果把英语的被动句译成汉语的被动句，则不符合汉语的如果把英语的被动句译成汉语的被动句，则不符合汉语的语言习惯，所以常可将英语的被动句顺译成汉语的主动句，语言习惯，所以常可将英语的被动句顺译成汉语的主动句，原文的谓语动词是被动形式，可转变谓语，顺译成汉语的原文的谓语动词是被动形式，可转变谓语，顺译成汉语的主动形式。主动形式。 例例1

10、：The teacher was satisfied with the answer. 【译文译文】老师对回答老师对回答感到满意感到满意。 例例2：I am told you are careless. 【译文译文】听说听说你很粗心大意。你很粗心大意。 例例3：The long river is originated from that high mountain. 【译文译文】这条大河这条大河发源于发源于那座山。那座山。 12 例例4：Language is a precious possession; it has, in fact, been called the door to kno

11、wledge. Knowing how to use language effectively allows us to communicate more clearly, listen more critically, and read more efficiently. Beyond those practical benefits, an interest in words and their mastery provides a lifelong source of pleasure. 【译文译文】高超的语言水平乃宝贵财富。诚然，语高超的语言水平乃宝贵财富。诚然，语言言是打开是打开知识

12、宝库大门的钥匙。语言运用得心应知识宝库大门的钥匙。语言运用得心应手，便能说得清楚，听得明白，看得真切。推敲手，便能说得清楚，听得明白，看得真切。推敲词字，斟酌语句，受益匪浅，其乐无限。词字，斟酌语句，受益匪浅，其乐无限。13 英语句子要着重表示的不是受事者受到了某个行英语句子要着重表示的不是受事者受到了某个行动这样一个事实本身，而是与这个行动有关的一动这样一个事实本身，而是与这个行动有关的一些具体情况，如时间、地点、方式、方法等。也些具体情况，如时间、地点、方式、方法等。也就是说，句子里强调的是行动的静态而不是动态就是说，句子里强调的是行动的静态而不是动态的含义。这样就可以顺译成汉语的的含义。

13、这样就可以顺译成汉语的“是是的的”的句式。其框架为的句式。其框架为“受事者受事者是是动词动词的的”。用这种译法来表现原文陈述的意义，显得。用这种译法来表现原文陈述的意义，显得简便灵活。简便灵活。 例例1：That ridiculous idea was put forward by his brother. 【译文译文】这个怪念头这个怪念头是是他哥哥想出来他哥哥想出来的的。14 例例2：The credit system in America was first adopted by Harvard University in 1872. 【译文译文】美国的学分制美国的学分制是是1872年在哈

14、佛大学首先年在哈佛大学首先实施实施的的。 例例3：Poetry was chanted to the accompaniment of the lyre. 【译文译文】诗歌吟唱时诗歌吟唱时是是由七弦琴伴奏由七弦琴伴奏的的。 例例4：The left ear is controlled by the right side of the brain. 【译文译文】左耳左耳是是由大脑的右侧控制由大脑的右侧控制的的。15课堂互动课堂互动2： 翻译句子翻译句子, 顺译成主动句顺译成主动句 1The novels of Dickens have already been translated into m

15、any languages. 2The discovery is highly appreciated in the circle of agricultural science. 3I was received by a tall, lithe, vibrant woman in her 70s, white-haired, and still beautiful. 4Most of these writers were convinced that injustices existed in our economic system, and against these injustices

16、 they protested, but they had no wish to change the system itself; or if they did, though idealistic, Utopian schemes.16译文欣赏译文欣赏 1. 狄更斯的小说已经译成了好几种语言。 2. 这一发现在农业科学界得到了很高的评价。 3. 接见我的是一位高挑轻盈，满头银发的女人。虽然年逾古稀，却依然神采奕奕，风韵犹存。 4. 大多数作家都认为我们的经济制度中存在着不公平的现象，并对此提出过抗议，但是他们并不想从本身上改变这种制度；即使想，也只是些乌托邦式的空想而已。1718 例例1：

17、Yet, only a part of this energy is used by man. 【译文译文】然而，然而，人类人类只只利用了利用了这种能量的一部分。这种能量的一部分。 例例2：Rivers are controlled by dams. 【译文译文】拦河大坝把拦河大坝把河流河流控制住了控制住了。 例例3：We are brought freedom and happiness by socialism. 【译文译文】社会主义社会主义给我们给我们带来带来了自由和幸福。了自由和幸福。 例例4：At least two quarts of water are required dail

18、y by a normal individual. 【译文译文】一个正常的人一个正常的人每天至少每天至少需要需要两夸脱的水。两夸脱的水。19 例例1：Heat is removed from the body during sweating. 【译文译文】出汗时出汗时人体散发人体散发热量。热量。 例例2：Abundant exercises and problems are provided in this reference book.【译文译文】这本参考书提供了这本参考书提供了大量的练习和问题。大量的练习和问题。 例例3：The same signs and symbols of math

19、ematics are used throughout the world.【译文译文】全世界全世界都都使用使用同样的数学记号和符号。同样的数学记号和符号。 例例4：The compass was invented in China four thousand years ago.【译文译文】四千年前四千年前中国发明中国发明了指南针。了指南针。20 例例1：Quality of products must be guaranteed first. 【译文译文】首先要首先要确保确保产品的质量。产品的质量。 例例2：The goods are urgently needed. 【译文译文】急需急需

20、此货。此货。21 例例3：Smoking is not allowed here. 【译文译文】此处此处禁止禁止吸烟。吸烟。 例例4：Children should be taught to speak the truth. 【译文译文】应该应该教育教育儿童讲真话。儿童讲真话。 例例5：You are supposed to pay right after the books are delivered. 【译文译文】书到后书到后应应立即付款。立即付款。22课堂互动课堂互动3：运用倒译法翻译下列句子：运用倒译法翻译下列句子 1Tremendous research work is requir

21、ed to bring about such fantastic speeds. （译成无主句） 2Helsinki became a flourishing port, and a university was founded at Turku.（译成无主句） 3The students should be enabled to develop morally, intellectually and physically in an all-round way. （译成无主句） 4In September and October 1944 a half-million men were fo

22、und for the army. But no provision was made to replace them in the factories and offices by women. （译成无主句）23译文欣赏译文欣赏 1. 要达到如此神奇的速度，需要进行大规模的研究工作。 2. 赫尔辛基变成了一个繁荣的港口，在图尔库还建成了一所大学。 3. 必须使学生在德育，智育，体育方面得到全面发展。 4. 1944年9，10两个月，有50万人参了军，但是没有规定要妇女进机关和工厂去接替这些入伍的人。2425 It is asked that 有人会问有人会问 It is asserted

23、that 有人主张有人主张 It is felt that 有人感到有人感到；人们认为；人们认为 It is preferred that有人建议有人建议 It is recommended that 有人建议有人建议；有人推荐；有人推荐 It is suggested that 有人建议有人建议 It is stressed that 有人强调说有人强调说26 It will be said that 有人会说有人会说 It is believed that 有人相信有人相信 It is estimated that 有人估计有人估计 It is announced that 有人通知有人通

24、知; 有人宣称有人宣称 It is pointed out that 有人指出有人指出 It is claimed that 有人宣称有人宣称 It is declared that 有人提出有人提出 It is described that 有人介绍说有人介绍说 It has been objected that 有人反驳说有人反驳说 It is thought that 人们认为人们认为;有人认为有人认为 It is taken that 人们认为人们认为 It is reputed that 人们认为人们认为27 例例1：It is pointed that there may be a

25、s many as 100,000 different sorts of proteins in a mans body. 【译文译文】有人指出有人指出人体内不同种类的蛋白质可多人体内不同种类的蛋白质可多达达10万种。万种。 例例2：It is well known that laughter has a tonic effect on the mind and body, suffusing the body with a feeling of well-being. 【译文译文】人们知道人们知道，笑具有健身作用，身心皆宜，笑具有健身作用，身心皆宜，它可以使人体充满一种愉快的感觉。它可以使人

26、体充满一种愉快的感觉。28 例例3：During the enquiry, it was discovered that her death had not been an accident. 【译文译文】在调查中，在调查中，人们发现人们发现她并非死于意外事她并非死于意外事故。故。 例例4：It is generally assumed that the ascertainment and recording of facts is the technique of history, and that the phenomena in the province of this techniqu

27、e are the social phenomena of civilization. 【译文译文】一般人都认为一般人都认为考核和记录事实是历史的考核和记录事实是历史的方法，在这种方法使用范围以内的现象就是文明方法，在这种方法使用范围以内的现象就是文明的社会现象。的社会现象。29 原句的主语是名词或人称代词，翻译时添加原句的主语是名词或人称代词，翻译时添加“有人，人们，有人，人们，大家，我们大家，我们”等，译成分句，其余部分分层译出。等，译成分句，其余部分分层译出。 此结构如下：此结构如下： S + be known to-V 大家知道，大家知道， /人人 们们(都都)知道，知道， S + b

28、e held to-V 人们认为，人们认为， S + be considered to-V 我们认为，我们认为， S + be found to V 人们发现，人们发现， S + be thought to-V 有人认为，有人认为，30 例例1：All bodies on the earth are known to possess weight. 【译文译文】人们（都）知道人们（都）知道，地球上的一切，地球上的一切物质均具有重量。物质均具有重量。 例例2：Little Derick was found at his book in the reading room. 【译文译文】有人看见有人

29、看见小德里克在阅览室看书。小德里克在阅览室看书。31 例例3：The existence of oil wells has been known for a long time. 【译文译文】人们很早就知道人们很早就知道油井的存在。油井的存在。 例例4：She was much run after in her youth. 【译文译文】她年轻时，她年轻时，有有许多许多人人追求她。追求她。32 原句的主语也是名词或人称代词，翻译时常把被原句的主语也是名词或人称代词，翻译时常把被动的部分译成动的部分译成“据据”，然后再按主谓顺序译出，然后再按主谓顺序译出其余部分。常见于下列句型结构。其余部分。常

30、见于下列句型结构。 S + be said to-V 据说据说 S + be reported to-V 据报道据报道 S + be stated to-V 据称据称 S + be known to-V 据了解据了解33 例例1：She is said to have studied English for three years. 【译文译文】据说据说她已经学了三年英语。她已经学了三年英语。 例例2：The area is known to be rich in natural resources. 【译文译文】据了解据了解，这个地区有丰富的自然，这个地区有丰富的自然资源。资源。34 例例3

31、：The coming physics examination is said to be rather difficult, so we get well prepared for it. 【译文译文】即将举行的物理考试即将举行的物理考试据说据说相当难，相当难，所以我们必须做好充分准备。所以我们必须做好充分准备。 例例4：The novel is said to be translated into English. 【译文译文】那部小说那部小说据说据说即将译成英语。即将译成英语。35 原句的主语是名词或人称代词，翻译时常把被动原句的主语是名词或人称代词，翻译时常把被动的部分提出来根据时态、

32、语气、语义灵活翻译成的部分提出来根据时态、语气、语义灵活翻译成汉语的无主句。汉语的无主句。 S + be now thought to-V 现在认为，现在认为， S + have been found to-V 已经发现，已经发现， S + should be pointed out that 应当指出应当指出 S + may be safely said that 可以有把握地可以有把握地说说36 例例1：The so-called precious pearls have been found to be common stones. 【译文译文】已经发现已经发现，那些所谓的宝珠竟然是些普

33、，那些所谓的宝珠竟然是些普通的石头。通的石头。 例例2：You are cordially invited to a party to be given at the Teachers Club at 3 p.m. Nov. 23. 【译文译文】谨订于谨订于11月月23日下午日下午3时在教师俱乐部时在教师俱乐部举行晚会，举行晚会，敬请光临敬请光临。37课堂互动课堂互动4：运用分译法翻译下列句子：运用分译法翻译下列句子 1Hydrogen is known to be lightest element. 2It is generally considered not advisable to a

34、ct that way. 3Our teacher was seen (to be) working in the office. 4Yet, what we say here will not be long remembered. What we do here can change the world. 5It is believed that todays pop music can serve as a creature force by stimulating the thinking of its listeners. 38译文欣赏译文欣赏 1. 人们（都）知道，氢是最轻的元素。

35、 2. 大家认为这样做是不妥当的。 3. 有人看见老师在办公室备课。 4. 不过，我们在这里所讲的话，人们不会长久地记住。我们在这里所做的事却能改变世界。 5. 人们认为，今天的通俗音乐通过刺激听众的思维便能作为一种创造性的力量。391) Everything in the world is built up from atoms.【译文译文】世间万物都世间万物都是是由原子组成由原子组成的的。2）This matter will be looked into in the future.【译文译文】这件事将来这件事将来是是要查明要查明的的。3）She was very put about it.【译文译文】她对这一点她对这一点是是很在意很在意的的。4) The science fiction has been translated into Chinese by a friend of min